scholarly journals Population and prevalence of hypertension in different regions of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Wang Jie ◽  
Yang Kun ◽  
Dong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Spatial Difference ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the Chinese population. The study analyzes the differences of hypertension in different regions in China from space, analyzes the influencing factors of the disease, and the spatial distribution of different populations. The data comes from CHARLS Harmonize. 22,310 interviewees were selected to respond effectively. Single-factor chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the factors affecting hypertension. BMI, urban and rural areas, jogging 1KM, smoking, drink, gender, education status, public medical insurance and hypertension chi-square test are significant, BMI (OR=1.193 95%CI 1.182~1.203), age (OR =1.049, 95%CI 1.045~1.053). There is a spatial difference in the prevalence of hypertension in China, which provides a spatial reference for the control and prevention of different regions, so as to better prevent and treat patients with hypertension. Keywords: hypertension, spatial difference, CHARLS data

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Differences in Stroke Types, Risk Factors, Severity and Prognosis in Babol, Northern Iran

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Saadat ◽  
Alijan Ahmadi Ahangar ◽  
Soraya Khafri ◽  
Mandana Kalantar ◽  
Azin Dariaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Patients

Introduction: Stroke recognized as the third most common cause of death. Stroke survivors often suffer a large amount of physical and mental disability. Due to assess difference between stroke types, progression and distribution of risk factors according to residential status, to get the correct information for prevention planning and management, this study was conducted. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study on stroke patient from 2016 to 2017 that admitted to Ayatollah Rohani Hospital of Babol was conducted. Type of stroke, their severity, risk factors, and urban or rural area of residence of patients were recorded in the checklist. The chi-square test was used to compare frequencies of gender, and stroke risk assessment between the urban and rural residents. Binary logistic regression modeling was used to estimate the association of risk factors with living in urban and rural areas. The results were expressed as multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs). A two-sided p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All data analyses were performed, using SPSS statistical analysis software. Results: Of 241 stroke patients, 133 patients (55 %) were female and 213 patients (88.4 %) were  ischemic.  Also,  140 cases were (58  %)  rural.  Embolic strokes more in urban population and thrombotic strokes were more in rural populations. Hyperlipidemia was more in urban than rural p = 0.01. Severity of stroke in admission time (p = 0.03) and at discharge (p = 0.005) was more in rural than urban. The mortality was higher in rural 12 (8.6) vs. 2 (2) urban resident,( p = 0.03). Conclusion: Rural patients had more severity, thrombotic type and mortality than urban. Suitable policy regard to residential parameter is suggested.

scholarly journals Prevalence, patterns and correlates of smokeless tobacco use in Nigerian adults: An analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245114
Author(s):  
Ikenna Onoh ◽  
Oluwatomi Owopetu ◽  
Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba ◽  
Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo ◽  
Tukur Dahiru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The South ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction The global tobacco epidemic contributes to more than 8 million deaths annually. However, most tobacco control interventions have been driven by an emphasis on smoked tobacco. Globally and more so in Nigeria, less attention has been paid to the similarly harmful smokeless tobacco (SLT) whose use appeals to a different demography. We examined the prevalence, patterns of use and correlates of SLT in Nigerian adults to guide targeted control efforts. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2012 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data. We obtained data on 9,765 non-institutionalised adults aged 15 years and older. Variables included current SLT use, sociodemographic characteristics and perceived harm of SLT use. We used Chi-square test to examine associations and binary logistic regression to assess predictors of current SLT use. All analyses were conducted with sample-weighted data. Results The prevalence of current SLT use was 1.9% of all adults. About 1.4% were daily users. The main types were snuff by nose (1.6%) and snuff by mouth (0.8%). There were higher odds of current SLT use for those in the South-East region (aOR = 13.99; 95% CI: 4.45–43.95), rural area residents (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.04–2.35), males (aOR = 4.43; 95% CI: 2.75–7.11), the 45–64 years age-group (aOR = 10.00; 95% CI: 4.12–24.29), those with no formal education (aOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.01–7.05), and those with no perception of harm from SLT use (aOR = 3.81, 95% CI: 2.61–5.56). Conclusion The prevalence of SLT use among Nigerian adults was low with clearly identified predictors. While a majority were aware of harm from SLT use, an unacceptably high proportion remain unaware. We recommended targeted interventions to increase awareness of the harmful effects of SLT use especially among residents of the South-East, those in rural areas, males, and individuals with no formal education. We also recommended a follow-up survey.

INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF VARIOUS PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENT OF TEACHING BASED HOSPITAL ONGOLE: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
T. Josna T. Josna ◽  
N. Rajesh N. Rajesh ◽  
K. Naga Sindhura K. Naga Sindhura ◽  
K. Hema Ravali K. Hema Ravali ◽  
N. Uma Jyothi N. Uma Jyothi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Department

Background: Psychiatric disorders are known to vary across time within the same population and also vary across populations. Most of the community-based Indian epidemiological studies are on point prevalence. The adult epidemiological finding that mental disorders have early ages of onset has created interest in the minds of psychiatrists. Children and adolescents are at high risk of developing mental disorders. Aim & objective: we are aimed at to conduct of this study was to know the overall incidence and prevalence rate of various Psychiatric disorders in the Psychiatric department of teaching based hospitals and the objective of the study is to find out the incidence and prevalence of the predominant psychiatric disorder. To find the role of key factors like age, Education, Gender, environmental analysis, Marital status, and sleep pattern on the mental health status of Patients. Material & Methods: This study was conducted on 500 patients, both male and female were included in the study. ICD- 10 and DSM IV criteria tools were used. Statistical Analysis was done using appropriate tests like the “t” test and Chi-Square test. Results: A total of 500 Patients we are included in our study, males are 293(59%) and Females are 207 (41%). Depression shows the highest incidence of 7.0%. Schizophrenia shows the highest prevalence (17.6%) Chi-Square analysis indicated no significant difference in prevalence between the number of males and females.  There were no significant differences among the prevalence rates among the participants who belonged to middle-class urban and rural areas. Conclusion: Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, it intends to surmise clinical individuals and groups via placing general principles and researching specific cases. As a responsible clinical pharmacist, we have played a major role in the effective counseling of patients by using counseling aids. In this research, have a leading prevalence plus incidence of psychiatric disorders are detected.

scholarly journals The Association between Ethnicity and Level of Education with Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in the Context of the Place of Residence in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkemdilim P Anazonwu ◽  
Chukwuedozie K Ajaero ◽  
Peter O Mbah
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract BackgroundWhile researches have been done separately on ethnicity and level of education as factors of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice, there is dearth of studies on the peculiarities of EBF practice in the context place of residence as regards to the combined influence of ethnicity and level of education. To examine the association of ethnicity and level of education with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice in urban and rural areas of Nigeria.MethodsData was from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) of 2018. The sample comprised of 16,982 urban and 24,834 rural women aged 15-49 years in all the 36 States and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. The outcome variable was exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) practice while the major predictor variables were ethnicity and level of education. Analyses of data were by descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi square and binary logistic regression at 0.05 level of significance. ResultsHigher education levels were significantly associated with decreased engagement in EBF practice in urban and rural areas while ethnic differences were significantly associated with EBF practice in the rural areas. Being aged 25-34 years (OR=2.316; p=0.000) was significantly associated with increased odds of EBF practice in urban areas. Moreover, region of residence was significantly associated with EBF practice in the rural areas. Finally, in both rural and urban areas, households with more than two children were significantly associated with increased odds of EBF.ConclusionsMore sensitization campaigns on the need to incorporate EBF practice into formal employment work ethics where women with higher levels of education mostly work are needed in urban areas. In addition, ethnic practices, which promote EBF practices, should be encouraged in antenatal and postnatal clinics.

