Dairy Food Intake Is Not Associated With Frailty or Frailty Progression Over Time in Adults: Framingham Offspring Study

Abstract Objectives High-fat dairy foods are calorically dense, which may prevent anorexia and malnutrition that are often seen in frail persons. We determined the association of dairy food intake [milk, yogurt, cheese, total dairy (milk + yogurt + cheese), low-fat, and high-fat dairy, serv/wk] with frailty and frailty progression in older adults from the Framingham Offspring study. Methods This prospective cohort study included non-frail participants at index exam (1998–01) with food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and ≤2 follow-up frailty assessments (2005–08, 2011–14). Average dairy food intakes were calculated from index and prior FFQs (1998–01 and 1995–98). Fried's frailty phenotype was used: presence of ≥3 criteria of unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, slow gait speed, low physical activity, and low grip strength. Frailty progression was defined as an increased number of frailty criteria over follow-up. Repeated measures logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for frailty and frailty progression (separate models) adjusting for age, sex, energy intake (residual analysis), current smoking, multivitamin use, and self-reported health status. Results Mean baseline age was 60y ± 9 (range 33–86 y) and 45% were female. Mean dairy food intakes [serv/wk] were: 5.7 ± 5 (milk), 1.1 ± 1.9 (yogurt), 2.8 ± 3.0 (cheese), 9.6 ± 6.9 (total dairy), 6.2 ± 6.0 (low-fat dairy), and 4.5 ± 4.3 (high-fat dairy). Of the 2550 non-frail individuals at baseline, 8.8% (2005–08) and 13.5% (2011–14) became frail over time. Frailty progression was seen in 34% (2005–08) and 40% (2011–14) of the participants. In age and sex adjusted models, high-fat dairy foods were associated with 2% increased odds of frailty (95%CI: 1.00–1.04, P = 0.01). This association did not change after further adjustment (OR: 1.02, 95%CI: 0.99–1.05, P = 0.07). Other dairy foods were not associated with frailty (P range: 0.23–0.78) or with frailty progression (P range: 0.32–0.86). Conclusions In this study of healthy older adults, most dairy food intake was not associated with frailty or frailty progression after considering important covariables. The observed trend for slightly increased odds of frailty with high-fat dairy intake should be re-examined in other studies with frailty assessed over time. Funding Sources Boston Pepper Center OAIC, NHLBI & Dairy Management Inc.

Download Full-text

Association of Dairy Food Intake with Measures of Bone Microarchitecture in Men and Women from the Framingham Study (OR18-08-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz028.or18-08-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Shivani Sahni ◽

Douglas Kiel ◽

Marian Hannan

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Food Intake ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Bone Strength ◽

Bone Microarchitecture ◽

Dairy Food ◽

Men And Women ◽

Dairy Foods ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Trabecular Number

Abstract Objectives Previous studies reported that dairy foods are associated with higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. However, data on bone strength and bone microarchitecture are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the association of milk, yogurt, cheese, cream, milk + yogurt and milk + yogurt + cheese intakes with high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) measures of bone in older adults from the Framingham Offspring study. Methods This cross-sectional study included 532 men and 694 women (aged 32–81y, mean 64y) with measures of dairy food intake (servings/wk.) from a food frequency questionnaire. Cortical and trabecular BMD and microarchitecture at the distal tibia and radius were measured using HR-pQCT. We focused on five bone parameters: 1) Bone strength assessed via failure load from micro–finite element analysis, 2) Two cortical bone measures: cortical BMD and cortical thickness; and 3) Two trabecular bone measures: trabecular bone density and trabecular number. Sex-combined and sex-specific multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the association of dairy food intake (energy adjusted) with each bone measure adjusting for covariates (sex, age, height, weight, current smoking, energy intake, calcium supplement use, vitamin D supplement use, physical activity and multivitamin use). Results Over 90% of the participants consumed the recommended ≥ 3 servings of dairy per day. Mean milk intake ± SD was 5.5 servings/week in both men and women. In sex combined analyses, only cheese intake was associated with cortical BMD at the radius and tibia (Table). None of the other dairy foods were significantly associated with any of the bone measures. In sex-stratified analysis higher cheese intake was associated with lower cortical BMD at the radius and tibia in women alone (radius: β = −9.61 ± 2.73, P = 0.001, tibia: β = −9.41 ± 3.10, P = 0.001). In men, higher cream intake was associated with higher trabecular number (radius: β = 0.021 ± 0.011, P = 0.02, tibia: β = 0.024 ± 0.012, P = 0.05). Higher yogurt intake was also associated with higher trabecular volumetric BMD at the tibia in men alone (tibia: β = 4.86 ± 2.00, P = 0.02). Conclusions In this cohort of primarily healthy older men and women with high dairy food consumption, specific dairy foods seem to be more beneficial in men than women. Negative associations for cheese intake and cortical BMD in women should be further confirmed in longitudinal studies. Funding Sources NIH AR # 053205; FHS N01-HC-25195 R01 AR/AG 41398 and unrestricted institutional research grant from Dairy Management Inc. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Download Full-text

