Low Consumption of Vegetables Is Associated with Postpartum Depression: A Cross Section Study

Abstract Objectives Postpartum depression (PPD) is a critical public health concern, giving negative effects on women health and child development. Recently, diet quality has emerged as a possible preventative measure in ameliorating PPD, however the evidence-base exploring this association is immature. The aim of this study was to examine the association between consumption of food groups and depression of postpartum women within 2 years. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 554 postpartum women who set up files after delivery within 2 years at 10 community health service centers in Beijing from July to September 2017. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) and a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used to measure the status of depression and the consumption of food groups. The association of certain food groups with PPD were estimated by logistic regression. Results A total of 163 women (29.4%) were depressed above the EPDS cut-off score (≥13 scores). Lower consumption of vegetables and fruits were found in 59.0% and 63.5% of postpartum women separately. Meanwhile, higher consumption of meat and eggs were found in 68.6% and 63.4% of postpartum women separately. After statistical adjustment for age and society correlation factors, low consumption of vegetables (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–3.38) was significantly associated with PPD. Conclusions Low consumption of vegetables was associated with PPD. Funding Sources This study was funded by grants from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences.

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Poor Dietary Diversity Is Associated With Postpartum Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab046_133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 836-836

Author(s):

Jian Zhao

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Postpartum Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Postpartum depression (PPD), a major maternal health concern, gives negative effects on women health, child development and family well-being. Recently, diet quality has emerged as a possible preventative measure in ameliorating PPD, however the evidence-base exploring this association is immature. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between diet diversity and depression of postpartum women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 554 postpartum women who set up files after delivery within 2 years at 10 community health service centers in Beijing from July to September 2017. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) in Chinese version was used to access the status of depression. Dietary intake was determined using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnairea (FFQ). Dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated based on scoring to the eight-food groups with frequency according to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines (2016). DDS ranged from 0–32, and was classified into two groups: low (≤26.5) and high (>26.5). Logistic regression models were used to estimate relationships between DDS and PPD. Results A total of 163 women (29.4%) were depressed above the EPDS cut-off score (≥ 13 scores). Mean (±-s.d.) of DDS was 27.9 ± 3.4. 28.7% of the subjects (n = 159) had low DDS and 71.3% (n = 481) had high DDS. After statistical adjustment for age and society correlation factors, lower DDS was significantly associated with PPD ([aOR] = 1.81, 95% [CI] = 1.13 - 2.89). Conclusions The present study found that low DDS, which means poor dietary diversity was associated with PPD in Chinese women after delivery within 2 years. Funding Sources This study was funded by grants from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-2-007).

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Is there a relationship between gestational diabetes and postpartum depression?

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404816999200918115133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Salman Khazaei ◽

Erfan Ayubi ◽

Saeid Bashirian ◽

Ronak Hamzehei ◽

Ensiyeh Jenabi

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Education ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Background: The relationship between gestational diabetes and postpartum depression (PPD) is poorly understood and seldom studied. Objective: In an effort to explore this issue, the present study investigated the relationship between gestational diabetes and PPD. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed with 342 women who were referred to four urban health centers of Hamadan city, west of Iran. We used convenience sampling as a method to recruit women in each health center. We used a researcher-made checklist for gathering data on socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors of PPD. The Persian validated version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess PPD. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]). Results: Gestational diabetes was identified as the most important risk factor for PPD with OR (95% CI) of 2.19 (1.11, 4.31); P-value=0.02 after adjusting for other variables. Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio showed that PPD among lesseducated women (primary school) was 3.5 times higher compared to women with a university education (OR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.27, 9.84; P-value=0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that PPD is more likely among women with gestational diabetes and those who were less educated. Interventional and educational activities for reducing the risk of PPD can be targeted for use with this population.

