scholarly journals Arachis batizocoi: a study of its relationship to cultivated peanut (A. hypogaea) and its potential for introgression of wild genes into the peanut crop using induced allotetraploids

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya C. M. Leal-Bertioli ◽  
Silvio P. Santos ◽  
Karinne M. Dantas ◽  
Peter W. Inglis ◽  
Stephan Nielen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Arachis Batizocoi

scholarly journals ValSten: a new wild species derived allotetraploid for increasing genetic diversity of the peanut crop (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongying Gao ◽  
Ana C. G. Araujo ◽  
Eliza F. M. B. Nascimento ◽  
M. Carolina Chavarro ◽  
Han Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Wild Peanut

AbstractIntrogression of desirable traits from wild relatives plays an important role in crop improvement, as wild species have important characters such as high resistance to pests and pathogens. However, use of wild peanut relatives is challenging because almost all wild species are diploid and sexually incompatible with cultivated peanut, which is tetraploid (AABB genome type; 2n = 4x = 40). To overcome the ploidy barrier, we used 2 wild species to make a tetraploid with the same allotetraploid genome composition as cultivated peanut. Crosses were made between 2 diploid wild species, Arachis valida Krapov. and W.C. Greg. (BB genome; 2n = 2x = 20) and Arachis stenosperma Krapov. and W.C. Greg. (AA genome; 2n = 2x = 20). Cuttings from the diploid F1 AB hybrid were treated with colchicine to induce chromosome doubling thus generating an induced allotetraploid. Chromosome counts confirmed polyploidy (AABB genome; 2n = 4x = 40). We named the new allotetraploid ValSten. Plants had well-developed fertile pollen, produced abundant seed and were sexually compatible with cultivated peanut. ValSten exhibits the same high resistance to early and late leaf spot and rust as its diploid parents. Notably, we observed morphological variations, including flower width and branch angles in the earliest generation (S0) of allotetraploids. A SNP array was used to genotype 47 S0 allotetraploids. The great majority of markers showed the additive allelic state from both parents (AABB). However, some loci were AAAA or BBBB, indicating homeologous recombination. ValSten provides a new, vigorous, highly fertile, disease resistant germplasm for peanut research and improvement.

Molecular biogeographic study of recently described B- and A-genome Arachis species, also providing new insights into the origins of cultivated peanut

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Burow ◽  
Charles E. Simpson ◽  
Michael W. Faries ◽  
James L. Starr ◽  
Andrew H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Marker Haplotype ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Arachis Batizocoi

The cultivated peanut Arachis hypogaea is a tetraploid, likely derived from A- and B-genome species. Reproductive isolation of the cultigen has resulted in limited genetic variability for important traits. Artificial hybridizations using selected diploid parents have introduced alleles from wild species, but improved understanding of recently classified B-genome accessions would aid future introgression work. To this end, 154 cDNA probes were used to produce 1887 RFLP bands scored on 18 recently classified or potential B-genome accessions and 16 previously identified species. One group of B-genome species consisted of Arachis batizocoi , Arachis cruziana , Arachis krapovickasii , and one potential additional species; a second consisted of Arachis ipaënsis , Arachis magna , and Arachis gregoryi . Twelve uncharacterized accessions grouped with A-genome species. Many RFLP markers diagnostic of A. batizocoi group specificity mapped to linkage group pair 2/12, suggesting selection or genetic control of chromosome pairing. The combination of Arachis duranensis and A. ipaënsis most closely reconstituted the marker haplotype of A. hypogaea, but differences allow for other progenitors or genetic rearrangements after polyploidization. From 2 to 30 alleles per locus were present, demonstrating section Arachis wild species variation of potential use for expanding the cultigen’s genetic basis.

scholarly journals Broadening the Variability for Peanut Breeding with a Wild Species-Derived Induced Allotetraploid

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Taís Suassuna ◽  
Nelson Suassuna ◽  
Kennedy Martins ◽  
Ramon Matos ◽  
Jair Heuert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Moderate Resistance

The use of wild species in peanut breeding provides remarkable opportunities for introducing new traits to the peanut crop and it has increased in recent years. Here, we report the morphological and agronomic, including disease resistance, variation observed in 87 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) that were derived from the wild ancestors of peanut and the cultivar Runner IAC-886. These lines exhibited a wide range of variation for these traits, with transgressive segregation and novel phenotypes being observed in many lines. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for agronomic and resistance traits were detected. Six RILs with contrasting phenotypes for agronomic traits and moderate resistance to leaf spots were genotyped. All of the lines had, on average, 50% wild alleles, with at least one large wild segment and multiple interspersed alleles in all of the chromosomes. Genetic exchange between subgenomes was observed. On four lines, the top of Chr 05/15, which is tetrasomic AAAA in A. hypogaea, has been restored to its AABB state by the introgression of A. ipaënsis alleles. We identified lines with good agronomic traits while harboring genome composition and structure completely different from each other and from the cultivated peanut. The variation that is observed for the fruit type is also important for a better comprehension of the domestication process in peanut. This increase in genetic diversity has great potential benefits for the peanut breeding programs.