Fitness vs. fatness as determinants of survival in non-institutionalized older adults: The EXERNET multi-center study

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glab179 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Navarrete-Villanueva ◽

Alba Gómez-Cabello ◽

Alejandro Gómez-Bruton ◽

Eva Gesteiro ◽

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Reference Group ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat

Abstract Background Physical fitness and body composition are important health indicators, nevertheless their combined pattern inter-relationships and their association with mortality are poorly investigated. Methods This longitudinal study is part of the Spanish EXERNET-Elder project. Person-months follow-up were calculated from the interview date, performed between June 2008 and November 2009, until date of death or censoring on March 2018 (whichever came first). In order to be included, participants had to fulfill the following criteria: 1) be over 65 years old, 2) live independently at home, 3) not suffer dementia and/or cancer and 4) have a BMI above 18.5. Body fat and weight were assessed by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Fitness was measured with the Senior Fitness and the one leg static balance tests. The Spanish Death Index was consulted for the death’s identification. Cluster analysis was performed to identify Fat-Fit patterns and traditional cut points and percentiles to create the Fat-Fit groups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios of death in clustered Fat-Fit patterns and in traditional Fat-Fit groups. Results A total of 2299 older adults (76.8% of women) were included with a baseline mean age of 71.9 ± 5.2 years. A total of 196 deaths (8.7% of the sample) were identified during the 8 years of follow up. Four clustered Fat-Fit patterns (Low fat-Fit, Medium fat-Fit, High fat-Unfit and Low fat-Unfit) and nine traditional Fat-Fit groups emerged. Using the Low fat-Fit pattern as the reference, significantly increased mortality was noted in High fat-Unfit (HR: 1.68, CI: 1.06 - 2.66) and Low fat-Unfit (HR: 2.01, CI: 1.28 - 3.16) groups. All the traditional Fit groups showed lower mortality risk when compared to the reference group (obese-unfit group). Conclusions Physical fitness is a determinant factor in terms of survival in community-dwelling older adults, independently of adiposity levels.

Download Full-text

Evaluating the Robustness of Biomarkers of Dairy Food Intake in a Free-Living Population Using Single- and Multi-Marker Approaches

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11060395 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 395

Author(s):

Katherine J. Li ◽

Kathryn J. Burton-Pimentel ◽

Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma ◽

Edith J. M. Feskens ◽

Carola Blaser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Generalized Linear Model ◽

Stepwise Regression ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Targeted Metabolomics ◽

Free Living ◽

Dairy Food ◽

Dairy Foods ◽

Single Marker

Studies examining associations between self-reported dairy intake and health are inconclusive, but biomarkers hold promise for elucidating such relationships by offering objective measures of dietary intake. Previous human intervention studies identified several biomarkers for dairy foods in blood and urine using non-targeted metabolomics. We evaluated the robustness of these biomarkers in a free-living cohort in the Netherlands using both single- and multi-marker approaches. Plasma and urine from 246 participants (54 ± 13 years) who completed a food frequency questionnaire were analyzed using liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The targeted metabolite panel included 37 previously-identified candidate biomarkers of milk, cheese, and/or yoghurt consumption. Associations between biomarkers and energy-adjusted dairy food intakes were assessed by a ‘single-marker’ generalized linear model, and stepwise regression was used to select the best ‘multi-marker’ panel. Multi-marker models that also accounted for common covariates better captured the subtle differences for milk (urinary galactose, galactitol; sex, body mass index, age) and cheese (plasma pentadecanoic acid, isoleucine, glutamic acid) over single-marker models. No significant associations were observed for yogurt. Further examination of other facets of validity of these biomarkers may improve estimates of dairy food intake in conjunction with self-reported methods, and help reach a clearer consensus on their health impacts.

