scholarly journals The Omega-3 Index and Long-term Walnut Consumption in Elderly Participants of the WAHA Study (P08-107-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Jehi ◽  
Sujatha Rajaram ◽  
Joan Sabate ◽  
Edward Bitok ◽  
Keiji Oda
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Habitual Diet ◽  
Loma Linda University

Abstract Objectives To determine if consuming walnuts daily for 2 years would improve the omega-3 index in healthy elderly compared to habitual diet without walnuts. Methods Design: Secondary analysis of the Walnuts and Healthy Aging (WAHA) study, a 2-year, randomized controlled clinical trial, conducted in Loma Linda University, CA, USA and Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a walnut or a control group. Study Population Included 193 WAHA study subjects from the Loma Linda center only, whose blood samples were collected and analyzed for RBC fatty acids. Statistical analysis To assess whether the changes of the Omega-3 index from baseline to year 1 and baseline to year 2 are significantly different between the walnut and control groups. Unstructured covariance model best fitted the data and was utilized. Then, repeated measures analyses were conducted to assess the delta change differences based on generalized least squares model. Results Omega-3 index did not significantly change between baseline and year 1 in either group. The index significantly increased by 1.5% (P < 0.001) in walnut group and by 1.8% (P < 0.001) in control group between baseline and year 2. This between-group difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions Preliminary findings suggest that consuming walnuts, a rich source of ALA, may not be adequate to improve the omega-3 index compared to a walnut free habitual diet. Background intake of EPA and DHA may have a more pronounced influence on the index and needs to be further explored. Funding Sources California Walnut Commission, Folsom, CA.

scholarly journals Walnut Consumption for Two Years and Leukocyte Telomere Attrition in Mediterranean Elders: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania-Marisa Freitas-Simoes ◽  
Montserrat Cofán ◽  
Maria Blasco ◽  
Nora Soberón ◽  
Miguel Foronda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Loma Linda University ◽  
Aging Study

Randomized controlled trials on diet and shortening of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) mostly focus on marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Walnuts are a sustainable source of n-3 PUFA. We investigated whether inclusion of walnuts (15% of energy) in the diet for 2 years would maintain LTL in cognitively healthy elders (63–79 years old) compared to a control group (habitual diet, abstaining from walnuts). This opportunistic sub-study was conducted within the Walnuts and Healthy Aging study, a dual-centre (Barcelona, Spain and Loma Linda University, California) parallel trial. A sub-set of the Barcelona site participants were randomly assigned to the walnut (n = 80) or control group (n = 69). We assessed LTL at baseline and at 2 years and we conducted repeated-measures ANCOVA with 2 factors: time (baseline, 2 years) and group (control, walnut) and their interaction. Adjusted means (95% confidence interval) of LTL (in kb) in controls were 7.360 (7.084,7.636) at baseline and 7.061 (6.835,7.288) after 2 years; corresponding values in the walnut group were 7.064 (6.807,7.320) and 7.074 (6.864,7.284). The time × intervention interaction was nearly significant (p = 0.079), suggestive of a trend of walnut consumption in preserving LTL. This exploratory research finding should be confirmed in trials with adequate statistical power.

Evaluation of Genotoxicity and Efficacy of At-home Bleaching in Smokers: A Single-blind Controlled Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. E47-E55 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL de Geus ◽  
M Rezende ◽  
LS Margraf ◽  
MC Bortoluzzi ◽  
E Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
At Home

SUMMARY Objective This single-blind controlled study evaluated the genotoxicity and efficacy of at-home bleaching in smokers and nonsmokers. Methods We selected 60 patients with central incisors A2 or darker: 30 smokers (experimental group) and 30 nonsmokers (control group). The bleaching was carried out with 10% carbamide peroxide for three hours a day for three weeks. The color was evaluated using a shade guide, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-Master, at baseline, during bleaching (first, second, and third weeks), and one week and one month after bleaching. Smears were obtained with a moistened wooden spatula from marginal gingiva. All the cytologic smears were stained with Giemsa solution. From each slide, 1000 cells were examined under 40× magnification and where micronuclei (MN) were located, they were examined under 100× magnification. The change in shade guide units at the different assessment periods and the frequency of MN were subjected to a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results In both groups we detected a whitening of approximately 4 to 5 shade guide units, without color rebound after one month (p&gt;0.05). The frequency of MN was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, regardless of the bleaching treatment (p&gt;0.001). Conclusion The efficacy of bleaching does not appear to be affected by the smoking habit. Additionally, at-home bleaching did not induce DNA damage to the gingival tissue during the bleaching period.

