An Effectiveness Study of Early or Late Time-Restricted Feeding on Body Composition – Pilot Study

Abstract Objectives Our objective was to measure the differences in body composition change following a 6-week early or late time-restricted feeding without specific calorie-targets in healthy but sedentary free-living individuals with overweight/obesity. Methods Sedentary, healthy individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 25 kg/m2 were recruited for a 6-week intervention. They were randomized to morning fasters (MF) who ate only between 12 pm to 8 pm, evening fasters EF who ate only between 7 am and 3 pm; and the control group, which was instructed to continue their usual pattern of eating. Specific calorie targets were not provided to all participants. Pre- and post-intervention height and weight were measured, and body composition was assessed using the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner. Intention to treat analysis was performed, using the last observation carried forward. Normality was assessed. Between-group differences in change of body composition and within-group differences for pre- and post-measurements were studied using parametric and non-parametric tests accordingly, and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied. Results 10, 8, and 10 participants were in the MF, EF, and control groups, respectively. There were 11 males and 17 females. The mean age of our participants was 30.25 (SD = 10.99) years and mean BMI was 29.06 (SD = 3.63)kg/m2. There was no difference in baseline age, BMI, body fat %, total body fat mass, total lean mass and visceral fat between the 3 groups (P > 0.05). Compliance was significantly lower in evening fasters than controls (P = 0.029). Unlike MF, EF had a greater reduction in body fat mass than the controls, but the difference was non-significant (P = 0.053). There were no significant differences in body composition pre-vs post measurements within each study group (P > 0.05). Conclusions When specific calorie targets were not provided, morning fasting and evening fasting did not result in a significant change in body composition in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity in our pilot study. A larger-scale study is needed to validate these findings. Funding Sources Startup funds from Texas Tech University.

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Body composition analysis in female ballet dancers

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0312579m ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 56 (11-12) ◽

pp. 579-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bojan Mihajlovic ◽

Sasa Mijatov ◽

Biljana Srdic ◽

Edita Stokic

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Study Group ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Ballet Dancers

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutritional status and body composition in female ballet dancers and a group of non-athletic female controls. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 30 female ballet dancers, aged 17.4?2.01, whereas the control group included 30 non-athletic female examinees, aged 18.00 years on average. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated in all subjects. Body composition was estimated using the bioelectrical impedance method. Results Body composition analysis of ballet dancers revealed significantly lower values of body fat mass compared to the control group (18.85?4.50% vs. 23.41?4.34). Most examinees in both groups were of normal weight. 50% of ballet dancers and 23.33% of examinees in the control group were underweight, while overweight subjects were registered only in the control group. Most underweight ballet dancers had lower body fat mass, whereas majority of underweight examinees in the control group presented with normal body fat mass. Normal-weight obesity was established in 40.91% candidates in the control and 6.67% in the study group. Conclusion Ballet dancers had significantly lower values of body mass and BMI, compared to the study group. In order to prevent very serious complications caused by changes in size and proportion of some body compartments, it is necessary to carry out assessment of body composition more often in high-risk groups, such as the study group of ballet dancers.

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Cocoa-rich chocolate and body composition in postmenopausal women: a randomised clinical trial

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520003086 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irene A. Garcia-Yu ◽

Luis Garcia-Ortiz ◽

Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos ◽

Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽

Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Habitual Diet

Abstract During menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57·2 (sd 3·6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65·4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (–0·63 kg (95 % CI –1·15, –0·11), P = 0·019; Cohen’s d = –0·450) and body fat percentage (–0·79 % (95 % CI –1·31, –0·26), P = 0·004; Cohen’s d = –0·539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (–0·20 kg/m2 (95 % CI –0·44, 0·03), P = 0·092; Cohen’s d = –0·345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight.

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EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED FITNESS EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION AMONG PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport ◽

10.22190/fupes180411005b ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 047

Author(s):

Predrag Bićanin ◽

Saša Milenković ◽

Dragan Radovanović ◽

Aco Gajević ◽

Jelena Ivanović

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Mass Percentage ◽

Fitness Clubs ◽

Experimental Group

This research included a sample of 79 pre-school boys aged 6 and 7 with 40 of them in the experimental group and 39 in the control group. Their current state of body composition was studied, as well as their relations after a 6-month fitness treatment that the experimental group of participants was involved in, in order to analyze its effects. The experimental group had two classes per week, in addition to regular programmed activities as part of the children’s sport school (three times per week), and as part of 48 of additional, six-month training lessons of exercising in sport (fitness) clubs. The following variables have been used to evaluate body composition with the application of bio-electric impedance In Body 230 such as: muscle mass, percentage of muscle mass, body fat mass, percentage of body fat mass, fat free mass, percentage of fat free mass. Although small to moderate effects were obtained by the double mixed ANOVA, the results show the experimental group’s achievements as significantly higher than those of the control group. Furthermore, with individual eta coefficient findings in comparison with each group measurements, it is clear that the value of the obtained effects is different between groups to the benefit of the experimental group. Permanent implementation of the proposed programme could contribute to an improvement on the studied body composition variables which can result in the better health status of children in future.

