scholarly journals Responses on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire Restraint and Disinhibition Scales Change After a Controlled Energy-Restricted Diet (P21-002-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela De Leon ◽  
James Roemmich ◽  
Shanon Casperson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract Objectives The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) is a validated psychometric tool widely used in nutrition research. The TFEQ measures three constructs related to human eating behavior (cognitive restraint of eating, disinhibition, and perceived hunger) and is typically used to identify “fixed” traits associated with obesity. Although inconsistent, evidence suggests that these constructs may be modifiable with diet and weight loss. We sought to determine the mutability of each TFEQ construct in response to a controlled energy-restricted diet in overweight and obese women. Methods Healthy overweight and obese women aged 20–44 (N = 19) were provided with all foods for daily consumption at a level of 20% reduction of usual energy intake for a period of 8 weeks. Study food was packaged as separate meals representing breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Participants were instructed to consume all foods together as separate meals and between-meal snacking was prohibited. Body weight was measured at baseline and then weekly during the intervention. The TFEQ was administered at baseline and at the end of the 8-week controlled feeding. Differences in scores for each factor of the TFEQ were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results are presented as means ± SD. Results On average, participants lost 3.8 ± 1.7 kg. TFEQ restraint scores were greater at the end of week 8 (12.3 ± 4.5) compared to baseline (8.2 ± 4.4), t(18) = 4.00, P < 0.001. Conversely, TFEQ disinhibition scores were lower at week 8 (6.9 ± 3.4) compared to baseline (9.5 ± 2.6), t(18) = 3.42, P = 0.003. Though not significantly different, TFEQ hunger scores were greater at baseline (6.7 ± 3.3) compared to week 8 (5.2 ± 3.4) despite 8 weeks of weight loss. Changes in TFEQ scores did not correlate with change in body weight. Conclusions These results suggest that dietary restriction aimed at eliminating between-meal snacking increases cognitive restraint of eating and decreases disinhibition, independent of weight loss. Additionally, the conscious intention of adhering to eating only 3 meals a day may have improved the perception of hunger cues while reducing susceptibility to external food cues. These attitudinal and behavioral changes are important for adherence to a healthy eating pattern. Funding Sources United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service #3062-51000-051-00D and the North Dakota Beef Commission.

scholarly journals The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and BMI in adolescents: results from the Québec Family Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1074-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Gallant ◽  
A. Tremblay ◽  
L. Pérusse ◽  
C. Bouchard ◽  
J.-P. Després ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Flexible Control ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Quebec Family Study ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Three Factor

Eating behaviour traits are associated with body weight variations in adults. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) measures cognitive restraint, disinhibition and hunger, as well as their corresponding subscales, e.g. rigid and flexible control. The TFEQ has not been widely used in adolescents to investigate eating behaviour traits associated with body weight. The aim of the present study was to assess whether eating behaviour traits were associated with BMI in male and female adolescents. Sixty adolescents (thirty females and thirty males; mean age 15·0 (sd 2·4) years) from the Québec Family Study completed the TFEQ and 3 d dietary records. There were no sex differences in the TFEQ scores. Rigid control, disinhibition and emotional susceptibility (to overeat) were positively related to BMI z-scores for the entire sample (r 0·3, P < 0·05). There was a positive relationship between BMI z-scores and rigid control (r 0·39, P < 0·05) in females, while BMI z-scores were positively related to emotional susceptibility (r 0·42, P < 0·02) and disinhibition (r 0·41, P < 0·03) in males. Adolescents characterised by both high disinhibition and high rigid control had significantly higher BMI z-scores than those by both low disinhibition and low rigid control. There were no significant differences in BMI z-scores between the flexible control categories. Dietary macronutrient content was not consistently related to eating behaviour traits. These results show that the eating behaviour traits of disinhibition and rigid control are independently related to BMI z-scores in this group of adolescents.

