A-13 The Association of Specific Depression Factors and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1054
Author(s):  
Allison Nash ◽  
Raquel Rosenberg ◽  
Jessica Paxton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Symptoms

Abstract Objective This study investigated whether particular dimensions of depression measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) predicted memory and executive function performance in older adults. We hypothesized that the worry dimension would significantly predict both memory and executive function scores given findings from previous studies (De Vito et al., 2017). Method Participants included 534 individuals ages 50 through 85 (M = 63) from the Nathan Kline Institute’s Rockland community sample. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) was used to assess memory and the Tower Test subtest of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) assessed executive functioning. To assess different dimensions of depression, we computed variables for six dimensions of the GDS using the factor model validated by Adams et al. (2004). Results Regression analyses revealed that, controlling for age, none of the GDS factors significantly accounted for performances on RAVLT short or long delayed recall tests. The worry factor significantly predicted RAVLT Learning Trial 1 scores (β = −0.28, p < 0.05). Worry (β = −0.16, p < 0.05) and agitation (β = −0.18, p < 0.05) were the strongest predictors of total achievement scores on D-KEFS Tower Test. Conclusion These findings represent a deviation from expectations that depression symptoms would predict short and long-delay memory performances in an aging population. The particular role of worry in our other variables augments De Vito et al.’s (2017) findings, as we found that worry predicted short-term memory and executive functioning. These results demonstrate the importance of addressing worry symptoms in older adults for healthy executive functioning.

Minimal Clinically Important Difference of Executive Function Performance in Older Adults Who Fall: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Jehu ◽  
Jennifer C. Davis ◽  
Kenneth Madden ◽  
Naaz Parmar ◽  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Divergent Validity

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Executive function is responsive to exercise and predictive of subsequent falls. Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) are critical for understanding whether observed changes are meaningful. However, MCIDs of many cognitive measures are not established. We aimed to determine MCIDs of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test ([DSST] processing speed measure), Stroop (inhibition measure), and Trail Making Test B-A (TMT; set-shifting measure), using anchor- and distribution-based approaches in older adults who have fallen and received the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) relative to usual care only (CON). Our secondary aim was to establish construct (convergent and divergent) validity of these measures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Complete case analyses of cognitive outcomes (DSST, Stroop, TMT, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) were acquired at baseline and 1 year (NCT01029171; NCT003235960); participants were randomized to the OEP (<i>n</i> = 114/172; Age: 80.6 ± 6.1 years; 64.9% Female) or CON (<i>n</i> = 128/172; Age: 82.3 ± 5.8 years; 71.9% Female)]. The MoCA was used as the anchor. We estimated MCIDs using anchor- and distribution-based approaches. Anchor-based executive function change differences ([CD] 1 year minus baseline) observed in participants with meaningful changes in the MoCA (≥3 or ≤ −3 points) receiving the OEP were subtracted from the CON. An anchor-based receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to identify optimal cut-off scores of the 3 executive function measures. The distribution-based approach (DA) accounted for variability in baseline and follow-up data. MCID ranges were estimated using these approaches. We used Spearman’s correlations to explore convergent validity between executive function measures and other measures involving the same construct (DSST, Stroop, TMT, MoCA, and Mini-Mental State Examination), and divergent validity between executive function measures and variables reflecting different constructs (Geriatric Depression Scale, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, sex, and body mass index). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Based on the 3 approaches, MCID improvement ranges were 3–5 symbols for the DSST (CD = 5; ROC = 2.5; DA = 3.3 symbols), and −11.5 to −26.0 s for the Stroop (CD = −26.0; ROC = −11.5; DA = −20.6 s). MCID decline ranges were −3 to −6 symbols for the DSST (CD = −5.2; ROC = −2.5; DA = −3.3 symbols) and 5.4–30.6 s for the Stroop (CD = 30.6; ROC = 5.4; DA = 20.6 s). MCIDs for the TMT were not meaningful due to high variability (Improvement: CD = −106.6; ROC = −18.4; DA = −69.1 s; Decline: CD = 69.1; ROC = 14.5; DA = 69.1 s). The executive function measures exhibited good convergent (<i>r</i> = −0.22 to <i>r</i> = 0.42) and divergent (<i>r</i> &#x3c; −0.01 to <i>r</i> = 0.16) validity. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These established MCIDs will allow clinicians to interpret meaningful changes in executive function following exercise amongst older adults who have fallen. The DSST, Stroop, and TMT demonstrated good construct validity, supporting their use in comprehensive fall-risk assessments in older adults who fall.