Transparency and effective e-Governance: a case of telecentres in the Indian State of Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Shankar Iyer ◽  
Subba Rao R.N.
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Questionnaire Method

Purpose It is the responsibility of any government to ensure efficient, transparent and reliable services to the common man through telecentres. The purpose of this study is to take into account the influence of people and process on transparency that leads to effective e-governance. Design/methodology/approach This study involved collecting data through questionnaire method from 400 citizens who visited the telecentres. Data were analysed by conducting chi-square test and independent sample t-test, and it was found that there exists significant influence of location on transparency. Findings The current study reiterates the fact from literature that transparency in transactions enables effective e-governance. Beneficiaries perceive that people and processes have influence on transparency. Research limitations/implications The research adds up to the literature in establishing that there exist differentials among the rural and urban population with respect to transparency. Results could be skewed, as there could be an impact of population density across urban and rural areas. Practical implications This study brings out a framework and an action plan for the government to implement and ensure transparency in processes leading to effective e-governance. Social implications The action plan ensures transparency in service delivery leading to effective e-governance. Increased transparency empowers citizens with increased trustworthiness towards services delivered through telecentres. Originality/value This paper fulfils the need for an action plan to assure citizens to use deliveries through telecentres with better transparency. The aspect of transparency is not being studied in the present context of service delivery by the government authorities in India. Moreover, the influence of transparency on e-governance is also under-explored.

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity In Northeastern Ontario: A Cross-sectional Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foyez Haque ◽  
Alberto G. de la Rocha ◽  
Betty Ann Horbul ◽  
Patricia Desroches ◽  
Craig Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose: In Canada, the incidence of childhood obesity has tripled within the past 20 years. The prevalence of obesity in the Timmins, Ontario, student population was studied to gain knowledge for program planning and resource allocation, and to compare Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with Cole’s international criteria for childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 801 students were taken. Students were chosen from randomly selected schools for each grade. Data were analyzed according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Data were also compared with other studies. Intragroup comparisons were performed using hypothesis testing for significance with the z table and chi-square test. Results: Overweight and obesity prevalence was 28% according to CDC criteria. No statistical difference was found between genders or among ethnic groups, or between this study and other Canadian studies. In comparison with the CDC criteria, Cole’s international criteria indicated less obesity and increased overweight prevalence. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the northern Ontario community of Timmins, the prevalence of childhood obesity is of epidemic proportions. When the findings are shared with different agencies, this study will help the health unit to take necessary public health measures to curb the epidemic.

scholarly journals Factors associated with sarcopenia in subjects aged 80 years and over

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro ◽  
Igor Conterato Gomes ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete ◽  
Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether sarcopenia is associated with sociodemographic factors and chronic noncommunicable diseases in adults aged 80 years and older. METHODS: The sample consisted of 120 adults aged 80 to 95 years (83.4±2.9 years) from the city of Presidente Prudente (São Paulo, Brazil), of which 76 were females (83.4±3.0 years) and 44 were males (83.4±2.6 years). The study sociodemographic and epidemiological factors were: age stratum, gender, marital status, education level, chronic noncommunicable diseases, ethnicity, and nutritional status. Body composition was determined by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and sarcopenia was identified by the appendicular lean mass ratio (upper limb lean mass + lower limb lean mass [kg]/height [m]2). The Chi-square test analyzed whether sarcopenia was associated with sociodemographic and epidemiological factors and binary logistic regression expressed the magnitude of the associations. The data were treated by the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (17.0) at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The factors associated with sarcopenia were gender, age, nutritional status, and osteopenia/osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: The factors gender, age, nutritional status, and osteopenia/osteoporosis are independently associated with sarcopenia in adults aged 80 years and older.

