scholarly journals Stunting Distribution in Mexico, An Unsolved Problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1391-1391
Author(s):  
Lucia Cuevas-Nasu ◽  
Teresa Shamah-Levy ◽  
MarcoAntonio Avila Arcos ◽  
Luz María Gómez-Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
The South ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Children Development

Abstract Objectives To update the stunting prevalence among Mexican preschool children and its association with socio demographic variables and social development programs. Results from National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018 (ENSANUT 2018). Methods ENSANUT-2018 is a national survey based on a multistage, stratified design. It is representative of the urban and rural areas and the four regions of Mexico: north, central, south and Mexico City and is comparable with the national surveys conducted in Mexico since 1988. In 2018, the sample consisted of 3868 preschool-age children (9 million 738 thousand subjects aged 0–4 years). Measurements included weight and height. The stunting, low weight and wasting (<−2 SD of z-score) prevalence's were obtained according to OMS 2006. Prevalences were adjusted for study design. Results Currently in Mexico, the stunting prevalence is 16.3%, that represent a million and a half of preschool children in such condition. In 2012 this cipher was three percentage points lower (13.6%). Low weight and wasting are at present 5.0% and 1.4% respectively. In rural localities from the south region of the Country stunting prevalence is 20%. In 40% of the households with low or very low Socioeconomic Index (NSE) a stunted preschool child lives. To inhabit in rural localities from the south of the country and live in a household with low NSE is positively associated with stunting in Mexico. Conclusions Mexico shows a slight increase of the stunting prevalence in contrast with the seen on previous decades. Chronical malnutrition is a risk factor for health, survival and children development, due to this, efforts must be enhanced for its control and prevention. Funding Sources Supported by Ministry of Health, Mexico.

THEODORE LEVIN, The Hundred Thousand Fools of God: Musical Travels in Central Asia (and Queens, New York) (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1996, repr. 1999). Pp. 335.

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-322
Author(s):  
OWEN WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The South ◽  
Indiana University ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
Travel Accounts

As the first general introduction to the musical worlds of the successor states to Soviet Central Asia, this admirable work fills an important gap. Moreover, it does so in an individual and highly attractive way, eschewing the would-be objectivity of a dryly analytical monograph in favor of a looser framework of travel accounts, each rich in specific and revelatory detail but, at the same time, developing a series of thematic constants. To cover all of Central Asia in this way would have been an impossible task, however, and what we are presented with is in essence an exploration of widely separated and contrasting urban and rural areas of Uzbekistan supplemented by forays into northern Tajikistan. Beginning in Tashkent, the itinerary proceeds successively through Bukhara, Surxandarya, and Qashkandarya in the south, and Khorezm; then to Tajikistan (the Upper Zaravshan and Yagnâb, and Shahristan); and finally (following the fortunes of Bukharan Jewish émigré musicians) to New York.

scholarly journals Change of Stunting, Wasting and Overweight Among Children Under 5 in China During 2000–2010 (P11-099-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Si ◽  
Yuying Wang ◽  
Suying Chang ◽  
Wenhua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Objectives To describe the change of children under 5 years old that are stunted, wasted or overweight without overlapping status in China during 2000–2010. Methods Data from 2000, 2005, and 2010 were sourced from the National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. About 16 000 children under 5 years old were selected using a stratified random cluster method from 40 surveillance sites. Anthropometric measurements for children under 5 were conducted. Nutritional status was determined according to WHO child growth standards (2006).Stunting, wasting and overweight is defined as HAZ < -2 SD, WHZ < -2 SD and WHZ > + 2SD respectively. Results The prevalence of wasting only remained less than 3%(2.05%, 2.55%, and 2.03%); the prevalence of stunting only declined from 18.70% in 2000 to 8.77% in 2010; the prevalence of overweight only increased from 2.56% in 2000 to 5.62% in 2010; the prevalence of stunting, wasting or overweight declined from 24.55% in 2000 to 17.60% in 2010; the same trends were found in urban and rural areas during 2000–2010. Conclusions The prevalence of stunting is decreasing, and childhood overweight has increased dramatically in China that need for effective interventions. Funding Sources Unicef China Office; Ministry of Science and Technology, Special survey of basic science and technology resources 2017FY101107.

