scholarly journals Thiamin Determination in Food: A Chromatographic Challenge (P13-038-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Verstraete ◽  
Christophe Stove
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thiamin Deficiency ◽  
Silanol Groups ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Mobile Phases ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Metabolic Reactions

Abstract Objectives Thiamin plays an essential role during several metabolic reactions. Thiamin deficiency is a problem in developing countries, where a varied diet is lacking and people mainly rely on rice, which contains insufficient levels of thiamin, for their energy supply. A cost-effective strategy to fight this deficiency is the improvement of the nutritional quality of staple crops via biofortification. Although several methods for the determination of thiamin have been published, no method exists which allows a combined determination of thiamin, its phosphate derivatives and precursors. Methods LC-MS/MS was used to determine the low-level and labile thiamin vitamers. Volatile buffers are required for MS/MS detection, excluding commonly used phosphate buffers. Furthermore, determination of thiamin mono (TMP)- and diphosphate (TPP) is highly challenging due to their strong polar and ionogenic character, whereby regular C18 columns lack retention. HILIC columns are recommended for these types of compounds, however, the solubility of the phosphate derivatives is incompatible with the required organic injection solvent. Therefore, we tested numerous columns and mobile phases, in order to determine all five compounds in one chromatographic run from a single biological sample. Results With the Gemini® C18 column (Phenomenex) we were able to separate all compounds of interest. However, TMP and TPP could only be detected under basic conditions (≥pH 8.8), which resulted in secondary interactions between the charged silanol groups and the quaternary thiamin. We therefore transferred our method to a Gemini® NX C18 column, which offers a higher robustness at high pH and minimizes peak tailing since silanol groups are shielded. Finally, in an 8 minute run, we could achieve acceptable separation of all thiamin vitamers and precursors, with sufficient sensitivity for their determination in ≤200 mg of wild-type unpolished rice and Arabidopsis samples. Conclusions An LC-MS/MS method was successfully developed for the combined determination of all thiamin vitamers and precursors. Application of this method will allow to guide the effectiveness of biofortification strategies in order to fight thiamine deficiency in developing countries. Funding Sources The research was supported by the Research Foundation – Flanders. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Road Shoulders using Light Weight Deflectometer and Geogauge

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3107-3114
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Light Weight Deflectometer ◽  
Non Destructive

Shoulders are an important element of the highways that provide space for vehicles to stop during an emergency. A well-compacted shoulder provides structural firmness to a pavement by transferring overlying traffic loads to the underlying soil stratum. They provide lateral support to the pavement. In recent years, the use of non-destructive testing devices like Geogauge and Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) has emerged in our country. The main reason behind this is the inbuilt ability of Geogauge and LWD in the fast estimation of the elastic modulus of a shoulder on top of their ease to port, being cost-effective, the capability to give more amounts of data, etc. Thus, there is a need to assess these devices. The main objective of this paper is to develop correlations between the parameter obtained from these non-destructive devices and destructive test parameterslike dry density and CBR. The tests were conducted on thirty-two locations of road shoulders at the city of Patna, India. Geogauge, LWD and sand replacement or sand cone testing were performed at different locations and soil samples were collected for determination of CBR and water content in the laboratory. The result of regression analysis shows that a significant correlation exists between moduli obtained from the devices under investigation and standard test results i.e. dry density and CBR. These developed correlations may be used by the road engineers for assessment of the quality of the shoulders.

A review on cost effective analysis of antiepileptic drugs

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 5507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uthara S.S. ◽  
Mohammed Basheer ◽  
Anil Babu A.
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Effective Analysis

80% of the epilepsy patients were resides in developing countries. 12 million patients with epilepsy were in India that is One-sixth of the global burden is due to epilepsy. Those diseases were treated properly there is a greater reduction in seizure and people may leads to proper life, if untreated that may become a large increase in burden. Drugs are the main treatment for epilepsy. As compared with conventional AEDs newer drugs are much expensive some newer drugs were 10 to 20 times costlier than older drugs. if those expensive drugs reduce the seizure events, improves the quality of life and with lesser ADRs then the benefit justify the higher cost of the drug. The epilepsy burden can be reduced mainly by giving epilepsy care at low cost, given the lack of expertise in the management of epilepsy in poor areas.

scholarly journals Glaucoma in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Suman Shumshere Thapa ◽  
Indira Paudyal ◽  
Pratibha Lama Joshi ◽  
Kalpana Singh ◽  
Anil Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Screening Strategies

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The diagnosis and management of glaucoma is especially difficult in the developing countries. Lack of cost effective screening strategies, low income, low rates of literacy and inadequate infrastructures and human resources for eye care services are the obstacles for delivering glaucoma service. Majority of people with glaucoma in developing countries usually present at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis; which negatively affects their quality of life. Further research, proper allocation of resources and collaborative effort by blindness prevention programs will hopefully provide new evidences on cost effective ways to screen and manage glaucoma in the future. This article aims to highlight the burden of glaucoma and ways to address the challenges in developing countries.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Scope of Desktop 3D Printers in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5039-5043
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
3D Printers