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A Six-Week Group-Based Advanced Quantity Meal Prep Program Improves Cooking Attitudes, Behaviors, and Body Composition

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1332-1332

Author(s):

Shannon Mendez ◽

Hsin Yi Tseng ◽

Jamie Kubota ◽

Adrianne Widaman ◽

John Gieng

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Collaborative Group ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cooked Food

Abstract Objectives Consumption of food away from home is associated with higher caloric intake and poorer diet quality compared to home-cooked food. The group-based advance quantity meal prep (AQMP) program was developed to increase the frequency of consumption of home-cooked meals. This pilot study aimed to determine the effects of the AQMP program on the frequency of consumption of home-cooked meals, cooking attitudes, cooking self-efficacy, and anthropometrics. Methods Participants were recruited from a fitness center and met at a commercial kitchen once a week for 6 weeks to complete the AQMP program. At each session, participants prepared meals in bulk and packaged individual portions. Participants were sent home with 10 meals and 5 snacks each week. These meals are defined as home-cooked. A questionnaire, height, weight, hip circumference, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, body fat percentage, and body mass index (BMI) were taken at three time points: pre-program (T1), immediately post-program (T2), and 3 months post-program (T3). The questionnaire assessed: physical activity, cooking attitudes, cooking self-efficacy, and cooking behavior and consumption. Results Statistically significant increases were seen in total cooking attitudes between T1 and T3 (P = 0.01), cooking self-efficacy between T1 and T2 (P = 0.002), and reported percentage of home-cooked dinner consumption between T1 (52 ± 29%) and T2 (86 ± 14%, P = 0.04). Significant decreases in weight between T1 (85.1 ± 27.8 kg) and T3 (83.3 ± 27.4 kg, P = 0.03), body fat mass between T1 (32.0 ± 21.6 kg) and T2 (30.3 ± 21.4 kg; P = 0.01), and T1 (32.0 ± 21.6 kg) and T3 (28.6 ± 22.4 kg, P = 0.01), and BMI between T1 (31.7 ± 9.4 kg/m2) and T2 (31.0 ± 9.0 kg/m2, P = 0.03) were also observed. Conclusions This pilot study indicates that a 6-week AQMP program increased consumption of home-cooked meals and may have contributed to improvement in body composition suggesting the potential of AQMP as a tool for weight management. Additionally, incorporating a collaborative group dynamic with AQMP likely aided in increasing participant cooking attitudes and cooking self-efficacy. The positive results in this pilot study suggests that larger, controlled studies on the efficacy of group-based AQMP is warranted. Funding Sources None.

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Effects of Auricular Acupressure Combined with Low-Calorie Diet on the Leptin Hormone in Obese and Overweight Iranian Individuals

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1136/acupmed-2011-010121 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 208-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mahsa Darbandi ◽

Sara Darbandi ◽

Majid Ghayor Mobarhan ◽

Ali Akbar Owji ◽

Baxiao Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Auricular Acupressure ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Plasma Leptin

Background Human leptin is a peptide hormone that is released from white adipocytes. The absence of leptin or its receptor leads to uncontrolled food intake, leading to obesity. In the present work, the effects of auricular acupressure combined with low-calorie diet on the leptin hormone level were investigated. Methods Volunteers (n=86) with body mass indices (BMI) between 25 and 45 kg/m2 were randomised into a case (n=43) or a control (n=43) group. Participants in each group received a low-calorie diet for 6 weeks. The case group was treated with auricular acupressure and the control group received a sham procedure. Plasma leptin levels, body fat mass, body weight and BMI were measured before and after treatment. Results Participants who received auricular acupressure showed significant reductions in their plasma leptin levels (18.57%, p<0.01) as well as in their body fat mass (4%, p<0.05). These changes were not observed in the control group. The reduction in leptin was significantly greater in the acupressure group than the controls. Conclusions Auricular acupressure combined with a low-calorie diet significantly reduced plasma levels of leptin. However, the mechanism of this reduction is not clear.

