scholarly journals Dietary Intake by Urbanization Level Among U.S. Youth Ages 2 -19 Years, NHANES 2013–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
Edwina Wambogo ◽  
Cynthia Ogden ◽  
Nicholas Ansai ◽  
Craig Hales ◽  
Jill Reedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Objectives To describe differences in dietary intake of select foods and nutrients by level of urbanization in U.S. youth ages 2–19 years. Methods Data from 8301 youth in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2018 were used. Mean ratios were estimated for % of fruit consumed as whole fruit (WF) and grains as whole grains (WG), % of energy from added sugars (AS) and saturated fats (SF), and mean intake of fiber, potassium, and sodium on a given day. Proportions consuming >50% (fruit as WF and grains as WG), <10% of energy (AS and SF), and population means for fiber, potassium, and sodium, compared to the age and sex-specific daily nutritional goals, were also estimated. Trends across urbanization [large metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), medium or small MSAs, and non-MSAs], by sex, and by income (lower income: <130% Federal poverty level (FPL) and higher income: ≥130% FPL) were examined using orthogonal polynomials with P < 0.05 significance level. Results Adjusted for age, on a given day, the percentage who consumed >50% of fruit as WF increased significantly from 43.7% in non-MSAs to 51.0% in large MSAs, and a significant increase was seen among males. The % of energy from AS decreased significantly from 15.5% in non-MSAs to 13.2% in large MSAs, and significant declines were also seen among males and among lower income youth, and the percentage of males who consumed <10% of energy from AS also increased significantly from 30.5% in non-MSAs to 40.5% in large MSAs. Fiber intake increased significantly from 12.9 g in non-MSAs to 14.5 g in large MSAs, and significant increases in intake were seen among males and higher income youth. More than 10% (10.5%) of youth in non-MSAs and 14.8% of youth in large MSAs were at or above the daily nutritional goals for fiber. Overall, there were no trends by urbanization for WG, SF, potassium, and sodium. Conclusions These findings provide insight into dietary intake of US youth by level of urbanization, and sociodemographic factors that may influence intake, including sex and income. Overall, with increasing urbanization level, a higher proportion of youth consumed >50% of fruit as WF, <10% of energy from AS, and more fiber. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Yogurt Consumption Is Associated with Better Dietary Intake and Diet Quality in School-aged Children (P18-112-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Valerie Benoit ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Objectives To assess associations between yogurt consumption and dietary intake as well as diet quality in school-aged children in the United States. Methods A total of 3709 children aged 6–12 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012, 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 were included in the study. Day 1 dietary data were used to determine yogurt consumption status, energy and nutrient intake. Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) was used as a measure of diet quality. Multiple linear regression analyses for surveys were conducted to estimate associations between yogurt consumption and dietary intake, as well as diet quality, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results About 9% of children aged 6–12 years were yogurt eaters. Compared to non-eaters, children who reported yogurt consumption had significantly higher intake of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, total sugar and carbohydrate, as well as significantly less intake of total fat and sodium (P < 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences on intake of added sugar and total energy intake. HEI-2015 total score, as well as sub scores for greens and beans, whole fruit, dairy, and sodium were significantly higher in yogurt eaters than non-eaters (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions Consumption of yogurt is associated with increased intake of several key vitamins and minerals, including nutrients of public health concern such as calcium and potassium, in school-aged children. Yogurt consumption is also associated with better diet quality in this population. Funding Sources The study was funded by General Mills, Inc.

scholarly journals Sources of Added Sugars Intake Among the U.S. Population: Analysis by Selected Sociodemographic Factors Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–18

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Ricciuto ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni ◽  
P. Courtney Gaine ◽  
Maria O. Scott ◽  
Loretta DiFrancesco
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The U.S

Recent estimates of added sugars intake among the U.S. population show intakes are above recommended levels. Knowledge about the sources of added sugars contributing to intakes is required to inform dietary guidance, and understanding how those sources vary across sociodemographic subgroups could also help to target guidance. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive update on sources of added sugars among the U.S. population, and to examine variations in sources according to sociodemographic factors. Regression analyses on intake data from NHANES 2011–18 were used to examine sources of added sugars intake among the full sample (N = 30,678) and among subsamples stratified by age, gender, ethnicity, and income. Results showed the majority of added sugars in the diet (61–66%) came from a few sources, and the top two sources were sweetened beverages and sweet bakery products, regardless of age, ethnicity, or income. Sweetened beverages, including soft drinks and fruit drinks, as well as tea, were the largest contributors to added sugars intake. There were some age-, ethnic-, and income-related differences in the relative contributions of added sugars sources, highlighting the need to consider sociodemographic contexts when developing dietary guidance or other supports for healthy eating.

scholarly journals Increased Consumption of Sugar in Beverages Is Associated With Blunted Dopaminergic Brain Response to High Sugar Taste

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 914-914
Author(s):  
Afroditi Papantoni ◽  
Kyle !Burger
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Brain Responses

