scholarly journals Association of Body Composition, Glucose Control, and Diet with Postprandial Triglycerides and Vascular Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
Nicholas Koemel ◽  
Christina Sciarrillo ◽  
Sam Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Postprandial Triglycerides

Abstract Objectives Excessive postprandial lipemia (PPL) following intake of a high-fat meal (HFM) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We recently observed significantly lesser PPL in more active individuals, irrespective of age. This project examined the association of body composition, glucose control, and dietary intake with postprandial triglycerides (TG) and vascular function in groups that differed by age and physical activity level. Methods We recruited 4 groups of adults: younger active (YA; age 22.1 ± 1.4 y; n = 9), younger inactive (YI; age 22.6 ± 3.7 y; n = 8), older active (OA; age 68.4 ± 7.7 y; n = 8), and older inactive (OI; age 67.7 ± 7.2 y; n = 7). Participants completed a 3-day food record including 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day. Following a 10-hour overnight fast and 2 days of exercise avoidance, participants consumed a HFM (12 kcal/kg; 63% fat, 34% carbohydrate). Serial blood draws were then collected every hour for 6 hours to measure metabolic responses. Vascular function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at baseline (BL), 2-hours, and 4-hours post-meal. Fasting insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured pre-meal. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Seca mBCA 514). Results After controlling for physical activity and age via partial correlation, visceral adiposity was associated with TG total area under the curve (P = 0.04; r = 0.38), while body fat % was inversely associated with BL FMD (P = 0.0007; r = −0.50). HOMA-IR was not associated with visceral adiposity or body fat % (P’s ≥ 0.08). Postprandial metabolic and vascular responses were not associated with skeletal muscle mass (P’s ≥ 0.07), fasting insulin (P’s ≥ 0.30), HOMA-IR (P’s ≥ 0.40) or HbA1c (P’s ≥ 0.29). After adjusting for total caloric intake, BL FMD was positively associated with dietary fiber (P = 0.006; r = 0.50) and negatively associated with dietary sugar (P = 0.01; r = −0.46). Conclusions This study identified body fat distribution, sugar, and fiber as correlated factors for postprandial metabolic and vascular responses when also considering age and physical activity. This warrants future studies to examine further the role of these factors in determining PPL and vascular function. Funding Sources This study was funded by the College of Human Sciences at Oklahoma State University.

Dietary intake, body composition, and physical activity among young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (7-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanza Mosso ◽  
Victoria Halabi ◽  
Tamara Ortiz ◽  
Maria Isabel Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess dietary intake, nutritional status, body composition, and physical activity level in a group of Chilean children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), compare these parameters with the recommendations of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD), and determine the relationships between dietary intake, body composition, and diabetes control.A total of 30 patients with T1DM (aged 15.2±4.0 years) were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a 92-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray densitometry. Physical activity was assessed by means of a survey.The energy intake of these patients was derived from 21.4% protein, 48% carbohydrates, and 31.2% fat. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly correlated with fat as grams per day (r: 0.363, p<0.05) and calories per day (r: 0.364, p<0.05). The mean body fat percentage in females was 31.2% and 20.2% in males (p < 0.01) and the mean amount of physical activity was 4.5±2.7 h per week.The study patients had a higher protein intake than recommended by ISPAD. Dietary carbohydrate intake was rather low, and dietary fat intake was the same as the limits recommended by ISPAD. Diabetic control was significantly correlated with protein, carbohydrates, fat, and sodium intake. The girls in the study had a higher percentage of body fat than the standard recommendations for their age. The level of physical activity was adequate.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an mHealth Intervention Combining a Smartphone App and Smart Band on Body Composition in an Overweight and Obese Population: Randomized Controlled Trial (EVIDENT 3 Study) (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽  
Maria Antonia Sanchez-Calavera ◽  
Irene Repiso-Gento ◽  
Esther G Adalia ◽  
J Ignacio Ramirez-Manent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled

BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) is currently among the supporting elements that may contribute to an improvement in health markers by helping people adopt healthier lifestyles. mHealth interventions have been widely reported to achieve greater weight loss than other approaches, but their effect on body composition remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the short-term (3 months) effectiveness of a mobile app and a smart band for losing weight and changing body composition in sedentary Spanish adults who are overweight or obese. METHODS A randomized controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted involving the participation of 440 subjects from primary care centers, with 231 subjects in the intervention group (IG; counselling with smartphone app and smart band) and 209 in the control group (CG; counselling only). Both groups were counselled about healthy diet and physical activity. For the 3-month intervention period, the IG was trained to use a smartphone app that involved self-monitoring and tailored feedback, as well as a smart band that recorded daily physical activity (Mi Band 2, Xiaomi). Body composition was measured using the InBody 230 bioimpedance device (InBody Co., Ltd), and physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS The mHealth intervention produced a greater loss of body weight (–1.97 kg, 95% CI –2.39 to –1.54) relative to standard counselling at 3 months (–1.13 kg, 95% CI –1.56 to –0.69). Comparing groups, the IG achieved a weight loss of 0.84 kg more than the CG at 3 months. The IG showed a decrease in body fat mass (BFM; –1.84 kg, 95% CI –2.48 to –1.20), percentage of body fat (PBF; –1.22%, 95% CI –1.82% to 0.62%), and BMI (–0.77 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI –0.96 to 0.57). No significant changes were observed in any of these parameters in men; among women, there was a significant decrease in BMI in the IG compared with the CG. When subjects were grouped according to baseline BMI, the overweight group experienced a change in BFM of –1.18 kg (95% CI –2.30 to –0.06) and BMI of –0.47 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI –0.80 to –0.13), whereas the obese group only experienced a change in BMI of –0.53 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI –0.86 to –0.19). When the data were analyzed according to physical activity, the moderate-vigorous physical activity group showed significant changes in BFM of –1.03 kg (95% CI –1.74 to –0.33), PBF of –0.76% (95% CI –1.32% to –0.20%), and BMI of –0.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI –0.83 to –0.19). CONCLUSIONS The results from this multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial study show that compared with standard counselling alone, adding a self-reported app and a smart band obtained beneficial results in terms of weight loss and a reduction in BFM and PBF in female subjects with a BMI less than 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and a moderate-vigorous physical activity level. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to ensure that this profile benefits more than others from this intervention and to investigate modifications of this intervention to achieve a global effect. CLINICALTRIAL Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03175614; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03175614. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.1097/MD.0000000000009633

CHD Risk Factors & Lifestyle parameters of Malaysian Adolescents.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Khaled Khalifa Doughman ◽  
Soh Kim Geok
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Chd Risk Factors ◽  
Malaysian Adolescents

A direct relationship exists between rising living standards and weight-gain/health-related problems. This has become increasingly widespread resulting from increases in socioeconomic development and changes in lifestyle, related to physical, and behavioral health. The purpose of this study is to determine and further evaluate the differences in physical activity level, dietary habits, sleeping duration, body composition, and fitness level between Malaysian adolescents at international and public schools, in relation to gender. Method: Two hundred and ten Malaysian students from international and public schools in Kuala Lumpur, male and female age 14-16 years old, participated in this study. Physical activity questionnaires were used to estimate the daily/weekly physical activities levels. Body composition was determined by percentile/age BMI and measurements to percent body fat. Fitness level was assessed by using the 20m shuttle run test.Results; females had higher percent body fat and BMI than males; females do more low intensity activities than males. There are differences on %fat, low intensity METS, and VO2 max between Malaysian student studying at public and international schools.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an mHealth Intervention Combining a Smartphone App and Smart Band on Body Composition in an Overweight and Obese Population: Randomized Controlled Trial (EVIDENT 3 Study)

10.2196/21771 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e21771
Author(s):  
Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽  
Maria Antonia Sanchez-Calavera ◽  
Irene Repiso-Gento ◽  
Esther G Adalia ◽  
J Ignacio Ramirez-Manent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background Mobile health (mHealth) is currently among the supporting elements that may contribute to an improvement in health markers by helping people adopt healthier lifestyles. mHealth interventions have been widely reported to achieve greater weight loss than other approaches, but their effect on body composition remains unclear. Objective This study aimed to assess the short-term (3 months) effectiveness of a mobile app and a smart band for losing weight and changing body composition in sedentary Spanish adults who are overweight or obese. Methods A randomized controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted involving the participation of 440 subjects from primary care centers, with 231 subjects in the intervention group (IG; counselling with smartphone app and smart band) and 209 in the control group (CG; counselling only). Both groups were counselled about healthy diet and physical activity. For the 3-month intervention period, the IG was trained to use a smartphone app that involved self-monitoring and tailored feedback, as well as a smart band that recorded daily physical activity (Mi Band 2, Xiaomi). Body composition was measured using the InBody 230 bioimpedance device (InBody Co., Ltd), and physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results The mHealth intervention produced a greater loss of body weight (–1.97 kg, 95% CI –2.39 to –1.54) relative to standard counselling at 3 months (–1.13 kg, 95% CI –1.56 to –0.69). Comparing groups, the IG achieved a weight loss of 0.84 kg more than the CG at 3 months. The IG showed a decrease in body fat mass (BFM; –1.84 kg, 95% CI –2.48 to –1.20), percentage of body fat (PBF; –1.22%, 95% CI –1.82% to 0.62%), and BMI (–0.77 kg/m2, 95% CI –0.96 to 0.57). No significant changes were observed in any of these parameters in men; among women, there was a significant decrease in BMI in the IG compared with the CG. When subjects were grouped according to baseline BMI, the overweight group experienced a change in BFM of –1.18 kg (95% CI –2.30 to –0.06) and BMI of –0.47 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.80 to –0.13), whereas the obese group only experienced a change in BMI of –0.53 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.86 to –0.19). When the data were analyzed according to physical activity, the moderate-vigorous physical activity group showed significant changes in BFM of –1.03 kg (95% CI –1.74 to –0.33), PBF of –0.76% (95% CI –1.32% to –0.20%), and BMI of –0.5 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.83 to –0.19). Conclusions The results from this multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial study show that compared with standard counselling alone, adding a self-reported app and a smart band obtained beneficial results in terms of weight loss and a reduction in BFM and PBF in female subjects with a BMI less than 30 kg/m2 and a moderate-vigorous physical activity level. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to ensure that this profile benefits more than others from this intervention and to investigate modifications of this intervention to achieve a global effect. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03175614; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03175614. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1097/MD.0000000000009633