Community reintegration: Therapeutic dining program for older adult following stroke

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Christina Harper
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Community Reintegration ◽  
Geriatric Depression

Therapeutic dining programs are part of the community reintegration process for clients recovering from a stroke. It is a supervised program performed in social settings that consists of a combination of techniques to improve the eating situation. Therapeutic dining programs are a beneficial form of therapy for many rehabilitative groups. This specific program has been tailored to older adults who are recovering from a stroke. Its main goals, aside from improving the eating situation, are to prevent another stroke from happening and decrease depression symptoms and increase self-esteem by reintegrating clients back into the community. I looked into several different community reintegration program and nutrition and eating after stroke studies in which positive outcomes were found for post-stroke clients. All studies and research used has provided a strong support for the specific proposed intervention program for my client Kelly, who is an older adult female recovering from a stroke. Assessments selected: The Barthel Index, Nutritional Status, and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Plan: Small group therapeutic dining program with other older adults in the afternoon. Intervention: Therapeutic Dining Program three times a week for eight weeks to improve eating situation, promote healthy eating, decrease symptoms of depression, and increase self esteem and social activity. Evaluation: The Barthel Index, Nutritional Status, Geriatric Depression Scale plus a Stroke Recovery Scorecard. Clients Goals: 1) Client will lower the risks of having another stroke. 2) Client will increase their eating situation experience and self-esteem while decreasing their depression symptoms. 3) Client will get involved in one support group or leisure activity outside of recreational therapy (RT) dining program for community reintegrated leisure pursuits.

scholarly journals SLEEP AND ITS RELATION TO COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE, DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS AND ANXIETY IN OLDER ADULTS WITHIN A PANDEMIC FRAMEWORK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Moreira ◽  
Tiago Ordonez ◽  
Gabriela Santos ◽  
Luiz Moraes ◽  
Patrícia Lessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Background: COVID-19 has generated impacts mainly on the psychological health of older adults´ population. Depression symptoms and high anxiety levels may negatively influence sleep quality and thus the cognitive performance of those who suffer from them. There needs to be studies which document such relations during the pandemic. Objective: Investigate the influence of sleep on cognition, depression symptoms, and anxiety. Methods: Cross-sectional study applying the following scales: Brazilian telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). An additional questionnaire with 6 subjective questions concerning the presence or absence of sleep issues was also employed. Results: 428 older adults aged between 60 and 90 and with an average of 67.54 ± 5.65 years were evaluated. When Sleep Scores and other variables of scales were correlated the following results were obtained: Sleep Score and Braztel-MMSE (rho=-0.08 e p=0.108); Sleep Score and GDS15 (rho=0.46 e p <0,001); and Sleep Score and GAI (rho=0.41 e p<0.001). Conclusion: Results emphasize that sleep has not shown relation to cognitive performance, mainly in this sample with individuals of high education levels. However, sleep has been strongly associated with variables concerning depression symptoms and anxiety levels, showing its importance for the psychological levels of individuals in the current pandemic framework.

scholarly journals Subjective Memory Complaint and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Portugal

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Sousa ◽  
Anabela Pereira ◽  
Rui Costa
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination

Background. Older adults report subjective memory complaints (SMCs) but whether these are related to depression remains controversial. In this study we investigated the relationship between the SMCs and depression and their predictors in a sample of old adults.Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 620 participants aged 55 to 96 years (74.04 ± 10.41). Outcome measures included a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, a SMC scale (QSM), a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), and a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Results. The QSM mean total score for the main results suggests that SMCs are higher in old adults with depressed symptoms, comparatively to nondepressed old adults. The GDS scores were positively associated with QSM but negatively associated with education, MMSE, and MoCA. GDS scores predicted almost 63.4% of variance. Scores on QSM and MoCA are significantly predicted by depression symptomatology.Conclusion. Depression symptoms, lower education level, and older age may be crucial to the comprehension of SMCs. The present study suggested that depression might play a role in the SMCs of the older adults and its treatment should be considered.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of Azeri Turkish version of geriatric depression scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Sepideh Herizchi ◽  
Habibeh Barzegar ◽  
Shahrokh Amiri ◽  
Ali Fakhari ◽  
Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Turkish Version

Background: In older adults, depression symptoms may be masked by physical complaints and be even attributed to the natural aging process, which may be resulted in improper diagnosis. Native-language scales can be highly effective in the detection of depressive disorders. In this study we attempted to assess the reliability and validity of the Azeri Turkish version of the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Methods: In this psychometric study, the GDS and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV(SCID) questionnaires were administered to a sample of 387 older adults (60 years and older)from the member households of Tabriz health centers. The English version of GDS was translated into Azeri Turkish. Translation-back translation process was conducted. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, as well as sensitivity and specificity, were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire, and the test-retest method was used to calculate reliability. Results: The mean age of participants was 69.30. The area under the ROC curve for the scores higher than five was 0.832 and for the scores equal to ten and above was 0.871. The sensitivity and specificity for the scores higher than five were 90.9% and 73.4%, respectively. The reliability of this scale was confirmed based on intraclass coefficient (ICC) = 0.79. Conclusion: The Azeri Turkish version of GDS was found with appropriate levels of validity and reliability.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS IN OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Santos ◽  
Tiago Ordonez ◽  
Ana Moreira ◽  
Luiz Moraes ◽  
Patrícia Lessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Average Education

Background: COVID-19 has impacted the daily life of older adults, originating symptoms of depression which might influence cognitive performance. There is a need thus for papers which document such relations. Objective: Investigate the presence of depression symptoms in older adults and their relations to cognitive performance in the pandemic framework. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which the Brazilian telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) were employed, as well as a question which examined the perception of changes in mood and anxiety due to the pandemic. Results: The analyzed sample was comprised of 428 older adults with an average age of 67.54±5.65 years and average education level of 14.72±3.54 years. The average score of Braztel-MMSE was 20.24±1.49 and that of GDS15 was 3.39±4.00. The Spearman correlation coefficient was a significant rho= -0.10 (p=0.034). 71% of those surveyed noticed mood and/ or anxiety changes and only those showed a significant correlation between Braztel-MMSE and GDS15 of rho= -0.17 (p=0.003). Conclusion: Results show an association between depression symptoms and cognitive performance. Such an association has been more evident when analyzing changes in mood and/ or anxiety during the pandemic. Such findings contribute to the planning of services and public policies to older adults in the current framework.

scholarly journals Effects of Square-Stepping Exercise on balance and depressive symptoms in older adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Rodrigues Pereira ◽  
Sebastião Gobbi ◽  
Camila Vieira Ligo Teixeira ◽  
Carla Manuela Crispim Nascimento ◽  
Danilla Icassatti Corazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Stepping Exercise

The aim of this study was analyze the effects of Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) on depressive symptoms, balance and functional mobility in older adults. Participants were distributed into two groups: Trained Group (TG), who performed a 16-week intervention with SSE and Control Group (CG), who performed only evaluations. The Berg Balance Scale and Time Up and Go Test (TUG) constituted the evaluation protocol to verify balance and functional mobility. Geriatric Depression Scale-short form (GDS-15) was applied for measure depressive symptoms. Evaluations were realized pre and post 16-week. Significant improvements were observed in the TG with the maintenance of GDS-15 scores and on the time to perform the TUG test which reflects better functional mobility than the CG. This could lead to conclude that the SSE is an important tool for improve balance, prevent falls and decrease depression symptoms.