Abstract Objectives The 2020 dietary guidelines specifically recommended a decrease in sugar intake. Reward-related, brain-based models of overeating and obesity suggest that increased intake of highly palatable foods is linked to decreased dopaminergic (striatal and prefrontal) brain functioning. This reduction acts to increase consumption of food to achieve pleasure. Here, we examined whether increased dietary intake of sugar and fat would be associated with increased activation in reward-related brain regions during anticipation of a sugar sweetened beverage (SSB), but decreased activation during SSB receipt. Methods Young adults (n = 100, age = 21.8 ± 2.4 y, BMI = 23.3 ± 3.5, 70% female) underwent an fMRI scan examining brain responses to receipt of a SSB, a tasteless rinse, and response cue-induced anticipation of these tastes. The Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess average dietary intake, % daily caloric intake from SSBs, sugar, sugar from SSBs and fat. These were correlated with whole-brain BOLD responses to SSB anticipation and receipt contrasts (e.g., SSB &gt; rinse). Significance was corrected for multiple comparisons; pFWE &lt; .05. Results Increased consumption of sugar calories from SSBs was correlated with decreased activity in regions associated with dopamine (posterior midbrain, dorsolateral/orbitofrontal cortices) and taste processing regions (postcentral gyrus) during receipt of SSB (&gt; rinse). Conclusions These results directly support previous research (Burger & Stice 2012; AJCN) demonstrating that increased consumption of highly palatable foods is associated with reduced dopaminergic brain response during consumption specifically of those foods. Critically, we demonstrate these effects with SSBs which are far more widely consumed. Our results were specific to increased intake of sugar calories from SSBs and not total calories from SSBs or total sugar calories, suggesting that added sugars in these beverages have the potential to lead to altered frontostriatal brain responses. Funding Sources NIDDK R01DK112317.

scholarly journals Food Purchase Location by Urbanization Level Among U.S. Population 2 Years and Older, NHANES 2013–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
Nicholas Ansai ◽  
Edwina Wambogo ◽  
Kirsten Herrick ◽  
Meghan Zimmer ◽  
Craig Hales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Convenience Store ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Food Purchase ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Objectives To describe food purchase locations among U.S. persons aged 2 years and older by level of urbanization. Methods Data from 23,107 participants aged 2 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2018 were used to examine four food purchasing locations: fast food, grocery stores, convenience stores, and restaurants. The % of the U.S. population consuming food obtained from each location and mean ratios of % of total calories obtained on a given day were calculated. Estimates were presented by urbanization (large metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), medium or small MSAs, and non-MSAs) overall and within age, sex, and income subgroups. All estimates were age-adjusted and tests for linear trends by urbanization were conducted using orthogonal polynomials with P &lt; 0.05 significance level. Results The % of the U.S. population consuming fast food and the mean % of total calories from fast food on a given day increased with urbanization (30.2% in non-MSAs and 11.4% of calories, 36.5% in small/medium MSAs and 13.7% of calories, and 39.9% in large MSAs and 15.0% of calories). There were no trends by urbanization in the % consuming food from grocery stores or the % of calories from grocery stores. The % of the population consuming food from convenience stores and the % of total calories from convenience store food decreased with urbanization (28.9% in non-MSAs and 6.4% of calories, 26.6% in small/medium MSAs and 5.0% of calories, and 22.1% in large MSAs and 3.9% of calories). The % consuming food from restaurants and the % of total calories from restaurants increased with urbanization (14.1% in non-MSAs and 6.0% of calories, 18.3% in small/medium MSAs and 7.7% of calories, and 21.5% in large MSAs and 8.6% of calories). Conclusions The % of the U.S. population consuming fast food and restaurant food on a given day increased with increasing urbanization level while the % of the population consuming convenience store food decreased. The mean % of total calories from each food purchase location followed the same trends by urbanization. More research may be needed to characterize the foods and nutritional quality of foods from these locations. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Trends and Inequalities in Overall and Abdominal Obesity by Sociodemographic Factors in Korean Adults, 1998–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4162
Author(s):  
Ha-Jin Jang ◽  
Hannah Oh
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Education College ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Over Time

Few studies have comprehensively examined the nationwide trends in overall and abdominal obesity prevalence and related sociodemographic inequalities in Korea. In the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2018, we estimated the age-standardized prevalence of overall (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm men, ≥85 cm women) in each sociodemographic subgroup of Korean adults (aged 19–79 years). For each survey year, weighted logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between obesity prevalence and sociodemographic factors. During the study period, the prevalence of overall and abdominal obesity increased in men (24.8% to 42.4%; 20.1% to 32.1%; respectively) but only a small change was observed in women (26.5% to 26.0%; 22.7% to 20.9%; respectively). Obesity prevalence increased in all sociodemographic groups of men but varied across groups in women. In women, income (4th vs. 1st quartiles in 2016–2018: OR (95% CI) = 0.66 (0.56–0.78) overall obesity; 0.60 (0.51–0.71) abdominal obesity) and education (college or higher vs. high school or less: 0.62 (0.54–0.72) overall obesity; 0.58 (0.50–0.68) abdominal obesity) were inversely associated with obesity prevalence, and the gaps became more pronounced since 2007. Our data suggest that the inequalities in obesity prevalence by sex and by socioeconomic status have become more apparent over time in Korea.