Effects of a weight loss program on body composition and the metabolic profile in obese postmenopausal women displaying various obesity phenotypes: a MONET group study

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Normandin ◽  
Eric Doucet ◽  
Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret ◽  
Martin Brochu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Secondary Analyses

Obesity is a heterogeneous condition, since the metabolic profile may differ greatly from one individual to another. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a 6-month diet-induced weight loss program on body composition and the metabolic profile in obese individuals displaying different obesity phenotypes. Secondary analyses were done on 129 obese (% body fat: 46% ± 4%) postmenopausal women (age: 57 ± 4 years). Outcome measures included body composition, body fat distribution, glucose homeostasis, fasting lipids, and blood pressure. Obesity phenotypes were determined based on lean body mass (LBM) index (LBMI = LBM/height2) and visceral fat (VF) accumulation, as follows: 1, lower VF and lower LBMI (n = 35); 2, lower VF and higher LBMI (n = 19); 3, higher VF and lower LBMI (n = 14); and 4, higher VF and higher LBMI (n = 61). All groups had significantly improved measures of body composition after the intervention (P < 0.0001). Greater decreases in LBM and LBMI were observed in the higher LBMI groups than in the lower LBMI groups (P < 0.0001). Similarly, decreases in VF were greater in the higher VF groups than in the lower VF groups (P < 0.05). Overall, fasting insulin levels and glucose disposal improved following the intervention, with higher LBMI groups showing a trend for greater improvements (P = 0.06 and 0.07, respectively). Overall, no difference was observed among the different obesity phenotypes regarding improvements in the metabolic profile in response to weight loss. Individuals displaying higher VF or higher LBMI at baseline experienced significantly greater decreases for these variables after the intervention.

Examining the Relationship Between Physical Activity Intensity and Adiposity in Young Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Bailey ◽  
Pamela Borup ◽  
James D. LeCheminant ◽  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
Jacob Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Bod Pod ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
The Relationship

Background:The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between intensity of physical activity (PA) and body composition in 343 young women.Methods:Physical activity was objectively measured using accelerometers worn for 7 days in women 17 to 25 years. Body composition was assessed using the BOD POD.Results:Young women who spent less than 30 minutes a week performing vigorous PA had significantly higher body fat percentages than women who performed more than 30 minutes of vigorous PA per week (F = 4.54, P = .0113). Young women who spent less than 30 minutes per day in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) had significantly higher body fat percentages than those who obtained more than 30 minutes per day of MVPA (F = 7.47, P = .0066). Accumulating more than 90 minutes of MVPA per day was associated with the lowest percent body fat. For every 10 minutes spent in MVPA per day, the odds of having a body fat percentage above 32% decreased by 29% (P = .0002).Conclusion:Vigorous PA and MVPA are associated with lower adiposity. Young women should be encouraged to accumulate at least 30 minutes of MVPA per day, however getting more than 90 minutes a day is predictive of even lower levels of adiposity.