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Aerobic exercise-induced changes in body composition and blood lipids in young women

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina46020019 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 129 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Arvydas Stasiulis ◽

Asta Mockienė ◽

Daiva Vizbaraitė ◽

Pranas Mockus

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Cycling Training

The objective of the study was to assess changes in body composition, blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 18–24-year-old women during the period of two-month aerobic cycling training. Material and methods. Young, healthy, nonsmoking women (n=19) volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided in two groups: experimental (E, n=10) and control (C, n=9). The subjects of group E exercised 3 times a week with intensity of the first ventilatory threshold and duration of 60 min. The group C did not exercise regularly over a two-month period of the experiment. The subjects of group E were tested before and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of the experiment. The participants of group C were tested twice with an eight-week interval. Results. Body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch) concentration increased after the 8-week training program in the experimental group (P<0.05). Blood total cholesterol (Tch) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) concentrations did not change significantly. Body weight and body mass index started to decrease after 2 weeks of the experiment, but significant changes were observed only after 6 and 8 weeks. Body fat mass was significantly decreased after 2 and 8 weeks of aerobic training. A significant increase in HDL-ch concentration was observed after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. A significant decrease in TAG concentration was observed after 2-week training. No significant changes in all the parameters except TAG (it was slightly increased) were seen in the control group. Conclusions. The two-month aerobic cycling training (within VT1, 60-min duration, three times a week) may induce significant changes in the parameters of body composition – body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and blood lipids – in young women. The following significant changes were observed: TAG level decreased after 2 weeks, body mass and body mass index decreased after 6 weeks, body fat mass decreased and HDL-ch level increased after 8 weeks. Peak oxygen uptake increased after 4 weeks.

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Effects of Taekwondo Training on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11550

Author(s):

Seunghui Baek ◽

Jong-Beom Park ◽

Sang-Hwan Choi ◽

Jae-Don Lee ◽

Sang-Seok Nam

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Age Group ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Positive Effect

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Taekwondo training on body composition and to evaluate the magnitude of the effect. Methods: Databases were used to select studies related to the effectiveness of Taekwondo training, and the inclusion criteria were as follows. Results: Thirty-seven studies were selected. We found statistically significant differences from the control group in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist–hip ratio (WHR), body fat mass, body fat percentage, lean mass, and muscle mass. Also, the age group was statistically significant in control variables on weight, BMI, and body fat percentage. Conclusions: Taekwondo training had a positive effect on body composition, and these results suggest that Taekwondo training is an effective exercise method to lower obesity.

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Peculiarities of Physical Fitness and Body Composition of 5—7 Year-Old Children of Several Kaunas Preschools and Interaction between those Indexes

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v2i73.432 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (73) ◽

Author(s):

Sandrija Čapkauskienė ◽

Kristina Visagurskienė ◽

Rima Bakienė ◽

Irena Vitkienė ◽

Daiva Vizbaraitė

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

General Physical

Childhood obesity is a key public health issue around the globe in developed and developing countries (Dugan, 2008). The recent worldwide increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity may be due in part to a decrease in children’s physical activity levels (Ball et al., 2001). It is necessary to develop early interventions to improve physical fitness in children and to prevent the increase of childhood obesity (Brunet et al., 2006). So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition and physical fitness of children aged 5—7 years and to estimate the interaction between body composition components and physical fitness tests. Participants: 216 children participated in this study: 104 girls, mean age 5.90 ± 0.63 years and 112 boys — mean age 5.98 ± 0.50 years from Kaunas city (Lithuania) preschools. Methods: all the subjects have been measured for their height, body mass, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds at 2 different places — triceps and subscapular. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat mass (BFM) were evaluated. All the participants did four physical fitness tests including speed shuttle run, 20 meters distance run, standing long jump and throwing 1 kg ball. General physical fitness level was evaluated based on B. Sekita (1988) methods. Results. Results showed that BMI did not significantly differ between boys and girls, and was evaluated as “optimal” for both groups. BFM was significantly higher in girls (p < 0.001), and WC did not differ between genders. But WC had a tendency to increase with age in both boys and girls. Strong relationship was observed between BMI and BFM (r = 0.660, r = 0.660 respectively; p < 0.01), and between BMI and WC (r = 0.703, r = 0.826 respectively; p < 0.01) for both boys and girls. The results of physical tests showed that boys did all the tests better than girls (p < 0.01). When we evaluated the general physical fitness of each child, the results indicated that their physical fitness waslow, evaluated as “good enough” for most boys and girls. General physical fitness of children negatively but slightly correlated with BFM (r = –0.201; p < 0.001), it indicated that higher BFM determined lower evaluation of general physical fitness.Conclusions. Optimal body weight, according to body mass index, percentage body fat mass and waist circumference, was established for the bigger part of children, aged 5—7 years old. This study shows that physical fitness of children was low — evaluated as “good enough” and negatively correlated with body fat mass, showing that high body fat mass negatively impacted physical fitness.Key words: body mass index, percentage body fat mass, waist circumference, physical fitness.