An Integrated Genetic Linkage Map from Three F2 Populations of Cultivated Peanut(Arachis hypogaeaL.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Bin GUO ◽  
Li HUANG ◽  
Liang-Qiang CHENG ◽  
Wei-Gang CHEN ◽  
Xiao-Ping REN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Cultivated Peanut

scholarly journals Diversity in Nutrient Content and Consumer Preferences of Sensory Attributes of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties in Ugandan Agroecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2658
Author(s):  
Rose Nankya ◽  
John W. Mulumba ◽  
Hannington Lwandasa ◽  
Moses Matovu ◽  
Brian Isabirye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Nutrient Amounts

The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most widely consumed legumes globally due to its nutrient content, taste, and affordability. Nutrient composition and consumer preference were determined for twenty local farmer (landrace) and commercial peanut varieties grown in the Nakaseke and Nakasongola districts of the central wooded savanna of Uganda through sensory and laboratory evaluation. Significant differences in nutrient content (p < 0.05) among peanut varieties were found within and across sites. A significant relationship between nutrient content and consumer preference for varieties within and across sites was also realized (Wilk’s lambda = 0.05, p = 0.00). The differences in nutrient content influenced key organoleptic characteristics, including taste, crunchiness, appearance, and soup aroma, which contributed to why consumers may prefer certain varieties to others. Gender differences in variety selection were significantly related to consumer preference for the crunchiness of roasted peanut varieties (F = 5.7, p = 0.016). The results imply that selecting different varieties of peanuts enables consumers to receive different nutrient amounts, while experiencing variety uniqueness. The promotion of peanut intraspecific diversity is crucial for improved nutrition, organoleptic appreciation and the livelihood of those engaged in peanut value chains, especially for the actors who specialize in different peanut products. The conservation of peanut diversity will ensure that the present and future generations benefit from the nutritional content and organoleptic enjoyment that is linked to unique peanut varieties.

scholarly journals Identification of expressed R-genes associated with leaf spot diseases in cultivated peanut

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phat M. Dang ◽  
Marshall C. Lamb ◽  
Kira L. Bowen ◽  
Charles Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Cultivated Peanut

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Defensive Mechanism of Arachis hypogaea in Response to Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xiaobo Zhao ◽  
Quanxi Sun ◽  
Caixia Yan ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Young Leaves

Abiotic stresses comprise all nonliving factors, such as soil salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, and metal toxicity, posing a serious threat to agriculture and affecting the plant production around the world. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important crops for vegetable oil, proteins, minerals, and vitamins in the world. Therefore, it is of importance to understand the molecular mechanism of peanut against salt stress. Six transcriptome sequencing libraries including 24-hour salt treatments and control samples were constructed from the young leaves of peanut. A comprehensive analysis between two groups detected 3,425 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 2,013 upregulated genes and 1,412 downregulated genes. Of these DEGs, 141 transcription factors (TFs) mainly consisting of MYB, AP2/ERF, WRKY, bHLH, and HSF were identified in response to salinity stress. Further, GO categories of the DEGs highly related to regulation of cell growth, cell periphery, sustained external encapsulating structure, cell wall organization or biogenesis, antioxidant activity, and peroxidase activity were significantly enriched for upregulated DEGs. The function of downregulated DEGs was mainly enriched in regulation of metabolic processes, oxidoreductase activity, and catalytic activity. Fourteen DEGs with response to salt tolerance were validated by real-time PCR. Taken together, the identification of DEGs’ response to salt tolerance of cultivated peanut will provide a solid foundation for improving salt-tolerant peanut genetic manipulation in the future.

scholarly journals Involvement of Root Hair during <i>Rhizobial</i> Invasion in Cultivated Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (08) ◽  
pp. 1646-1659
Author(s):  
James Maku ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Fengxia Liu ◽  
Lixia Liu ◽  
Karen Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Cultivated Peanut

scholarly journals Comprehensive Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Candidate Genes for Variation in Seed Size/Weight During Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Domestication

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongfeng Li ◽  
Xingguo Zhang ◽  
Kunkun Zhao ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Chengxin Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Ppr Protein ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Transcriptome Analyses ◽  
Wild Peanut

Seed size/weight, a key domestication trait, is also an important selection target during peanut breeding. However, the mechanisms that regulate peanut seed development are unknown. We re-sequenced 12 RNA samples from developing seeds of two cultivated peanut accessions (Lines 8106 and 8107) and wild Arachis monticola at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days past flowering (DPF). Transcriptome analyses showed that ∼36,000 gene loci were expressed in each of the 12 RNA samples, with nearly half exhibiting moderate (2 ≤ FPKM &lt; 10) expression levels. Of these genes, 12.2% (4,523) were specifically expressed during seed development, mainly at 15 DPF. Also, ∼12,000 genes showed significant differential expression at 30, 45, and/or 60 DPF within each of the three peanut accessions, accounting for 31.8–34.1% of the total expressed genes. Using a method that combined comprehensive transcriptome analysis and previously mapped QTLs, we identified several candidate genes that encode transcription factor TGA7, topless-related protein 2, IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 5, and putative pentatricopeptide repeat-containing (PPR) protein. Based on sequence variations identified in these genes, SNP markers were developed and used to genotype both 30 peanut landraces and a genetic segregated population, implying that EVM0025654 encoding a PPR protein may be associated with the increased seed size/weight of the cultivated accessions in comparison with the allotetraploid wild peanut. Our results provide additional knowledge for the identification and functional research into candidate genes responsible for the seed size/weight phenotype in peanut.

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