AM is an advanced manufacturing technology used for fabricating parts in layers, from a CAD file. Various methods and materials have been developed to cater to its expanding applications. AM has seen tremendous growth in the recent past. While growth in the technical aspect is essential for the development of new techniques, growth in the economic aspect provides the need of innovation. With its ever-increasing industrial and personal applications, the 3D printing technology has experienced advancements in both the aspects. Yet its full potential has not been harnessed in developing countries. In this work, it is proposed to optimize the existing desktop 3D printers for developing countries. A market survey was conducted to recognise the lagging areas and the design modifications were made accordingly to produce a compact, efficient and cost-effective personal 3D printer for the respective needs and applications in developing countries. The data collected was relevant to the Indian market. The construction, testing and analysis of the prototype, 3D printer 1.0 and 3D printer 2.0 resulted in reduced cost, high print speed and improved product quality of the produced personal 3D printers, to make it suitable for the Indian market

Tingkat Pemahaman Kompetensi Guru Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi Sebagai Calon Guru Geografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Novia Zalmita ◽  
Muhajirah Muhajirah ◽  
Abdul Wahab Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teacher ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Long Time

One that influences human resource indicators is education. The teacher is a profession as a job of academic specialization in a relatively long time in college. Understanding related to teacher competence is very important to have by a prospective teacher because it can affect the quality of performance as a professional teacher. The teacher's competence is known as pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. The issue in this study is how the competency of the teacher of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as a prospective teacher of geography? The purpose of this study was to determine the competence of teachers in the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as prospective geography teachers. Quantitative description approach is used in this study to find answers to the issue. The population in this study were students of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah class of 2015 and 2016 who had been declared to have passed the Micro Teaching and Magang Kependidikan 3 course totaling 50 people. Because the population is small and can be reached, the determination of the sample using total sampling techniques so that the sample in this study is the whole population. Data collection is done by distributing test questions to respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics percentage formula. The results of the study indicate that the level of teacher competence of Geography Education Department students as prospective teachers is in the moderate category, namely as many as 22 respondents (44%). A total of 12 respondents (24%) were in the high category, 15 respondents (30%) were in the low category and 1 respondent (2%) were in the very low category.

Fluctuations of Annual Precipitation and Water Resources Quality in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4s) ◽  
pp. 621-629
Author(s):  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
◽  
John Harrington JR ◽  
Yulia Melnyk ◽  
Yuliya Vystavna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Phosphate Ion ◽  
Regional Trends

The article focuses on examining the influence of fluctuations in annual precipitation amount on the quality of surface waters. Water quality was estimated with data on BOD, COD and phosphate–ion concentration within five selected regions of Ukraine. Analysis of the precipitation data (1991 – 2010) showed different regional trends. Using the statistics, determination of the interconnection between precipitation amount and water resources quality were done. The obtained regularities and associated uncertainties can be used for prediction of changes in water resource quality and as a guide for future adaptation to possible climate change.

POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN SADE SEBAGAI DESA WISATA LOMBOK

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
W. Suprihatin ◽  
H. Hailuddin
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Priority Level ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Local Tradition ◽  
Tourist Village ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Initial Pattern

The background of the problems in this study is the decreasing quality of Sade hamlet amid rising tourist arrivals. From the environmental aspect, the conditions of the hamlet began to decline, in which the initial pattern of Sade has started a lot of changes towards the deficient and began to leave the local tradition. One effort to improve the condition of Sade hamlet in social, cultural and the environmental aspect is through the formulation of a sustainable structuring, the presence and identity maintaining and making a sustainable Tourism Village. Through analysis of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) by collecting the perceptions of some experts through interviews and questionnaires, obtained by weighting the priority of the experts, namely the preservation of culture as an element of priority-level goals to be achieved in the development of Sade Hamlet as a tourist village at 0,476. While the determination of the level of the main criteria in the achievement of these objectives is the highest weight while maintaining a typical village environment at 0.319. Priority strategies that get the highest weight of the experts is that Sade Hamlet Revitalization with a priority weighting of 0.583. The second priority is the relocation of Hamlet at 0.235. Lowest weighting or last priority is Replication Sade Hamlet at 0.182.

CREATING WALKING LED TRANSIT STATIONS FOR WOMEN IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yong Adilah Shamsul Harumain ◽  
Nur Farhana Azmi ◽  
Suhaini Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Female User

Transit stations are generally well known as nodes of spaces where percentage of people walking are relatively high. The issue is do more planning is actually given to create walkability. Creating walking led transit stations involves planning of walking distance, providing facilities like pathways, toilets, seating and lighting. On the other hand, creating walking led transit station for women uncover a new epitome. Walking becomes one of the most important forms of mobility for women in developing countries nowadays. Encouraging women to use public transportation is not just about another effort to promote the use of public transportation but also another great endeavour to reduce numbers of traffic on the road. This also means, creating an effort to control accidents rate, reducing carbon emission, improving health and eventually, developing the quality of life. Hence, in this paper, we sought first to find out the factors that motivate women to walk at transit stations in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey with 562 female user of Light Railway Transit (LRT) was conducted at LRT stations along Kelana Jaya Line. Both built and non-built environment characteristics, particularly distance, safety and facilities were found as factors that are consistently associated with women walkability. With these findings, the paper highlights the criteria  which are needed to create and make betterment of transit stations not just for women but also for walkability in general.

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