New concepts in C. difficile management
Abstract Background Clostridium difficile infection is transmitted via spores, and the disease is mediated via secreted toxins. It represents a significant healthcare problem, and clinical presentation can range from asymptomatic carriage to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis. Sources of data publications in the field, with a focus on recent developments and concepts. Areas of agreement infection control measures, antibiotic stewardship and current management of the initial episode of C. difficile infection. Areas of controversy selection and sequence of interventions for the management of recurrent C. difficile infection; management of persistent carriers of toxigenic C. difficile in patients at high risk of subsequent C. difficile infection. Growing points use of faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent C. difficile infection. Areas timely for developing research role of specific microbiota-mediated interventions and vaccination in the treatment and prevention of C. difficile infection.