scholarly journals Opportunities and Scope of Desktop 3D Printers in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5039-5043
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
3D Printers

AM is an advanced manufacturing technology used for fabricating parts in layers, from a CAD file. Various methods and materials have been developed to cater to its expanding applications. AM has seen tremendous growth in the recent past. While growth in the technical aspect is essential for the development of new techniques, growth in the economic aspect provides the need of innovation. With its ever-increasing industrial and personal applications, the 3D printing technology has experienced advancements in both the aspects. Yet its full potential has not been harnessed in developing countries. In this work, it is proposed to optimize the existing desktop 3D printers for developing countries. A market survey was conducted to recognise the lagging areas and the design modifications were made accordingly to produce a compact, efficient and cost-effective personal 3D printer for the respective needs and applications in developing countries. The data collected was relevant to the Indian market. The construction, testing and analysis of the prototype, 3D printer 1.0 and 3D printer 2.0 resulted in reduced cost, high print speed and improved product quality of the produced personal 3D printers, to make it suitable for the Indian market

scholarly journals Thiamin Determination in Food: A Chromatographic Challenge (P13-038-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Verstraete ◽  
Christophe Stove
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thiamin Deficiency ◽  
Silanol Groups ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Mobile Phases ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Metabolic Reactions

Abstract Objectives Thiamin plays an essential role during several metabolic reactions. Thiamin deficiency is a problem in developing countries, where a varied diet is lacking and people mainly rely on rice, which contains insufficient levels of thiamin, for their energy supply. A cost-effective strategy to fight this deficiency is the improvement of the nutritional quality of staple crops via biofortification. Although several methods for the determination of thiamin have been published, no method exists which allows a combined determination of thiamin, its phosphate derivatives and precursors. Methods LC-MS/MS was used to determine the low-level and labile thiamin vitamers. Volatile buffers are required for MS/MS detection, excluding commonly used phosphate buffers. Furthermore, determination of thiamin mono (TMP)- and diphosphate (TPP) is highly challenging due to their strong polar and ionogenic character, whereby regular C18 columns lack retention. HILIC columns are recommended for these types of compounds, however, the solubility of the phosphate derivatives is incompatible with the required organic injection solvent. Therefore, we tested numerous columns and mobile phases, in order to determine all five compounds in one chromatographic run from a single biological sample. Results With the Gemini® C18 column (Phenomenex) we were able to separate all compounds of interest. However, TMP and TPP could only be detected under basic conditions (≥pH 8.8), which resulted in secondary interactions between the charged silanol groups and the quaternary thiamin. We therefore transferred our method to a Gemini® NX C18 column, which offers a higher robustness at high pH and minimizes peak tailing since silanol groups are shielded. Finally, in an 8 minute run, we could achieve acceptable separation of all thiamin vitamers and precursors, with sufficient sensitivity for their determination in ≤200 mg of wild-type unpolished rice and Arabidopsis samples. Conclusions An LC-MS/MS method was successfully developed for the combined determination of all thiamin vitamers and precursors. Application of this method will allow to guide the effectiveness of biofortification strategies in order to fight thiamine deficiency in developing countries. Funding Sources The research was supported by the Research Foundation – Flanders. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Modeling the Producibility of 3D Printing in Polylactic Acid Using Artificial Neural Networks and Fused Filament Fabrication

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3219
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saleh Meiabadi ◽  
Mahmoud Moradi ◽  
Mojtaba Karamimoghadam ◽  
Sina Ardabili ◽  
Mahdi Bodaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
End Use ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Part Thickness

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a highly applicable material that is used in 3D printers due to some significant features such as its deformation property and affordable cost. For improvement of the end-use quality, it is of significant importance to enhance the quality of fused filament fabrication (FFF)-printed objects in PLA. The purpose of this investigation was to boost toughness and to reduce the production cost of the FFF-printed tensile test samples with the desired part thickness. To remove the need for numerous and idle printing samples, the response surface method (RSM) was used. Statistical analysis was performed to deal with this concern by considering extruder temperature (ET), infill percentage (IP), and layer thickness (LT) as controlled factors. The artificial intelligence method of artificial neural network (ANN) and ANN-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were further developed to estimate the toughness, part thickness, and production-cost-dependent variables. Results were evaluated by correlation coefficient and RMSE values. According to the modeling results, ANN-GA as a hybrid machine learning (ML) technique could enhance the accuracy of modeling by about 7.5, 11.5, and 4.5% for toughness, part thickness, and production cost, respectively, in comparison with those for the single ANN method. On the other hand, the optimization results confirm that the optimized specimen is cost-effective and able to comparatively undergo deformation, which enables the usability of printed PLA objects.

scholarly journals Comparing Cost and Print Time Estimates for Six Commercially-Available 3D Printers Obtained Through Slicing Software for Clinically Relevant Anatomical Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Vic Chen ◽  
Alan BC Dang ◽  
Alexis Dang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Orthopaedic Care ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Digital Anatomy