Serum Myostatin Levels Are Higher in Fitter, More Active, and Non-Frail Long-Term Nursing Home Residents and Increase after a Physical Exercise Intervention

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haritz Arrieta ◽  
Gotzone Hervás ◽  
Chloe Rezola-Pardo ◽  
Fátima Ruiz-Litago ◽  
Miren Iturburu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Activity Level

Background: Myostatin has been proposed as a candidate biomarker for frailty and sarcopenia. However, the relationship of myostatin with these conditions remains inconclusive. Objective: To determine the association of serum myostatin concentration with body composition, physical fitness, physical activity level, and frailty in long-term nursing home residents. We also aimed to ascertain the effect of an exercise program on myostatin levels. Methods: We obtained study data on 112 participants from long-term nursing homes. Participants were randomly assigned to a control or an intervention group and performed a 6-month multicomponent exercise program. Serum myostatin levels were analyzed by ELISA. Assessments also included body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance), physical fitness (Senior Fitness Test), physical activity level (accelerometry), and frailty (Fried frailty criteria, Clinical Frailty Scale, and Tilburg frailty indicator). Results: The concentration of myostatin at baseline was positively correlated with: a leaner body composition (p < 0.05), and a higher number of steps per day and light and moderate-vigorous physical activity in women (p < 0.005); greater upper and lower limb strength, endurance, and poorer flexibility (p < 0.05) in men; and better performance (less time) in the 8-ft timed up-and-go test in both women (p < 0.01) and men (p < 0.005). We observed higher concentrations of serum myostatin in non-frail than in frail participants (p < 0.05). Additionally, we found that the implemented physical exercise intervention, which was effective to improve physical fitness, increased myostatin concentration in men (p < 0.05) but not in women. The improvements in physical condition were related with increases in serum myostatin only in men (p < 0.05–0.01). Conclusions: Higher serum levels of myostatin were found to be associated with better physical fitness. The improvements in physical fitness after the intervention were positively related to increases in myostatin concentrations in men. These results seem to rule out the idea that high serum myostatin levels are indicative of frailty in long-term nursing home residents. However, although the direction of association was opposite to that expected for the function of myostatin, the use of this protein as a biomarker for physical fitness, rather than frailty, merits further study.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Composition, Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Pulmonary Status in Adolescents and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Scully ◽  
Laura T. Jay ◽  
Steven Freedman ◽  
Gregory S. Sawicki ◽  
Ahmet Uluer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Measures of body fat and lean mass may better predict important clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) than body mass index (BMI). Little is known about how diet quality and exercise may impact body composition in these patients. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition, 24-h dietary recall, and physical activity were assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of 38 adolescents and adults with CF and 19 age-, race-, and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Compared with the healthy volunteers, participants with CF had a lower appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), despite no observed difference in BMI, and their diets consisted of higher glycemic index foods with a greater proportion of calories from fat and a lower proportion of calories from protein. In participants with CF, pulmonary function positively correlated with measures of lean mass, particularly ALMI, and negatively correlated with multiple measures of body fat after controlling for age, gender, and BMI. Higher physical activity levels were associated with greater ALMI and lower body fat. In conclusion, body composition measures, particularly ALMI, may better predict key clinical outcomes in individuals with CF than BMI. Future longitudinal studies analyzing the effect of dietary intake and exercise on body composition and CF-specific clinical outcomes are needed.

scholarly journals Is the impact of adiposity on taste perceptions moderated by chronic physical activity? An overview of the data from NHANES 2013-2014.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre-Charles Gauthier ◽  
Marie-Eve Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Tip Test ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Taste is a key sensory modulator of eating behaviour and thus energy intake. The effects of acute exercise has recently been confirmed especially regarding sweet and salty tastes. Physical activity is a safe and effective countermeasure to certain types of chemosensory losses, especially in older populations. Knowing that taste can be impaired with increased adiposity, it is unknown if the adoption of an active lifestyle on a regular basis can mitigate such impairments. Methods Data were extracted from NHANES 2013-2014 database. Perception of salt and bitter tastes for Tongue Tip Test and Whole Mouth Test, physical activity levels over an 8-9-day period and adiposity were analyzed. Moderation analyses were used to study the impact of adiposity on taste perceptions, with physical activity level as the moderator. Results The 197 participants (130 males) included in this project had a mean+/-standard deviation age of 49.1+/-5.2 years, a mean body fat percentage of 31.7+/-7.6% and mean daily physical activity levels of 11 084+/-3531 Monitor-Independent Movement Summary unit (MIMS). The positive association between adiposity and both bitter Tongue Tip Test and overall result (salt+bitter) of Tongue Tip Test were moderated by the adoption of an active lifestyle, with better taste scores observed in individuals achieving higher physical activity levels. When moderation analysis were stratified by gender, the effect of physical activity was no longer significant. Perspectives This study is the first to evaluate the influence of an active lifestyle on the preservation of some taste perceptions across a wide range of adiposity levels. While differences in taste can be observed regarding body fat percentage, physical activity moderates that relation only when men and women are analysed together.

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