scholarly journals Impact of Experimentally Induced Cognitive Dietary Restraint on Eating Behavior Traits, Appetite Sensations, and Markers of Stress during Energy Restriction in Overweight/Obese Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Morin ◽  
Catherine Bégin ◽  
Julie Maltais-Giguère ◽  
Alexandra Bédard ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Weight loss has been associated with changes in eating behaviors and appetite sensations that favor a regain in body weight. Since traditional weight loss approaches emphasize the importance of increasing cognitive dietary restraint (CDR) to achieve negative energy imbalance, it is difficult to untangle the respective contributions of energy restriction and increases in CDR on factors that can eventually lead to body weight regain. The present study aimed at comparing the effects of energy restriction alone or in combination with experimentally induced CDR on eating behavior traits, appetite sensations, and markers of stress in overweight and obese women. We hypothesized that the combination of energy restriction and induced CDR would lead to more prevalent food cravings, increased appetite sensations, and higher cortisol concentrations than when energy restriction is not coupled with induced CDR. A total of 60 premenopausal women (mean BMI: 32.0 kg/m2; mean age: 39.4 y) were provided with a low energy density diet corresponding to 85% of their energy needs during a 4-week fully controlled period. At the same time, women were randomized to either a condition inducing an increase in CDR (CDR+ group) or a condition in which CDR was not induced (CRD− group). Eating behavior traits (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and Food Craving Questionnaire), appetite sensations (after standardized breakfast), and markers of stress (Perceived Stress Scale; postawakening salivary cortisol) were measured before (T = 0 week) and after (T = 4 weeks) the 4-week energy restriction, as well as 3 months later. There was an increase in CDR in the CDR+ group while no such change was observed in the CDR− group (p=0.0037). No between-group differences were observed for disinhibition, hunger, cravings, appetite sensations, perceived stress, and cortisol concentrations. These results suggest that a slight increase in CDR has no negative impact on factors regulating energy balance in the context of energy restriction.

Cognitive restraint and impulsive eating: Insights from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire.

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lorraine Collins ◽  
William M. Lapp ◽  
Lynn Helder ◽  
Judith A. Saltzberg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Three Factor

scholarly journals The value of blood serotonin for effective weight loss in obese women

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Vadimovna Anikina ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Excessive Accumulation ◽  
Made In

Introduction. Obesity is a disorder of energy balance, which leads to excessive accumulation of fat. In recent years, many important discoveries were made in this field, including the discovery of hormones produced by adipose tissue and the identification of many of the central and peripheral pathways of energy balance.Objective. To study the levels of hormones that affect appetite and metabolism in women with obesity baseline and after weight loss while taking sibutramine.Materials and methods. The study included 56 women aged 42,9±9,5 years, with a BMI of 34,6±6,1 kg/m2. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination. Hormonal study included determination of serotonin, leptin, ghrelin, endothelin-1, adiponectin.Results: In women with obesity we identified hyperleptinemia and increased serotonin levels. The decrease in body weight in patients receiving sibutramine was accompanied by lower levels of serotonin, leptin, ghrelin, endothelin-1, and increase of adiponectin.Conclusions: Obese patients have significantly elevated levels of leptin, serotonin, ghrelin compared to women of normal weight. Sibutramine treatment leads to a decrease in serotonin, leptin, ghrelin and is more effective in women with a BMI less than 36,5 kg/m2.

Increased circadian prolactin release is blunted after body weight loss in obese premenopausal women

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. E218-E224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Kok ◽  
Ferdinand Roelfsema ◽  
Janneke G. Langendonk ◽  
Caroline C. de Wit ◽  
Marijke Frölich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Very Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Dopamine 2 Receptor ◽  
Plasma Prl