Abstract Background3D printed patient-specific anatomical models have been applied clinically to orthopaedic care for surgical planning and patient education. The estimated cost and print time per model for 3D printers have not yet been compared with clinically representative models across multiple printing technologies. This study investigates six commercially available 3D printers: Prusa i3 MK3S, Formlabs Form 2, Formlabs Form 3, LulzBot TAZ 6, Stratasys F370, and Stratasys J750 Digital Anatomy.MethodsSeven representative orthopaedic standard tessellation models derived from anonymized CT scans were imported into the respective slicing software for each 3D printer. For each 3D printer and corresponding print setting, the slicing software provides a computed print time and material use estimate. Material quantity was used to calculate estimated model cost. Print settings investigated were infill percentage, layer height, and model orientation on the print bed. The slicing software investigated are Cura LulzBot Edition 3.6.20, GrabCAD Print 1.43, PreForm 3.4.6, and PrusaSlicer 2.2.0.ResultsThe effect of changing infill between 15% and 20% on estimated print time and material use appears to be negligible. Orientation of the model has considerable impact on time and cost with worst-case differences being as much as 39.30% added print time and 34.56% added costs. Averaged across all investigated settings, horizontal model orientation on the print bed minimizes estimated print time for all 3D printers, while vertical model orientation generally minimizes cost with the exception of Stratasys J750 Digital Anatomy, in which horizontal model orientation also minimized cost. Decreasing layer height for all investigated 3D printers increased estimated print time and decreased estimated cost with the exception of Stratasys F370, in which cost increased. The difference in material cost was approximately two orders of magnitude between the least and most-expensive printers.ConclusionsAll investigated 3D printers in this study have the potential for clinical utility. Print time and print cost are dependent on orientation of anatomy and the 3D printers and settings selected. Cost-effective clinical 3D printing of anatomic models should consider an appropriate printer for the complexity of the anatomy and the experience of the printer technicians.

A review on cost effective analysis of antiepileptic drugs

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 5507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uthara S.S. ◽  
Mohammed Basheer ◽  
Anil Babu A.
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Effective Analysis

80% of the epilepsy patients were resides in developing countries. 12 million patients with epilepsy were in India that is One-sixth of the global burden is due to epilepsy. Those diseases were treated properly there is a greater reduction in seizure and people may leads to proper life, if untreated that may become a large increase in burden. Drugs are the main treatment for epilepsy. As compared with conventional AEDs newer drugs are much expensive some newer drugs were 10 to 20 times costlier than older drugs. if those expensive drugs reduce the seizure events, improves the quality of life and with lesser ADRs then the benefit justify the higher cost of the drug. The epilepsy burden can be reduced mainly by giving epilepsy care at low cost, given the lack of expertise in the management of epilepsy in poor areas.

The Financial Evaluation and Economic Application of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

1986 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
P L Primrose ◽  
R Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Financial Evaluation ◽  
Investment Appraisal ◽  
Economic Application ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Traditional Approaches

The traditional approaches to investment appraisal are examined and it is shown that these exhibit severe limitations when applied to advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). In particular, the financial advantages of AMT are usually understated, with the result that companies fail to invest in highly viable projects. The paper then demonstrates how investment appraisal can be correctly performed by use of an integrated suite of programs, and that when the company-wide benefits of AMT are embraced within the DCF evaluation, AMT emerges as being cost effective. The advantages of using the programs are illustrated by examples from each facet of AMT (for example, robotics, CNC, FMS, CAD/CAM and MRP) with conclusions being derived showing how the traditional objective of reductions in direct costs changes when the investment is viewed company-wide. Finally, it is shown how this change in perspective, in turn, induces a re-appraisal of the direction that AMT development should take if its full potential is to be realized.

Investigation of Delta Robot 3D Printer for a Good Quality of Printing

2017 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Tiao Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Printing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Environment ◽  
3D Printers

Within this couple of years, a group of skilled people called “Maker” are interested in building everything by themselves. They attempt to develop a small manufacturing environment where allows people to execute a low cost fabrication task. In order to achieve this goal, they utilized flexible and smart manufacturing machines like 3D printers, laser cutter and small CNC. Especially 3D printer, its excellent performances had grasped many government administrators’ attention and developing 3D printing industry has become an important policy of many countries. Some of 3D printing patents have been expired within recent years. This event makes opens sources of 3D printers grow very fast. The Kossel Mini, Rostock and Prusa i3 are the typical examples. All of development kits of the above printers can be freely obtained from the Internet. This event makes a low cost fabrication become possible. However, the quality of their printed parts is dependent on a series of calibrations. The calibrations include defining the dimensions of hard frame of the printer, configuring firmware and setting building parameters of software. In order to let users to go through entire calibrating process, this paper proposed a standard procedure to calibrate Kossel Mini as well as make it print a good quality part.