Download Full-text

The Framingham risk score is associated with incident frailty, or is it?

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02387-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hui Shi ◽

Mei-Ling Ge ◽

Birong Dong ◽

Qian-Li Xue

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Risk Score ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Activity Level ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Frailty Phenotype ◽

Frailty Status ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes ◽

Comorbidity Burden

Abstract Backgrounds Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are individually associated with frailty. This study examined whether Framingham CVD risk score (FRS) as an aggregate measure of CVD risk is associated with incident frailty among Chinese older adults. Methods This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A sample of 3,618 participants aged 60 to 95 years and without CVD at baseline were followed for four years. FRS was calculated at baseline. Frailty status was defined as not-frail (0–2 criteria) or frail (3–5 criteria) based on the physical frailty phenotype consisting of five binary criteria (weakness, slowness, exhaustion, low activity level, and weight loss). After excluding subjects who were frail (n = 248) at baseline, discrete-time Cox regression was used to evaluate the relationship between FRS and incident frailty. Results During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 323 (8 %) participants developed CVD and 318 (11 %) subjects had frailty onset. Higher FRS was associated with greater risk of incident frailty (HR: 1.03, 95 % CI: 1.00 to 1.06) after adjusting for education, marital status, obesity, comorbidity burden, and cognitive function. This association however was no longer significant (HR: 1.00, 95 % CI: 0.97 to 1.03) after additionally adjusting for age. These findings remained essentially unchanged after excluding subjects with depression (n = 590) at baseline or incident CVD (n = 323) during the 4-year follow-up. Conclusions The FRS was not independently associated with incident frailty after adjusting for chronological age. More research is needed to assess the clinical utility of the FRS in predicting adverse health outcomes other than CVD in older adults.

Download Full-text

Central and peripheral arterial stiffness responses to uninterrupted prolonged sitting combined with a high-fat meal: a randomized controlled crossover trial

Hypertension Research ◽

10.1038/s41440-021-00708-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Simon Fryer ◽

Keeron Stone ◽

Craig Paterson ◽

Meghan Brown ◽

James Faulkner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Peripheral Arterial ◽

Fat Meal ◽

Over Time

AbstractIndependently, prolonged uninterrupted sitting and the consumption of a meal high in saturated fats acutely disrupt normal cardiovascular function. Currently, the acute effects of these behaviors performed in combination on arterial stiffness, a marker of cardiovascular health, are unknown. This study sought to determine the effect of consuming a high-fat meal (Δ = 51 g fat) in conjunction with prolonged uninterrupted sitting (180 min) on measures of central and peripheral arterial stiffness. Using a randomized crossover design, 13 young healthy males consumed a high-fat (61 g) or low-fat (10 g) meal before 180 min of uninterrupted sitting. Carotid-femoral (cf) and femoral-ankle (fa) pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic-femoral stiffness gradient (af-SG), superficial femoral PWV beta (β), and oscillometric pulse wave analysis outcomes were assessed pre and post sitting. cfPWV increased significantly more following the high-fat (mean difference [MD] = 0.59 m·s−1) meal than following the low-fat (MD = 0.2 m·s−1) meal, with no change in faPWV in either condition. The af-SG significantly decreased (worsened) (ηp2 = 0.569) over time in the high- and low-fat conditions (ratio = 0.1 and 0.1, respectively). Superficial femoral PWVβ significantly increased over time in the high- and low-fat conditions (ηp2 = 0.321; 0.8 and 0.4 m·s−1, respectively). Triglycerides increased over time in the high-fat trial only (ηp2 = 0.761). There were no significant changes in blood pressure. Consuming a high-fat meal prior to 180 min of uninterrupted sitting augments markers of cardiovascular disease risk more than consuming a low-fat meal prior to sitting.