We recently showed that prolactin (PRL) release is considerably enhanced in obese women in proportion to the size of their visceral fat mass. PRL release is inhibited by dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) activation, and dietary restriction/weight loss are associated with increased dopaminergic signaling in animals. Therefore, we hypothesized that enhanced PRL release in obese humans would be reversed by weight loss. To evaluate this postulate, we measured 24-h plasma PRL concentrations at 10-min intervals in 11 obese premenopausal women (BMI 33.3 ± 0.7 kg/m2) before and after weight loss (50% reduction of overweight/15% absolute weight loss, using a very low-calorie diet) in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. The 24-h PRL concentration profiles were analyzed by a peak detection program (Cluster) and a wave form-independent deconvolution technique (Pulse). Spontaneous 24-h PRL secretion was significantly reduced in obese women [mean daily release, before 128 ± 24 vs. after weight loss 110 ± 17 μg/liter distribution volume (Vdl)−1 × 24 h, P = 0.05]. Body weight loss particularly blunted PRL secretory burst mass (Pulse area, before 230 ± 28 vs. after weight loss 221 ± 31 μg/Vdl−1 × 24 h, P = 0.03), whereas burst frequency was unaffected (no. of pulses, before 11 ± 1 vs. after weight loss 12 ± 1 n/24 h, P = 0.69). Thus elevated PRL secretion rate in obese women is significantly reduced after loss of 50% of overweight. We speculate that amelioration of deficit D2R-mediated neurotransmission and/or diminutions of circulating leptin/estrogen levels might be involved in the physiology of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Reconsidering the Energy Homeostasis Hypothesis. the Proposed Role of Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) Driving Increased Energy Intake After Weight Loss (OR09-04-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Pankey ◽  
Kyle Flack ◽  
Kelsey Ufholz ◽  
LuAnn Johnson ◽  
James Roemmich
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Food Reinforcement ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Service Project

Abstract Objectives Hypotheses of appetite control and food reinforcement are based on gut and adipose peptide signaling to central appetite centers. Contemporary models propose that RMR and FFM changes modify food reinforcement and this may be best observed after weight loss when body mass is purported to be regained until pre-weight loss FFM is restored. Here we assess the associations of change (∆, post-training value minus pre-training value) in food reinforcement with ∆ fat mass (FM), ∆FFM, and ∆RMR after exercise-induced weight loss. Methods Subjects (n = 29, BMI = 25–35 kg/m2) engaged in a 6-wk aerobic exercise protocol expending either 300 or 600 kcal, 5 d/wk. Relative reinforcement value of food (RRVfood) was measured via a computer-based operant responding task, in which subjects could “earn” access to food or sedentary reinforcers. Schedules of reinforcement for each alternative started at 4 and doubled after every 5 points. Completed schedules were recorded for each alternative (PMaxfood, PMaxsed) and the ratio ((PMaxfood/(PMaxfood + PMaxsed)) determined RRVfood. RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry. FFM was determined by DEXA. Spearman correlation analysis determined correlations between variables at pre and post, and between ∆ scores. A generalized linear mixed model tested the main and interactive effects of ∆FFM and ∆RMR on ∆PMaxfood. Results At baseline, there were no correlations between outcome measures. At post-training, FFM correlated to PMaxfood (P < 0.01, r = 0.52). ∆RMR negatively correlated with ∆PMaxfood (P < 0.01, r = −0.48) and with ∆RRVfood (P < 0.06, r = −0.36). ∆PMaxfood did not associate with ∆FFM (P = 0.71, r = 0.07). ∆RMR predicted (P < 0.05) ∆PMaxfood when controlling for ∆FFM and ∆PMaxfood*∆FFM. Conclusions FFM correlated with PMaxfood post-training; however, ∆PMaxfood did not correlate to ∆FFM, so, ∆FFM may be necessary, but insufficient to increase PMaxfood after weight loss. ∆RMR inversely predicted ∆PMaxfood when controlling for FFM, suggesting that reductions in RMR with weight loss increases ∆PMaxfood perhaps as a means of restoring pre-weight loss FFM and RMR. This model would predict that limiting reductions in RMR during weight loss could benefit weight loss maintenance by limiting increases in food reinforcement. Funding Sources United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service project 3062-51000-51-00D.

scholarly journals High Circulating Thyrotropin Levels in Obese Women Are Reduced after Body Weight Loss Induced by Caloric Restriction

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 4659-4663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Kok ◽  
Ferdinand Roelfsema ◽  
Janneke G. Langendonk ◽  
Marijke Frölich ◽  
Jacobus Burggraaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Women
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