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A focus on postpartum depression among Jordanian mothers

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/00207640211000100 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002076402110001

Author(s):

Esra’ O Taybeh

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Marital Conflict ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Unplanned Pregnancies

Background: The magnitude of postpartum depression in Jordan is under documented, and little is known about its potential sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors associated with postpartum depression among Jordanian mothers in the first 18 months after delivery. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from April to June 2020 in Jordan. A web-based survey was used for recruiting eligible participants. An Arabic version of the validated self-administered Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire was used to measure postpartum depression with a cut-off score of ⩾12 which indicates probable depression. Results: A total of 1,071 Jordanian women participated in the study. Of those, 567 women had postpartum depression (52.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that postpartum depression was significantly associated with marital conflict (OR: 4.91; 95% CI: 2.36–10.20), negative attitude from the pregnancy (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.45–0.99), unplanned pregnancies (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.16–2.60), lack of social support (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.12–3.32), time from last delivery (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–1.00), insomnia (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35–0.82), and depression during the pregnancy (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33–0.78). Most of the participants (65.7%) sought social support to avoid, reduce, or treat postpartum depression. Conclusions: Postpartum depression among Jordanian women was the highest in comparison to that of women in other countries in the region. Therefore, screening for the presence of depressive symptoms should be implemented during regular pregnancy care visits. Social support should be encouraged in order to avoid, reduce, or treat postpartum depression.

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Relationship between postpartum depression and lactation status at a Japanese perinatal center: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20704.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1845 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shunji Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Perinatal Center ◽

Feeding Methods

Background: Some studies have demonstrated that breastfeeding can protect mothers from postpartum depression; therefore, we examined the association between postpartum depression and lactation status at one month after delivery at a Japanese perinatal center. Methods: We reviewed the obstetric records of all (total 809) nulliparous healthy women with vaginal singleton delivery at 37-41 weeks’ gestation at our institute between July 2018 and June 2019. A face-to-face interview with the women was conducted on admission for delivery to ask whether or not they hoped to perform exclusive breastfeeding for their babies, and an additional interview was conducted one month after delivery to ask about their feeding methods currently. Maternal mental status was examined based on the scores using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and women with EPDS scores of ≥9 points were regarded as ‘positive screening’. Results: 592 women (73.1%) hoped to perform exclusive breastfeeding for their babies on admission. Of these, at one month, 442 (74.7%) performed exclusive breastfeeding, while 150 (25.3%) performed mixed or artificial feeding. The average EPDS scores and the incidence of EPDS scores ≥9 points in the women performing exclusive breastfeeding were 4.3 ± 3.6 and 14.3% (63/442), respectively. They did not differ from those in the women performing mixed or artificial breast feeding [4.2 ± 3.7, p = 0.60 and 13.3% (20/150), p = 0.78]. Conclusion: Development of postpartum depression does not seem to be associated with incomplete breastfeeding at our hospital, and therefore there are other risk factors indicated in the development of postpartum depression.

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Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.360 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S362-S362 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. F Cherif ◽

I. Feki ◽

R. Sellami ◽

D. Trigui ◽

I. Baâti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Almost All

IntroductionChildbirth represents for women a time of vulnerability to postpartum mood disorders. These disorders range in severity from the early maternal blues to postpartum psychosis. Along this spectrum is postpartum depression (PPD) that may have many risk factors.ObjectivesThe study aims to examine the prevalence of PPD and associated risk factors among a sample of Tunisian women receiving cares in the hospital of Sfax.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study regarding 150 parturients examined during the first and the sixth week post-delivery. The EPDS (Edinburgh postnatal depression scale) was used to assess PPD.ResultsThe total sample had a mean age of 29.61 years. During the sixth week study period, 126 of 150 were examined. Almost all of the women have a low school level (82.7%). Only 9.3% had a personal psychiatric history. Multiparity was found in 43.3% of cases. The current pregnancy was undesired in 15.3% of cases. Sympathetic signs of pregnancy were reported by 64.7% of women. The prevalence of PPD in the first week was 14.7% and 19.8% in the sixth week after delivery. The PPD was associated with the maternal age (> 35 years), the low school level, the existence of mood personal background, the parity, the difficulty to accept the pregnancy and sympathetic signs of pregnancy.ConclusionPostpartum depression is common on our sample. Identifying risk factors of PPD allows clinicians to detect subgroups of women with an increased vulnerability who might receive early psychiatric care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Prevalence of Postpartum Depression Among Lactating Mothers of Infant Twins and Singletons in Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab046_071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 774-774

Author(s):

Oluwatosin Leshi ◽

Christianna Rotimi-Williams ◽

Olajumoke Leshi

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Breastfeeding Practices ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