Towards an ultra-affordable 3D bioprinter: A Heated Inductive-Enabled Syringe Pump Extrusion (HISPE) multifunction module for open-source FDM 3D printers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Lamis R. Darwish ◽  
Mohamed T. El-Wakad ◽  
Mahmoud Farag
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Syringe Pump ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Filament Diameter ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Abstract The extrusion systems of the widespread Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printers enable printing only with materials in the filament form. This property hinders the usage of these FDM 3D printers in many fields where the printing materials are in forms other than filaments. Thus, this paper proposes a Heated Inductive-enabled Syringe Pump Extrusion (HISPE) multifunction open-source module with a potential application in bioprinting (i.e., extrusion-based bioprinting). The proposed HISPE module is designed to be cost-effective, simple, and easy to replicate. It is capable of replacing the conventional extrusion system of any open-source cartesian FDM 3D printer. This module widens both the range of the FDM 3D printing materials (e.g., bioinks, biopolymers, blends of materials, or composites) and their forms (e.g., hydrogels, powder, pellets, or flakes). The capabilities of the proposed module were investigated through 3D printing bone scaffolds with a filament diameter of 400 µm and pore size of 350 µm by a Polycaprolactone (PCL) biodegradable polymer in the pellets form. The morphological accuracy of the printed scaffolds was investigated by SEM. The investigation results confirm the accurateness of the proposed HISPE module in printing high-precision models.

scholarly journals Glaucoma in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Suman Shumshere Thapa ◽  
Indira Paudyal ◽  
Pratibha Lama Joshi ◽  
Kalpana Singh ◽  
Anil Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Screening Strategies

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The diagnosis and management of glaucoma is especially difficult in the developing countries. Lack of cost effective screening strategies, low income, low rates of literacy and inadequate infrastructures and human resources for eye care services are the obstacles for delivering glaucoma service. Majority of people with glaucoma in developing countries usually present at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis; which negatively affects their quality of life. Further research, proper allocation of resources and collaborative effort by blindness prevention programs will hopefully provide new evidences on cost effective ways to screen and manage glaucoma in the future. This article aims to highlight the burden of glaucoma and ways to address the challenges in developing countries.

CREATING WALKING LED TRANSIT STATIONS FOR WOMEN IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yong Adilah Shamsul Harumain ◽  
Nur Farhana Azmi ◽  
Suhaini Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Female User

Transit stations are generally well known as nodes of spaces where percentage of people walking are relatively high. The issue is do more planning is actually given to create walkability. Creating walking led transit stations involves planning of walking distance, providing facilities like pathways, toilets, seating and lighting. On the other hand, creating walking led transit station for women uncover a new epitome. Walking becomes one of the most important forms of mobility for women in developing countries nowadays. Encouraging women to use public transportation is not just about another effort to promote the use of public transportation but also another great endeavour to reduce numbers of traffic on the road. This also means, creating an effort to control accidents rate, reducing carbon emission, improving health and eventually, developing the quality of life. Hence, in this paper, we sought first to find out the factors that motivate women to walk at transit stations in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey with 562 female user of Light Railway Transit (LRT) was conducted at LRT stations along Kelana Jaya Line. Both built and non-built environment characteristics, particularly distance, safety and facilities were found as factors that are consistently associated with women walkability. With these findings, the paper highlights the criteria  which are needed to create and make betterment of transit stations not just for women but also for walkability in general.

Developing the culture and discipline of conducting and publishing scientific research: Guiding principles

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Daniel Obeng-Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Writing ◽  
Weekly Schedule ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Heavy Workload ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Mentoring System ◽  
Critical Constraints

The pressure to publish is a fact of life in academia. Academics are expected to demonstrate that they are active researchersand that their work has been vetted by peers and disseminated in reputable scholarly forums. In practice, however, a numberof critical constraints hamper effective publication of scientific research in most developing countries. These include lackof effective mentoring system, poor facilities and inadequate funding for effective research and heavy workload where toomuch time and effort are spent in teaching, grading, meetings and other non-academic activities. In spite of these seeminglyinsurmountable challenges, with proper planning and commitment, one can still conduct research and publish to advanceones career and exchange of knowledge. The paper discusses the critical guiding principles in scientific writing and publishingin an unfriendly research environment as pertains in most universities in the developing world. The overriding principle isto cultivate the discipline of scientific writing consciously and follow it through religiously. This could be achieved if time isallocated for scientific writing in the scheme of weekly schedule of activities and made to be functional through meticulousplanning and commitment. Equally important is to avoid procedural mistakes in scientific writing. While the quality of theresearch is the single most important factor in determining whether an article will be published, a number of proceduralmistakes can help tip the balance against its publication. It should also be noted that when a manuscript is submitted to ascholarly journal, there are two audiences to satisfy: first the editor and external reviewers, and then the journal’s readers.That first group must be satisfied to create the opportunity to appeal to the second. Thus, familiarity with the style and tone ofthe specific journal is crucial.

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