scholarly journals Appraisal of Issues Influencing Soil-Steps Application for Sustainable Farmland Management in High-Potential District, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Mehretie Belay
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Study Data ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Soil damage by moving water is a somber predicament on farmlands in highland Ethiopia. Sizeable number of trial in farmland preservation has been executed to handle the crisis during the last tens of years. However, the attempts have not been vibrant to trim-down the danger to an attractive extent. This paper evaluates factors contributing to application of soil-steps (bunds) as sustainable farmland management technology (SFLMT) by smallholder farmers in one of the high-potential districts of northwest Ethiopia named Dangila Woreda (District). Mixed method triangulation designs involving concurrent acquisition and interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data were used in the study. Data were acquired from randomly chosen 201 farming households during the harvest seasons of 2011 and 2012. Ordered questionnaire, participatory field observation, key informant interview and focus group discussion were mechanisms employed during the data acquisition. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations and percentiles), Chi-square test, t-test and the binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative information was textually narrated to augment the quantitative results. Findings of the investigation confirm that age of the household head, the number of household members, slope of the farmland, the size of the farmland held, households’ participation in indigenous labour-sharing activities and the number of farm tools owned were significantly increasing the building of soil-steps as SFLMT in the study district. Involvement in off-farm activities and pest invasions were considerably hindering farmers from building soil-steps on their farmlands. The results in general indicated that households’ access to livelihood assets are key promoters for farmers’ implementation of soil-steps on their farmlands. Local resource preservation and improvement trials should thus ponder on convalescing farmers’ material endowments to improve their capability to use soil-steps as SFLMT in their farming activities.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the milk production of dairy cattle in northern rural areas of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Begum ◽  
M Anaruzzaman ◽  
MSI Khan ◽  
M Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Factors Affecting

A cross sectional study was conducted to observe the factors affecting the productive performance of dairy cattle from northern rural areas of Bangladesh during July and September 2013. Data of 105 cows, 85 (80.95%) from local and 20 (19.05%) cows from cross breed, were randomly selected for the study. A binary logistic regression, expressed by odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, was done to determine the association of daily milk production categorized into ? 2 and > 2 liters (L), based on median, with the significant explanatory variables of body weight, age at first calving, lactation period, vitamin use, type of floor and milking person. The result demonstrated that the probability of milk production of >2 L was 6.16, 4.5, 20.65 and 5.7 times higher from the with animal body weight of >140 kg, age at first calving of >36 m, lactation period of >8 m and vitamin use than that of body weight of 140 kg, age at first calving of ?36 m, lactation period of ? 8 m, and not vitamin used respectively. The chance of milk production of > 2 L was 0.25 and 0.22 times lower for mud floor, and owner milking than that of brick floor and gowala (professional milking person) respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i2.22646 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (2): 41-45, December, 2014

scholarly journals Innovation and Management by Regional Rural Banks in Achieving the Dream of Financial Inclusion in India: Challenges and Prospects.

2020 ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
Anis ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Achieving The Dream ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

The Regional Rural Banks are government-owned, regionally based and rurally oriented financial institutions specialized in catering to the credit needs of the neglected and weaker sections of the society. In the recent past, RRBs have become a potent mediator for financial inclusion in rural areas. This paper summarizes the innovative methods used by the employees of these banks in deposit mobilizations, credit expansion and recovery of the loan. The primary purpose of the research is to find the problems faced by officials of these banks in marketing their services to the rural customer. The opinions of these bank officials regarding the above factors and the functioning of these banks and their impact on society have also been studied. For this purpose, a sample of 96 bank officials of Aryavart bank and Purvanchal Bank have been taken from the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Methodological tools of the research methods were Frequency and Chi-square test of independence which have been used to test the hypotheses developed in the study. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the employees and staff of these two regional rural banks in the state are making their earnest effort to channelize the savings of rural people by mobilization of deposits by motivating them to deposit their surplus money in the regional rural banks. The bank officials are making efforts to extend credit facilities in rural areas to uplift the people economically. The bank officials are facing problems in deposit mobilization, and credit expansion in the rural areas of the state and they are managing these problems very efficiently. Some political interference was found in the functioning of these banks. In the opinion of these bank officials, the overall working of these regional rural banks is proper. The results of the research can be useful for policymakers in the government to understand the hurdles faced by regional rural banks in reaching to the poor and needy sections of the society. The insights from this paper can help the policymakers to craft innovative schemes which enable these banks to reach the most inaccessible customers in rural areas. Keywords Regional Rural Banks, deposit mobilizations, credit expansion, financial inclusion, loan recovery.

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