scholarly journals Heightened perception of competition hastens courtship

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Claudia Santori ◽  
Luc F Bussière ◽  
Thomas M Houslay
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Mating History ◽  
Environment Exposure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Face Complex ◽  
Multiple Male

Abstract When animals use costly labile display or signal traits to display to the opposite sex, they face complex decisions regarding the degree and timing of their investment in separate instances of trait expression. Such decisions may be informed by not only the focal individual’s condition (or pool of available resources) but also aspects of the social environment, such as perceptions of same-sex competition or the quality of available mates. However, the relative importance of these factors to investment decisions remains unclear. Here, we use manipulations of condition (through dietary nutrition), recent social environment (exposure to a silenced male, nonsilenced male, female, or isolation), and female mating history (single or multiple male) to test how quickly male decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) decide to begin courting an available female. We find that males that were previously housed with nonsilenced males started courting the female earlier than other males. Females only mounted males after courtship began. Our results suggest a strong effect of the perception of competition on the decision to invest resources in sexual signaling behavior and that females might exert directional selection on its timing.

scholarly journals Brazilian Children’s Understanding of the Quality of Life in Their Living Environment: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5101
Author(s):  
Camilla Aparecida Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Andréa Maria Duarte Vargas ◽  
Fernanda de Morais Ferreira ◽  
Efigênia Ferreira e Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Social ◽  
Graphic Elements

(1) Objective: To understand the perception of Brazilian children about the Quality of Life (QoL) considering their living environment. (2) Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted with children aged 6–10 years, from a medium-sized Brazilian municipality, recruited from public and private schools. An adaptation of the “draw, write, and say” method was used to collect data. At first, all children (n = 252) drew a “neighborhood with QoL”. On the same day, the researcher analyzed the graphic elements of the representations and intentionally selected the two best-detailed drawings from each class (n = 49) and the children were invited to narrate them. The narratives were analyzed through content analysis. (3) Results: Two major themes emerged from the content analysis, namely, the physical environment and social environment. The first included the needs to live in a community, such as housing, places of leisure, essential services, and natural elements. The second was relationships with family and friends. (4) Conclusion: The children presented the meaning of an environment with QoL, pointing out essential items to have this ideal environment. The social environment and the physical environment were perceived interdependently; that is, any change in one of these aspects may affect children’s QoL.

scholarly journals The Attitudes Associated with Menstruation in College Women and Men [University of West Florida]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nguyen ◽  
Kaitlyn Baldwin ◽  
Sarah Wayer ◽  
Kira Morrison ◽  
Shelby Leclaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Women ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex

Almost every woman will experience menstruation during her life. These women will not only experience the biological symptoms of menstruation, but they will also experience the social stigma surrounding menstruation. Many studies have been conducted to understand the stigma found in today’s society. These studies discuss the awareness levels of women and men regarding this stigma. Additionally, studies show that women and adolescent girls internalize this stigma and feel required to modify their behaviors to adapt to societal rules surrounding menstruation. The purpose of our research is to replicate these studies and to further explore the prevalence of and reasons for the stigma and individual perceptions surrounding the discussion of women’s menstrual cycles in college women and men. Additionally, unlike previous studies, our study will ask both women and men about how comfortable they are with discussing menstruation with a variety of groups, including their family members, members of the same or opposite sex, friends, and coworkers; their attitudes towards menstruation; and how the quality of their relationships affect their attitudes. For this study we will be using a self-reported survey with semi-structured and open-ended questions, in which both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected. We will then use this data to discern the most common reasons for stigma and discomfort, experienced by both sexes, regarding the topic of menstruation. We expect to find women are relatively comfortable discussing the topic of menstruation with other females, but become uncomfortable when males are present. We predict the majority of men are uncomfortable discussing the topic of menstruation in all scenarios, though some may be less stigmatized due to previous exposure to the topic through relationships with other women in their lives, and the quality of those relationships. Data will be collected and analyzed from January through March 2019.