Download Full-text

Abstract P178: Dairy Consumption and Risk of Becoming Overweight or Obese in Middle-Aged and Older Women.

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p178 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Susanne Rautiainen ◽

Lu Wang ◽

I-Min Lee ◽

JoAnn E Manson ◽

Julie E Buring ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Health Study ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Dairy Intake ◽

Dairy Consumption ◽

History Of

Background: Dairy products have been positively associated with weight loss and inversely associated with weight gain. However, limited number of studies has investigated the role of dairy consumption in the prevention of becoming overweight or obese. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how consumption of dairy products was associated with the risk of becoming overweight or obese among initially normal-weight women. Methods: We studied 19,180 women aged ≥45y from the Women’s Health Study free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and diabetes with an initial body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-<25 kg/m 2 . Dairy intake was assessed through a 131-item food-frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was defined as the sum of servings per day of low-fat dairy products (skim/low-fat milk, sherbet, yogurt, and cottage/ricotta cheese) and high-fat dairy products (whole milk, cream, sour cream, ice cream, cream cheese, other cheese, and butter). Women self-reported body weight along with obesity-related risk factors on baseline and annual follow-up questionnaires. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, we included the following covariates: baseline age, randomization treatment, BMI, smoking status, vigorous exercise, postmenopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, history of hypercholesterolemia, history of hypertension, multivitamin use, alcohol intake, total energy intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. Results: During a mean follow-up of 11.2y (216,979 person-years), 8,582 women became overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 ). The multivariable-adjusted mean changes in body weight (95% confidence interval (CI)) during the follow-up were 3.9 (3.5-4.3), 3.9 (3.5-4.2), 3.8 (3.5-4.2), 3.7 (3.4-4.1), and 3.4 (3.0-3.7) lbs in quintiles 1-5 of total dairy consumption (P-trend: 0.01), respectively. In multivariable-adjusted analyses (Table 1) , women in the highest versus lowest quintile of had a rate ratio (RR) of 0.91 (0.84-0.98, P-trend: 0.16) of becoming overweight or obese. No associations were observed in highest quintiles of low-fat dairy and high-fat dairy intakes. Conclusion: Greater consumption of dairy products may be inversely ssociated with risk of becoming overweight or obese in women.

Download Full-text

Full-Fat Dairy Food Intake is Associated with a Lower Risk of Incident Diabetes Among American Indians with Low Total Dairy Food Intake

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (7) ◽

pp. 1238-1244

Author(s):

Kim Kummer ◽

Paul N Jensen ◽

Mario Kratz ◽

Rozenn N Lemaitre ◽

Barbara V Howard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

American Indians ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

Survival Models ◽

Low Fat ◽

Dairy Food ◽

Family Based ◽

Parametric Survival ◽

Serving Sizes

ABSTRACT Background Diet plays a key role in development of diabetes, and there has been recent interest in better understanding the association of dairy food intake with diabetes. Objective This study examined the associations of full-fat and low-fat dairy food intake with incident diabetes among American Indians—a population with a high burden of diabetes. Methods The study included participants from the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS), a family-based study of cardiovascular disease in American Indians, free of diabetes at baseline (2001–2003) (n = 1623). Participants were 14–86-y-old at baseline and 60.8% were female. Dairy food intake was assessed using a Block food frequency questionnaire. Incident diabetes was defined using American Diabetes Association criteria. Parametric survival models with a Weibull distribution were used to evaluate the associations of full-fat and low-fat dairy food intake with incident diabetes. Serving sizes were defined as 250 mL for milk and 42.5 g for cheese. Results We identified 277 cases of diabetes during a mean follow-up of 11 y. Reported intake of dairy foods was low [median full-fat dairy food intake: 0.11 serving/1000 kcal; median low-fat dairy food intake: 0.03 serving/1000 kcal]. Participants who reported the highest full-fat dairy food intake had a lower risk of diabetes compared to those who reported the lowest full-fat food dairy intake [HR (95% CI): 0.79 (0.59, 1.06); P-trend = 0.03, comparing extreme tertiles, after adjustment for age, sex, site, physical activity, education, smoking, diet quality, and low-fat dairy food intake]. Low-fat dairy food intake was not associated with diabetes. Conclusions American Indians who participated in the SHFS reported low dairy food intake. Participants who reported higher full-fat dairy food intake had a lower risk of diabetes than participants who reported lower intake. These findings may be of interest to populations with low dairy food intake.