Depressive symptoms are independently associated with recurrent falls in community-dwelling older adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1511-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Grenier ◽  
Marie-Christine Payette ◽  
Francis Langlois ◽  
Thien Tuong Minh Vu ◽  
Louis Bherer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Recurrent Falls ◽  
Physical Capacities ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

ABSTRACTBackground:Falls and depression are two major public health problems that affect millions of older people each year. Several factors associated with falls are also related to depressive symptoms such as medical conditions, sleep quality, use of medications, cognitive functioning, and physical capacities. To date, studies that investigated the association between falls and depressive symptoms did not control for all these shared factors. The current study addresses this issue by examining the relationship between falls and depression symptoms after controlling for several confounders.Methods:Eighty-two community-dwelling older adults were enrolled in this study. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) was used to evaluate the presence of depressive symptoms, and the following question was used to assess falls: “Did you fall in the last 12 months, and if so, how many times?”Results:Univariate analyses indicated that the number of falls was significantly correlated with gender (women), fractures, asthma, physical inactivity, presence of depressive symptoms, complaints about quality of sleep, use of antidepressant drugs, and low functional capacities. Multivariate analyses revealed that depressive symptoms were significantly and independently linked to recurrent falls after controlling for confounders.Conclusions:Results of the present study highlight the importance of assessing depressive symptoms during a fall risk assessment.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms Predict Incident Dementia in a Community Sample of Older Adults: Results From the Einstein Aging Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ezzati ◽  
Mindy J. Katz ◽  
Carol A. Derby ◽  
Molly E. Zimmerman ◽  
Richard B. Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Study

Background: There is increasing evidence that depressive symptoms are associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. In current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of depressive symptoms on incident Alzheimer disease and all-cause dementia in a community sample of older adults. Methods: Participants were 1219 older adults from the Einstein Aging Study, a longitudinal cohort study of community-dwelling older adults in Bronx County, New York. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS, 15-item) was used as a measure of depressive symptoms. The primary outcome was incident dementia diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, criteria. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of incident dementia as a function of GDS score for the whole population and also for 2 different time intervals, <3 years and ≥3 years after baseline assessment. Results: Among participants, 132 individuals developed dementia over an average 4.5 years (standard deviation [SD] = 3.5) of follow-up. Participants had an average age of 78.3 (SD = 5.4) at baseline, and 62% were women. Among all participants, after controlling for demographic variables and medical comorbidities, a 1-point increase in GDS was associated with higher incidence of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.11, P = .007). After up to 3 years of follow-up, depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with dementia incidence (HR = 1.09; P = .070). However, after more than 3 years, GDS score was a significant predictor of incident dementia (HR = 1.13, P = .028). Conclusions: Our results suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of incident dementia in older adults.

Subjective, neuropsychological, and neural markers of memory in older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Julia L. Sheffler ◽  
Melissa A. Meynadasy ◽  
Diamond T. Taylor ◽  
Dimitris N. Kiosses ◽  
Greg Hajcak
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Well Being

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the P300 event-related potential, neuropsychological measures of memory, subjective memory complaints (SMCs), and indicators of psychosocial functioning. Design, setting, and participants: In this cross-sectional study of 79 community-based older adults, aged 60–75 years, participants completed online surveys and in-person neuropsychological and electroencephalogram (EEG) assessments. Measurements: Measures included: the Change subscale of the Metamemory in Adulthood Questionnaire, NIH Toolbox Emotions battery (Perceived Stress and Psychological Well-Being), Geriatric Depression Scale, Geriatric Anxiety Scale, electrocortical measures (EEG), California Verbal Learning Test, 3rd Edition, and diagnostic ratings for mild and major neurocognitive disorders based on full neuropsychological battery, clinical interview, and two-clinician consensus. Results: P300 amplitude was associated with long-delay verbal memory recall and diagnostic rating. SMCs were not associated with objective memory or diagnostic rating. SMCs were associated with higher perceived stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms and lower psychological well-being. Conclusions: Neural indicators such as the P300 may be useful for early detection of cognitive impairment. SMCs were not a reliable indicator of early memory impairment in relation to neuropsychological or neural indicators, but may be a useful indicator of unreported stress and mood symptoms in clinical settings.

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