The Mean ◽

Source Of Information

Abstract Objectives The objective to assess the prevalence of postpartum depression among lactating mothers of infant twins and singletons in Igboora, Oyo state, Nigeria. Methods The cross-sectional study was carried out in Igboora, a twinning community in south western Nigeria. Snowballing technique was used to reach 85 and 90 mothers of twins and singletons respectively. Interview based questionnaires were administered to the mothers to assess their breastfeeding practices and Edingburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was used to assess depression. Analysis was done using IBM-SPSS version 21.0. Student T-test was be used to compare the mean score of postpartum depression for single mothers and twin mothers at p < 0.05. Results About 6 out of every ten respondents (55.6% for singleton; 64.7% for twins) had received previous education on breastfeeding and the main major source of information was hospital settings (55.6% for mothers of singletons and 61.2% for twin mothers). Twenty-seven and 36.5% of mothers of singletons and twins respectively indicated to have received adequate support from their spouses and mothers-in-law. Less than half (44.8% singletons; 44.7% twins) of the mothers-initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth while majority of the mothers (94.4% for singletons and 83.5% for twins) introduced colostrum to their babies, just about half; 51.1% and 55.3% of the mothers of singletons and twins respectively introduced prelacteal feed to their children. Overall, breastfeeding was found to be better practiced among mothers of singletons than mothers of twins with less than half (48.2%) of the mothers reporting good breastfeeding practices while about two-thirds (64.4%) of the mothers of singletons had good breastfeeding practices. Mothers of singletons were more depressed than the mothers of twins (21.1% and 11.8% respectively). However, no significant association was observed between postpartum depression and breastfeeding practices among both the mothers of singletons and twins in this study. Conclusions Increased prevalence of postpartum depression was recorded among the respondents, mothers of singletons are more likely to have postpartum depression than mothers of twins. Funding Sources There was no funding for this study.

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Determination of the Prevalence of Postpartum Depression and Risk Factors Among Postpartum Patients at a Tertiary Government Urban Hospital Using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-Filipino Translation (EPDS-F): A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34244/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Carmina Lorenzana Santiago ◽

Maria Antonia Esteban Habana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in 10-15% of deliveries worldwide. Unfortunately there is a dearth of local studies on its exact prevalence. Method This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for PPD among postpartum patients at a tertiary government hospital using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-Filipino Translation (EPDS-F), a 10-point questionnaire translated into Filipino and previously validated. Four hundred patients within 8 weeks postpartum were recruited and their EPDS-F scores and sociodemographic, medical and personal history, and delivery and perinatal outcome data were obtained. Results The overall prevalence of PPD was 14.5%, which is within the known worldwide prevalence. Among those that had family incomes below PhP10,000, the proportion that had high EPDS-F scores was 68.8%, while those that had low EPDS-F scores was 48.8% (significant at p=0.001). Among those that finished below tertiary education, the proportion that had high EPDS-F scores was 81%, while those that had low EPDS-F scores was 59.9% (significant at p=0.002). Among those who delivered vaginally, 62.1% had high EPDS-F scores vs 44.2% low EPDS-F (p=0.03). Of those that had epidural anesthesia (106 or 26.5%), 44.8% had high EPDS scores and 26.0% had low EPDS-F scores (p=0.04). Regression analysis showed that having an abdominal delivery is correlated with a lower EPDS-F score by 0.87% by logistic regression and 0.46 % by probit regression. Having a higher educational attainment and monthly income are associated with a lower EPDS-F score by regression analysis. Conclusions The prevalence may be skewed because a tertiary government institution caters to delicate pregnancies and those in low socioeconomic brackets. It may be worthwhile to compare responses from a public versus a private institution, also urban versus rural areas. It would be interesting also to evaluate the mode of delivery variable and how exactly it correlates with the development of postpartum depression.