scholarly journals Differential Association of Cereal Intake Patterns with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among the Adults in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1504-1504
Author(s):  
Zhihong Wang ◽  
Qiumin Huang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Liusen Wang ◽  
Hongru Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Objectives This study examined the association between cereal intake patterns and major CM risk factors among Chinese adults. Methods We linked the dietary intake and covariates measured in China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2011 with CM risk factors measured in CHNS 2015 among 4706 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years. Dietary intake was calculated based on the data collected by consecutive 3 d 24 h recalls combined with the weighing of household seasonings. We performed multivariable logistic regressions to analyze the association of each 2011 cereal and its subtypes intake with the major CM risk factors. Results After we adjusted for potential confounders, intake levels of total cereal, rice and its products and refined grains were associated with the prevalence of elevated TG. Intake levels of wheat and its products were positively associated with the prevalence of abdominal obesity and overweight, whereas were inversely associated with the prevalence of lipid-related factors, elevated BP and elevated FG. Adults with the top tertile of the intake of whole grains showed lower OR of elevated LDL-C (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46–0.88), along with the intake of 50.00 to 150.00 g/day (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.96). Conclusions Associations with the major CM risk factors varied across cereal subtypes. Rice, wheat and their products, and refined grains were positively associated with elevated TG; Coarse grains and whole grains did not show the similar impacts on major CM risk factors. Funding Sources The CHNS is funded by the National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Carolina Population Center (5 R24 HD050924), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; the National Institutes of Health (R01-HD30880, DK056350, R24 HD050924, R01-HD38700); the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (5D43TW007709 and 5D43TW009077); and the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China, the China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study (13,103,110,700,015,005).

scholarly journals Population and prevalence of hypertension in different regions of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Wang Jie ◽  
Yang Kun ◽  
Dong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Spatial Difference ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the Chinese population. The study analyzes the differences of hypertension in different regions in China from space, analyzes the influencing factors of the disease, and the spatial distribution of different populations. The data comes from CHARLS Harmonize. 22,310 interviewees were selected to respond effectively. Single-factor chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the factors affecting hypertension. BMI, urban and rural areas, jogging 1KM, smoking, drink, gender, education status, public medical insurance and hypertension chi-square test are significant, BMI (OR=1.193 95%CI 1.182~1.203), age (OR =1.049, 95%CI 1.045~1.053). There is a spatial difference in the prevalence of hypertension in China, which provides a spatial reference for the control and prevention of different regions, so as to better prevent and treat patients with hypertension. Keywords: hypertension, spatial difference, CHARLS data

Mental Health of Preschool Children and their Mothers in a Mixed Urban/Rural Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. J. Thompson ◽  
Jim Stevenson ◽  
Edmund Sonuga-Barke ◽  
Peter Nott ◽  
Zam Bhatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Child Behaviour ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Mental Disturbance ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Activity Scale ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

BackgroundThe prevalence rate of behaviour problems and maternal mental disturbance was estimated using a sample of 1047 families with a 3-year-old child from a mixed urban/rural area.MethodParents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist, EAS Temperament Questionnaire, Weiss–Werry–Peters Activity Scale and the GHQ–30.ResultsThe rate of behaviour problems (13.2%) was similar to that obtained in studies of urban children. The rate of maternal disturbance (27.6%) was lower than in other population samples. Few differences were found in the prevalence rates in the urban and rural areas.ConclusionsPreschool children and their parents living in non-urban areas had the same rates of problems as those in conurbations. The service needs of such families are similar regardless of locality.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants of anaemia in preschool children in Uttar Pradesh: evidence from NFHS-4 survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4461
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Bal Kishan Gulati ◽  
Damodar Sahu ◽  
Varsha Ranjan ◽  
M. V. Vardhana Rao
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: In India, 89 million preschool children (6-59 months) suffer from anaemia. As per NFHS-4, the prevalence of anaemia in Uttar Pradesh was 63.2%. A study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among preschool children and to examine rural-urban differentials and association of socioeconomic determinants with anaemia. The secondary data of the National Family Health Survey-4 conducted in the year 2015-16 was used.Methods: The prevalence of anaemia was calculated and chi-square test and binary logistic regression was carried out to identify the association between anaemia status and socioeconomic factors.Results: Results show that 78% and 77% children in 12-23 months age group were anaemic in urban and rural areas respectively. Around 72% and 65% children whose mothers had no formal education were anaemic in urban and rural areas respectively. Around 73% of children belonging to poorest wealth index in urban areas and 64% belonging to poorer wealth index in rural areas were anaemic. Around 70% children whose mothers had anaemia were anaemic in both urban and rural areas of the state.Conclusions: The association between anaemia in preschool children and different socioeconomic variables was profound.  Educational status of mother and anaemia in mothers have a significant role in reduction of anaemia.  The socioeconomic conditions of households, education level of mothers and their anaemia status need to be improved to reduce anaemia in preschool children in Uttar Pradesh and it requires immediate attention of planners and policy makers.