scholarly journals Association between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2952
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Norton Holschuh ◽  
Anne Hermetet Agler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

This study examined differences in dietary intake between ready-to-eat cereal eaters and non-eaters in adults from the United States. Participants (n = 5163) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 were included. One-day dietary recall was used to define ready-to-eat cereal consumption status and estimate dietary intake in eaters and non-eaters. Data from Food Patterns Equivalent Database 2015–2016 were used to compare intakes of food groups by consumption status. Diet quality was assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015. Nineteen percent of US adults were ready-to-eat cereal eaters; they had a similar level of energy intake as non-eaters, but they had significantly higher intake of dietary fiber, and several vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. They were also more likely to meet nutrient recommendations. Compared to non-eaters, ready-to-eat cereal eaters had the same level of added sugar intake but they had significantly higher intake of whole grains, total fruits, and dairy products. The diet quality of ready-to-eat cereal eaters was significantly higher than that of non-eaters. The study supports that ready-to-eat cereal eaters have better dietary intake with a healthier dietary pattern than non-eaters in the United States.

scholarly journals Association of ADRB1 gene polymorphism with dilated cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Chernova ◽  
SY Nikulina ◽  
OO Kuznecova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Medical University

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Aim. To evaluate the Association of rs1801252 polymorphism of the ADRB1 gene with dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy (DCMP) and myocardial dilation of ischemic origin (DMI). Subjects and methods. The study included patients with ICMP and MD IG in the number of 221 people. The average age of the subjects was in the range of 55.30 ± 9.69 years. We divided the patients into 2 groups: the first – patients diagnosed with idiopathic dilatation cardiomyopathy and the second-patients with myocardial dilatation of ichemic origin. The number of patients in the first group was 111, including 99 men (89.2%) and 12 women (10.8%). The average age of patients in this group is 51.73 ± 9.74 years, in men 51.00 ± 8.96 years, in women 57.75 ± 3.71 years. The second group included patients with myocardial dilatation of ischemic origin. Their number is 110 people, including 100 men (91.5%) and 10 women (8.5%). The average age of respondents is 58.68 ± 8.38 years, for men 58.29 ± 8.46 years, for women 62.90 ± 6.29 years. The control group included patients who had no manifestations of cardiovascular diseases. Their number is 121 people (average age 53.6 ± 4.8 years). The patients underwent laboratory and instrumental studies, as well as molecular and genetic studies of the A145G polymorphism of the ADRB1 gene (rs1801252 ). All patients underwent coronary angiography. Based on the anamnesis data and instrumental studies, those patients who could be said to have no risk factors for the development of dilatation of the heart cavities were identified in the first group. And those patients who were reliably diagnosed with CHD were in the second group, that is, dilatation of the heart cavities is due to a previous myocardial infarction, existing angina pectoris. Results. In the group with DCMP 70.3% of patients were carriers of the common homozygous A145A genotype, the heterozygous A145G genotype-27.0%, and the rare homozygous G145G genotype-2.7%. In the control group 71.9% of patients were identified as carriers of a homozygous genotype by a common allele, and 25.3% were carriers heterozygous genotype, and homozygous genotype for a rare allele – 2.7%. Statistical analysis showed no achievement of statistical significance level across any of the genotypes. In the group with DM IG, there was no association with the rs1801252 polymorphism of the ADRB1 gene. Conclusion. A statistically significant association of rs1801252 of the ADRB1 gene with DCMP was not found. The association of DM IG c rs1801252 could not be confirmed.

scholarly journals Factors associated with sarcopenia in subjects aged 80 years and over

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro ◽  
Igor Conterato Gomes ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete ◽  
Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether sarcopenia is associated with sociodemographic factors and chronic noncommunicable diseases in adults aged 80 years and older. METHODS: The sample consisted of 120 adults aged 80 to 95 years (83.4±2.9 years) from the city of Presidente Prudente (São Paulo, Brazil), of which 76 were females (83.4±3.0 years) and 44 were males (83.4±2.6 years). The study sociodemographic and epidemiological factors were: age stratum, gender, marital status, education level, chronic noncommunicable diseases, ethnicity, and nutritional status. Body composition was determined by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and sarcopenia was identified by the appendicular lean mass ratio (upper limb lean mass + lower limb lean mass [kg]/height [m]2). The Chi-square test analyzed whether sarcopenia was associated with sociodemographic and epidemiological factors and binary logistic regression expressed the magnitude of the associations. The data were treated by the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (17.0) at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The factors associated with sarcopenia were gender, age, nutritional status, and osteopenia/osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: The factors gender, age, nutritional status, and osteopenia/osteoporosis are independently associated with sarcopenia in adults aged 80 years and older.

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