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ОТОЧЕННЯ НА МОДЕЛЬ ПОВЕДІНКИ СПОЖИВАЧА

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Анастасія Сергіївна Коноваленко
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reference Space ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact

Formulation of the problem. The author's approach to the analysis of the impact of the social environment on the model of consumer behavior, which involves determining the intensity and direction of the impact of social groups based on the quality of the reference space by applying the proposed CNSA model ("Criticism-noise-silence-advice"). The aim of the research is to determine the methodological approaches to the analysis of the impact of the social environment in the decision-making process on the purchase and consumption of food by school-age children. The methodological basis of the study was the work of ukrainian and foreign scientists on marketing research. The hypothesis of the resaerch was the assumption of the need to substantiate methodological approaches to the analysis of the impact of the social environment on consumer behavior, taking into account the intensity and direction of the impact of different groups. The statement of basic materials. The method of analysis of the influence of social environment on consumer behavior proposed in the article involves determining the intensity of influence of social environment groups as the weight of respondents' perception of the importance of this group, and assessing the direction of social environment through analysis of the quality of the reference space based on the developed CNSA model ("Criticism-noise-silence-advice"). Based on the obtained data, it is possible to reproduce the reference space of the respondent, which is a characteristic of the quality of the impact of the social environment on the respondents in terms of specific issues. Based on the proposed method, the analysis of the impact of the social environment on the consumer behavior of school-age children. The obtained data characterize the reference space of children in view of the discussion of the nutrition system of school-age children. The originality and practical significance of the research. This technique has theoretical and applied significance and can be used to assess the impact of the social environment for different groups of respondents on specific issues of consumer behavior. Conclusions. The methodology is substantiated and on its basis the analysis of the influence of the social environment on the model of consumer behavior of school-age children in the market of food products and services is carried out. Perspectives of further research will be aimed at determining the nature of the influence of motivating and internal factors on consumer behavior, determining the specifics of the decision-making process of school-age children on the purchase and consumption of food

scholarly journals Health-Related Quality of Life of Individuals Living In Households with Depression: Evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Dams ◽  
Thomas Grochtdreis ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDepression contributes to disability more than any other mental disorder and is associated with a reduced health-related quality of life. However, the impact of depression on the social environment is relatively unknown. The current study determined differences in the health-related quality of life between co-living household members of depressed persons and persons in households without depression. Furthermore, factors influencing the health-related quality of life of co-living household members of depressed persons were evaluated. Using a sample of the German Socio-Economic Panel, health-related quality of life was measured longitudinally with the 12 item Short Form health survey. In addition to descriptive statistics, differences in health-related quality of life and factors influencing the health-related quality of life of co-living household members of depressed persons were determined by mixed effects beta regressions. Mental health-related quality of life was reduced for co-living household members of depressed persons compared with persons of households without depressed persons. Health-related quality of life of co-living household members of depressed persons was lower for women compared to men as well as for widowed persons compared to married persons. Overall, the health-related quality of life of co-living household members of depressed persons was reduced, which might be due to increased stress levels. It is therefore important to focus on support services for people in the social environment of depressed persons.

‘Neurosis' and the Personal Social Environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. P. Sims ◽  
D. H. Heard ◽  
C. E. Rowe ◽  
M. M. P. Gill ◽  
V. Maddock
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Neurotic Disorder ◽  
The Social

The Interview Schedule for Social Interactions (ISSI) was used to assess the social environment of 65 British inner-city patients suffering from severe neurotic disorder; all patients were offered a 12-week course of intensive day treatment with an educational and psychodynamic basis. Compared with a general population in Canberra, the neurosis sufferers had lower (morbid) scores on the ISSI for the extent and quality of their social relationships. Of the 34 subjects who completed treatment and attended for the post-treatment investigation, 21 attained a PSE score below the level for ‘caseness'. Twenty-five subjects who attended for follow-up at 18–24 months had improved significantly on all four of the standard ISSI measures, although they had not done so immediately after treatment. This suggests that although symptoms may improve at the time of treatment, social relationships improve only over several months.

scholarly journals Picture Your Nursing Home: Exploring the Sense of Home of Older Residents through Photography

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van Hoof ◽  
M. M. Verhagen ◽  
E. J. M. Wouters ◽  
H. R. Marston ◽  
M. D. Rijnaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Sense Of Home

The quality of the built environment can impact the quality of life and the sense of home of nursing home residents. This study investigated (1) which factors in the physical and social environment correlate with the sense of home of the residents and (2) which environmental factors are most meaningful. Twelve participants engaged in a qualitative study, in which photography was as a supportive tool for subsequent interviews. The data were analysed based on the six phases by Braun and Clarke. The four themes identified are (1) the physical view; (2) mobility and accessibility; (3) space, place, and personal belongings; and (4) the social environment and activities. A holistic understanding of which features of the built environment are appreciated by the residents can lead to the design and retrofitting of nursing homes that are more in line with personal wishes.