scholarly journals Injury In Preschool-Age Children: A Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 231-5
Author(s):  
Achmad Surjono ◽  
Soenarto Sastrowijoto ◽  
Siswanto Agus Wilopo ◽  
Harun Rusito
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Health Education Program ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Two Stages

A study on the type and frequency of injuries in preschool-age children was conducted in a sample of households representing population of Purworejo district. A two stages cluster (wilcah) method was used to select 4.354 preschool-age children living in 12,721 households in the district. The mother or other child caretakers provided responses about injuries occurring during the 3 months period to interview. Injuries among these preschool-age children included trauma by cutting or sharp object (6.5%), falls (5.7%), bums (0.6%), bites (0.4%), traffic accident (0.4%), unconsciousness (0.2%) and poisoning (0 .1 %). The typical injury in under the 12 months olds was falls. Children aged 12 to 23 month accounted for 18% of the injury episodes which were typical fall and trauma. Children aged 24 to 59 months accounted for 76.6% of injury episodes which were typically trauma, falls, bums, bites and traffic accident. No statistical differences in the frequency and type on injuries were observed between urban and rural areas. The relative frequency in age-grouped and type of injuries from this population-based study can be used in planning injury prevention especially for family health education program.

scholarly journals Food consumption and nutritional and biochemical status of 0·5–12-year-old Indonesian children: the SEANUTS study

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (S3) ◽  
pp. S11-S20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandjaja Sandjaja ◽  
Basuki Budiman ◽  
Heryudarini Harahap ◽  
Fitrah Ernawati ◽  
Moesijanti Soekatri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Indonesia is currently facing the double burden of malnutrition. While undernutrition is still a major public health problem, the prevalence of overnutrition is increasing. The objective of the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) was to provide up-to-date data on nutritional status, food consumption and biochemical parameters related to nutrition for children aged 0·5–12 years. The SEANUTS study in Indonesia was conducted in a nationwide representative sample of 7·211 children using multistage cluster sampling based on probability proportional to size, stratified for geographical location, in forty-eight out of 440 districts/cities. The results show that the growth (weight for age, height for age, weight for height and BMI for age) of Indonesian pre-school- and school-aged children is below the WHO standards. The older the children, the more the deviation from the WHO standard curves. Underweight was more prevalent in rural areas (28·9 v. 19·2 %) and overweight/obesity was observed to be more widespread in urban areas (5·6 v. 3·2 %). The prevalence varied with age groups and sexes. The overall prevalence of stunting was 25·2 and 39·2 % in urban and rural areas, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was nearly 55 % in children aged 0·5–1·9 years and ranged from 10·6 to 15·5 % in children aged 2–12 years. Fe deficiency was observed in 4·1–8·8 % of the children. The percentage of children with dietary intakes of energy, protein, and vitamins A and C below the Indonesian RDA was high and differed across urban and rural areas and age groups.

scholarly journals Haematological Status of Preschool and School-Age Children in Urban and Rural Areas of Guatemala

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Romero-Abal ◽  
Jesús Bulux ◽  
Ivan Mendoza ◽  
Carlos Grazioso ◽  
Noel W. Solomons
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

We studied the prevalence of low haematocrit values (defined as <38%) in 1,253 children from urban and rural areas of Guatemala, to examine any urban-rural or age-related trends. Though the crude prevalences of low haematocrit for all the children showed a significant difference between urban and rural residents, the significance disappeared when these values were adjusted for differences in the age profiles of the two groups. As expected, preschool children had significantly more low haematocrits (32.0%) than school-age children (6.0%) (p < .05). Ferritin levels were available for 35.9% of the preschool children (one urban and one rural location); of these, 51.8% had levels below 12 mg/l, indicating iron deficiency. These values were used to determine the predictive value of haematocrit compared with ferritin values, and the cut-off at which haematocrit reaches optimum sensitivity and specificity to diagnose iron depletion. A cut-off of 39% had a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 45% in urban preschoolers, and a cut-off of 38% had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 42% in rural preschoolers.

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