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Postpartum Depression and its Associated Factors: A Community-based Study in Nepal

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v0i0.1635 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 200-205

Author(s):

Anisha Chalise ◽

Tulsi Ram Bhandari

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Economic Status ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Family Care ◽

Postpartum Women ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Postpartum depression is a type of mental disorder associated with childbirth during pregnancy or within the first postpartum year. It is reported as a common psychological health problem affecting 10-15% of women worldwide. The duration of postpartum depression frequently depends on its severity and the time of initiation of treatment. This study assessed depression and its associated factors among postpartum period women of Godavari municipality, Lalitpur, Nepal.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale among 195 mothers who were within six months of the postpartum period. The chi-square and logistic regression were applied to establish the association between postpartum depression and associated factors. Results: Out of the total 195 postpartum women, 37(19%) women suffered from depression and out of those women 2.1% had suicidal thoughts. Among the associated factors, education, occupation, the intent of pregnancy, family support and pregnancy-related problems/complications were found to be significantly associated with Postpartum depression (p<0.05). Conclusions: Nearly one-fifth postpartum women suffered from some type of depression. It is one of the public health concerns which directly or indirectly corresponds to the socio-economic condition of the women. The improved education and economic status of women, intention of pregnancy, family care and support during pregnancy and the postpartum period and early diagnosis and management of health problems could reduce the magnitude of the postpartum depression. Keywords: Associated factors of postpartum depression; edinburg postpartum depression scale; Nepal; postpartum depression.

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Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression among postnatal women in Lagos, Nigeria

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v20i4.53 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1943-54

Author(s):

Adeyemo EO ◽

Oluwole EO ◽

Kanma-Okafor OJ ◽

Izuka OM ◽

Odeyemi KA

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Predictors ◽

Postnatal Women ◽

Primary Health Care Centers

Background: Globally, postpartum depression is one of the most common but often unrecognized complications of childbirth, yearly affecting about 10–15% of postnatal women. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression and its predictors among postnatal women in Lagos. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 mothers in Eti-Osa Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria, attending six Primary Health Care centers for infant immunization at six weeks post-delivery. Data was collected using a pretested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire which included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23TM. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations and predictive relationships between various factors and the presence of postpartum depression. The level of significance was set at <0.05. Results: The prevalence of postpartum depression was 35.6%. Multiparity, delivery by cesarean section, mother being unwell after delivery, and not exclusively breastfeeding the baby were the factors linked with postpartum depression. Following multiple logistic regression, having postpartum blues (p=0.000; OR=32.77; 95%CI=7.23-148.58)., not getting help with caring for the baby (p=0.008; OR=2.64; 95%CI=1.29-5.42), experiencing intimate partner violence (p=0.000; OR=5.2; 95%CI=2.23-11.91) and having an unsupportive partner (p=0.018; OR=2.6; 95%CI=1.17-5.78) were identified as predic- tors of postpartum depression. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of postpartum depression, identifying both the obstetric and psycho- social predictors. Social support for women both in the pre- and postnatal periods and routine screening of women for postpartum depression should be encouraged for early detection and immediate intervention. Keywords: Postpartum depression; PPD; Eti-Osa; postnatal women; Lagos.

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Incidence and predictors of postpartum depression among postpartum mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259782

Author(s):

Mohd Izzuddin Hairol ◽

Sha’ari Ahmad ◽

Sharanjeet Sharanjeet-Kaur ◽

Lei Hum Wee ◽

Fauziah Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Household Income ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Clinic ◽

Kuala Lumpur ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽

Postpartum Mothers

Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the mental health complications that may arise following childbirth. This cross-sectional study explores the association between socioeconomic factors and PPD literacy with PPD incidence in 350 participants (mean age: 30.58±4.72 years) at one to six months postpartum, who attended the Kuala Lumpur Health Clinic from May to October 2020. PPD incidence and literacy were assessed using the validated Malay versions of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLiS), respectively. The participants’ socioeconomic characteristics were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square tests were performed to determine the association between these factors and PPD incidence. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratios (OR). The incidence of postpartum depressive symptoms was 14.29%. Those with low household income were twice likely to have PPD symptoms (OR:2.58, 95% CI:1.23–5.19; p = 0.01) than those with higher incomes. Unemployment (i.e., participants who were housewives/homemakers) was associated with higher PPD incidence (Χ2(2, 350) = 6.97, p = 0.03), but it was not a significant PPD predictor. In conclusion, PPD incidence in the sample of Kuala Lumpur postpartum mothers is significantly associated with low household income. Other socioeconomic characteristics, including PPD literacy, were not significant predictors of PPD incidence.

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