The Quality of the Social Environment at Work and Job Satisfaction1

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 840-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena L. Repetti ◽  
Kathryn A. Cosmas
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals THE ATTITUDE OF KAZAN STUDENTS TO ALCOHOL AND SMOKING (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF AN EMPIRICAL STUDY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
L.P. Maslova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Exclusion ◽  
The Media

The study of deviations from social norms is particularly relevant in modern social conditions, when significant reforms are being implemented in the field of politics, economy and social sphere, accompanied by significant changes in the level and quality of life of the population. The topic is also sharpened by the speed of globalization, as a result of which inequality between different social groups, including age groups, is growing. The most difficult situation in such transitional periods of development of society is the youth, whose worldview is in the process of formation, and the unformed value system of the transforming society can not provide the necessary social guidelines for behaviour.
The article shows the attitude of Kazan students to alcohol and Smoking on the basis of theoretical justification and author's empirical research. Based on the theoretical analysis of the works of representatives of the sociopsychological paradigm (Z. Freud, A. Adler, E. Fromm, K. Horney), it is shown that deviations are the result of negative family experiences and mental traumas of childhood. According to the sociological theories Of E. Giddens, J. Massionis, And N. Smelser, deviations arise primarily under the influence of social factors: the influence of the media, fashion, and others . Based on an empirical study of University students in Kazan-a sample of 400 people, representatives of various universities, it was found that a significant part of the respondents drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes. The survey data shows that the older the respondents, the more of them drink alcohol, and younger age groups tend to hold opinions about the complete exclusion of alcohol from use. This indicates the stressful factors of the social environment, the emergence of alcohol and Smoking habits, and the influence of the social environment.

scholarly journals Partners’ Satisfaction with the Quality of the University’s Social Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
I.V. Dolgorukova ◽  
◽  
T.V. Fomicheva ◽  
T.V. Leontievа ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The University

the article is devoted to the study of the quality of the social environment of a modern University. Indicators of the quality of the social environment were determined: the development of the social infrastructure of the University (medical care, sports facilities, food on the territory of the University, cultural objects and events), the image of the University in the external environment, working and studying conditions, and the quality of education. Based on the results of in-depth interviews with experts, the main indicators of the quality of the social environment of the University are analyzed. The experts were representatives of employers’ organizations and partners of the Russian state social University. The article develops a number of relevant recommendations for improving the social infrastructure of a modern University, its image in the external environment, and improving the quality of work and study. The research is addressed to heads of higher education institutions, specialists of ministries and departments involved in the development of educational and social policies to support higher education, researchers, students of higher education institutions, as well as a wide range of readers.

The creation and consequences of the social world: an interactional analysis of extraversion

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie G. Eaton ◽  
David C. Funder
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social World ◽  
Positive Affectivity ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Interactional Analysis ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Research Assistants

Seventy‐six previously unacquainted, opposite‐sex pairs of undergraduate participants engaged in a 5 min videotaped interaction, then provided their mutual impressions. Research assistants coded 64 behaviours from the videotapes; these ratings were combined into behavioural factors. Participants provided self‐descriptions of personality and were described by two acquaintances. Path analyses indicated that targets extraversion was associated with their behavioural involvement, which in turn was associated with partners subsequent ratings of their personality. Targets interpersonal positive affectivity was associated with their partners extraversion. Similar patterns of behavioural associations were found in relation to self‐reported, partner‐reported, and acquaintance‐reported extraversion. These results demonstrate how extraverts may create a positive social environment through their own positivity and by creating a social press for positivity in return. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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