Download Full-text

Diminished satiation in rats exposed to elevated levels of endogenous or exogenous cholecystokinin

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.2.r331 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 280 (2) ◽

pp. R331-R337 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Mihai Covasa ◽

Jeremy K. Marcuson ◽

Robert C. Ritter

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Body Fat ◽

Peritoneal Cavity ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

High Protein ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Osmotic Minipumps ◽

Fat Composition

Rats maintained on a high-fat (HF) diet exhibit reduced sensitivity to the satiation-producing effect of exogenous CCK. Because more CCK is released in response to HF meals than low-fat (LF) meals, we hypothesized that increased circulating CCK associated with ingestion of HF diets contributes to the development of decreased CCK sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, we implanted osmotic minipumps filled with either NaCl or CCK octapeptide into the peritoneal cavity. Subsequently, we examined the effect of intraperitoneal NaCl or CCK (0.5 μg/kg) injection on 30-min food intake. CCK significantly reduced 30-min food intake less in rats implanted with CCK-releasing minipumps compared with those with NaCl-releasing minipumps. Because dietary protein is a potent releaser of endogenous CCK, we hypothesized that rats adapted to a high-protein (HP) diet might also exhibit reduced sensitivity to exogenous CCK. Therefore, in a second experiment, we examined CCK-induced reduction of food intake in rats maintained on LF and rats maintained on HF or HP. Ingestion of LF stimulates very little endogenous CCK secretion, whereas both HF and HP markedly increase plasma CCK concentrations. Both doses of CCK reduced food intake significantly less in HF and HP rats compared with LF rats. There were no differences in 24-h food intake, body weight, or body fat composition among LF-, HF-, and HP-fed rats. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that sustained elevation of CCK either by infusion of exogenous CCK or by dietary-induced elevation of plasma CCK contributes to the development of reduced sensitivity to exogenous CCK.

Download Full-text

Acute changes in the response to peripheral leptin with alteration in the diet composition

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.2.r504 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 280 (2) ◽

pp. R504-R509 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

L. Lin ◽

R. Martin ◽

A. O. Schaffhauser ◽

D. A. York

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Corticosterone Level ◽

Inhibitory Response ◽

Leptin Resistance ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Alternative Diet

Dietary induced obesity in rodents is associated with a resistance to leptin. We have investigated the hypothesis that dietary fat per se alters the feeding response to peripheral leptin in rats that were fed either their habitual high- or low-fat diet or were naively exposed to the alternative diet. Osborne-Mendel rats were adapted to either high- or low-fat diet. Food-deprived rats were given either leptin (0.5 mg/kg body wt ip) or saline, after which they were provided with either their familiar diet or the alternative diet. Food intake of rats adapted and tested with the low-fat diet was reduced 4 h after leptin injection, whereas rats adapted and tested with a high-fat diet did not respond to leptin. Leptin was injected again 1 and 5 days after the high-fat diet-adapted rats were switched to the low-fat diet. Leptin reduced the food intake on both days. In contrast, when low-fat diet-adapted rats were switched to a high-fat diet, the leptin inhibitory response was present on day 1 but not observed on day 5. Peripheral injection of leptin increased serum corticosterone level and decreased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in rats fed the low-fat but not the high-fat diet for 20 days. The data suggest that dietary fat itself, rather than obesity, may induce leptin resistance within a short time of exposure to a high-fat diet.

Download Full-text

Oat bran β-glucan improves glucose homeostasis in mice fed on a high-fat diet

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra10437e ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (86) ◽

pp. 54717-54725 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yuliang Cheng ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

Kaiyun Luo ◽

Genyi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Oat Bran

The changes of body weight (A) and food intake (B) of mice fed on different diets of low-fat (LF), high-fat (HF), HF + grain form β-glucan (HFGF), and HF + extracted β-glucan (HFEX).

Download Full-text