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Effect of toxic trace element detoxification, body fat reduction following four-week intake of the Wellnessup diet: a three-arm, randomized clinical trial

10.21203/rs.2.23045/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Su-Jin Jung ◽

Woo-Lim Kim ◽

Byung-Hyun Park ◽

Seung-Ok Lee ◽

Soowan Chae

Keyword(s):

Trace Element ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Test Group ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Restricted Diet ◽

Fat Reduction ◽

Toxic Trace Element

Abstract Background: Detox diet are known as a popular dieting strategies that helps toxins elimination and weight manage but there is very little clinical evidence. The Wellnessup diet (WD) used in the present study designed as a healthy meals based on organic plant based diets including various vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts and phytonutrients. Methods: To evaluate the effects of 4 week intake of the WD on toxic trace element detoxification, body fat reduction, and safety parameters. Forty-five women with body mass index (BMI) of 23.5-30 kg/m2 were recruited. Thirty of them were assigned 1:1 to the test group (WD, 15 subjects) and control group 1 (calorie-restricted diet, CRD, 15 subjects) in a single blind and randomized, and the remaining 15 subjects were assigned to control group 2 (maintaining regular diet, MRD). The primary outcome were toxic trace element levels in hair (29 types of heavy metals), and the secondary outcomes were changes in anthropometric and urinary organic acids. Results: The levels of four toxic trace elements in hair decreased in the WD group after the diet compared to before the diet. Ni, Rh, Sn, and Ga were significantly lower in the WD group than in the CRD or MRD group (p<0.05). At the end of the trial, both WD and CRD groups had lower BMI, Waist Circumference(WC), Hip Circumference(HC) and WHR compared to the baseline values (p<0.05). Compared to the WD group, the CRD group had a greater mean change (p<0.05) from the baseline for weight loss (-3.22±0.48kg vs -1.88±0.95kg vs) and fat free mass (-2.08 kg vs -1.09 kg). The weight, BMI, body fat mass, fat free mass, WC, and HC of the CRD group were significantly decreased compared to the MRD (p<0.05). No significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. Conclusions: Use of WD might have several beneficial effects and safety such as body fat reduction and improving some the element detoxification through caloric restriction but did not reducing body fat mass more than calorie-restricted diet.

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Peculiarities of metabolic processes and vegetayive status in children with excess fraction of body fat mass

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-8-841-847 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (8) ◽

pp. 841-847

Author(s):

Irina E. Shtina ◽

Svetlana L. Valina ◽

Olga Yu. Ustinova ◽

Vadim B. Alekseev ◽

Darya A. Eisfel’D ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Phase Angle ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Reference Group ◽

Mineral Metabolism ◽

Test Group ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Vegetative Regulation

Introduction. Obesity in children makes for the earlier occurrence of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and endocrine system diseases.Data and methods. We examined 130 children who were distributed into two groups according to their body fat mass (BFM). Our test group included children with excess BFM fraction and our reference group was made up of children with normal body fat mass. All children were examined with bioimpedance analysis techniques. We comparatively assessed basic impedance analysis indices: fat, protein, carbohydrates, and mineral metabolism; as well as children’s vegetative status.Results. We revealed 20% of children to have overweight as their BMI while impedance analysis indicated that 40% of children had it. Children with BFM excess had a smaller phase angle and less active cellular and musculoskeletal mass combined with lower metabolic rates detected in 50% of them. Changes in body composition in the test group were accompanied by elevated contents of dextrose, sodium, total cholesterol, and hydrocortisone and prevailing influences exerted by sympathetic vegetative regulation against the reference group. Correlation analysis allowed revealing direct correlations between a BFM fraction, cholesterol, and vegetative regulation parameters. We also revealed direct correlations between hydrocortisone, atherogenic lipids and body composition that characterized fat metabolism; reserve correlations between hydrocortisone and a faction of musculoskeletal mass; between lipids in blood serum and fat-free body mass and phase angle; between a fraction of body fat mass and metabolic rate, and a fraction of musculoskeletal mass.Conclusions. Excess BFM fraction is a predictor of metabolic syndrome. Impedance analysis allows creating prevention programs aimed at correcting pathogenetic mechanisms that make for overweight occurrence.

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