Effect of an early mobilisation programme on pain intensity after laparoscopic surgery: a randomised clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002618
Author(s):  
Azam Dehghani ◽  
Ali Hajibagheri ◽  
Ismail Azizi-Fini ◽  
Fatemeh Atoof ◽  
Noushin Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Early Mobilisation ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundPain is a common complication after laparoscopic surgery. This study aimed to examine the effect of an early mobilisation programme on postoperative pain intensity after laparoscopic surgery.MethodsA randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran. The patients were randomly allocated to intervention (n=40) and a control (n=40) group. In the intervention group, an early mobilisation programme was implemented in two rounds. The patient’s perceived pain was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale 15 min before and 30 min after each round of early mobilisation. Data were analysed through the independent samples t, χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests and the repeated measures analysis.ResultsThe repeated measures analysis showed that the mean pain scores have been decreased over time (F=98.88, p<0.001). Considering the observed interaction between time and the intervention, the t test was used for pairwise comparisons and showed that the mean pain score was not significantly different between the two groups in 15 min before the first round of early mobilisation (p=0.95). However, the mean pain in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group in all subsequent measurements (p<0.05).ConclusionEarly mobilisation programmes such as the one implemented in the current study are easy and inexpensive and can be implemented safely for the reduction of pain after laparoscopic surgeries.

scholarly journals Omega-3 in The Treatment of Mood and Sleep Disorders Induced by Hormone Therapy in Women with Breast Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Nourosi ◽  
Erfan Naghsh ◽  
Sahar Esmaeil zadeh ◽  
Valiollah Mehrzad ◽  
Ali Darakhshandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Falling Asleep

Abstract Purpose This study was performed to investigate the effect of omega-3 on the treatment of mood and sleep disorder induced by menopausal complications due to hormone therapy in patients with breast cancer. Methods A placebo, double-blind and controlled trial was designed in oncology-hematology outpatient’s clinic of Omid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. First, sixty patients were screened by hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) for any baseline mood disorders and then divided into either intervention group who had received 2 grams’ omega-3 daily for 4 weeks or identical placebo. Then, the patients were considered to assess by center for epidemiological studies-depression scale (CES-D), profile of mood states (POMS), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaires at the baseline and after 4-week follow-up. Results Findings showed that the mean scores of CES-D (P = 0.002), POMS (P = 0.03), and PSQI (P = 0.04) were significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group. In the intervention group, mean scores of CES-D (P <0.001), POMS (P <0.001), and PSQI (P = 0.003) were significantly lower in post-intervention than pre-intervention. Mean changes in scores of CES-D (P = 0.01), POMS (P = 0.001), and PSQI (P = 0.02) were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group. Conclusion Our findings revealed that omega-3 supplementation have the potential to reduce mood disorders as well as to improve sleep quality in terms of subjective sleep quality, delay in falling asleep, sleep delay, and sleep disturbance in patients with breast cancer.

scholarly journals Effects of Lower Extremities Constraint Induced Movement Therapy on Gait and Balance of Chronic Hemiparetic Patients After Stroke: Description of a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Menezes Oliveira ◽  
Gabriela da Silva Matuti ◽  
Clarissa Barros de Oliveira ◽  
Simone Ferreira de Freitas ◽  
Catia Miyuki Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Movement Therapy ◽  
Clinical Event ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy

Abstract BackgroundProtocols involving intensive practice have shown positive outcomes. Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIT) appears to be one of the best options for better outcomes in upper limb rehabilitation, but we still have little data about Lower Extremities - Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (LE-CIT) and its effects on gait and balance.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of an LE-CIT protocol on gait functionality and balance in chronic hemiparetic patients following a stroke.MethodsThe study adopts a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study design. 42 patients who suffered a stroke event, in the chronic phase of recovery (>6 months), with gait disability (no community gait), able to walk at least 10 meters with or without the advice or support of 1 person, will be randomly allocated to 2 groups: the LE-CIT Group or the Control Group (Intensive Conventional Therapy). People will be excluded if they have speech deficits that render them unable to understand and/or answer properly to evaluation scales and exercises selected for the protocol and/or if they have suffered any clinical event between the screening and the beginning of the protocol. Outcome will be assessed at baseline (T0), immediately after the intervention (T1), and after 6 months (T2). The outcome measures chosen for this trial are: 6 minute walk test (6minWT), 10 meter walk test (10mWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), 3-D gait analysis (3DGA), Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) and, as a secondary measure, Lower Extremity Motor Activity Log will be evaluated (LE-MAL). The participants in both groups will receive 15 followed days of daily exercise. The participants in the LE-CIT Group will be submitted to this protocol 2.5 hour/day for 15 followed days. It will include: 1) intensive supervised training, 2) use of shaping as strategy for motor training, and 3) application of a transfer package (plus 30 minutes). The Control Group will receive conventional physiotherapy for 2.5 hours/day over 15 followed days (the same period as the CIT intervention). Repeated measures analyses will be made to compare differences and define clinically relevant changes between groups.ResultsData collection is currently on-going and results are expected in 2021.Discussion: LE-CIT seems to be a good protocol for inclusion into stroke survivors’ rehabilitation as it has all the components needed for positive results, as well as intensity and transference of gains to daily life activities.Trial Registration: www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br (Register Number: RBR-467cv6). Date of registration: October 10, 2017. “Effects of Lower Extremities - Constraint Induced Therapy on gait and balance function in chronic hemipretic post-stroke patients”.

scholarly journals Effects of Meditation on Mental Health and Cardiovascular Balance in Caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Lourdes Díaz-Rodríguez ◽  
Keyla Vargas-Román ◽  
Juan Carlos Sanchez-Garcia ◽  
Raquel Rodríguez-Blanque ◽  
Guillermo Arturo Cañadas-De la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Vagal Nerve Activity ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Mental Overload ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Caring for a loved one can be rewarding but is also associated with substantial caregiver burden, developing mental outcomes and affecting happiness. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a four-week, 16-h presential meditation program on physiological and psychological parameters and vagal nerve activity in high-burden caregivers, as compared to a control group. Methods: A non-randomized repeated-measures controlled clinical trial was conducted. Results: According to the ANCOVA results, the global happiness score (F = 297.42, p < 0.001) and the scores for all subscales were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 5 weeks. Anxiety levels were also significantly reduced in the experimental group (F = 24.92, p < 0.001), systolic (F = 16.23, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood (F = 34.39, p < 0.001) pressures, and the resting heart rate (F = 17.90, p < 0.05). HRV results revealed significant between-group differences in the HRV Index (F = 8.40, p < 0.05), SDNN (F = 13.59, p < 0.05), and RMSSD (F = 10.72, p < 0.05) in the time domain, and HF (F = 4.82 p < 0.05)) in the frequency domain, which were all improved in the experimental group after the meditation program. Conclusions: Meditation can be a useful therapy to enhance the mental health and autonomic nervous system balance of informal caregivers, improving symptoms of physical and mental overload.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Walnut Supplementation on Body Weight in Free-Living Elderly: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Bitok ◽  
Sujatha Rajaram ◽  
Karen Jaceldo-Siegl ◽  
Keiji Oda ◽  
Aleix Sala-Vila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Loma Linda University ◽  
Aging Study

Objective: To assess the effects of chronic walnut consumption on body weight and adiposity in elderly individuals. Methods: The Walnuts and Healthy Aging study is a dual-center (Barcelona, Spain and Loma Linda University (LLU)), 2-year randomized parallel trial. This report concerns only the LLU cohort. Healthy elders (mean age 69 year, 67% women) were randomly assigned to walnut (n = 183) or control diets (n = 173). Subjects in the walnut group received packaged walnuts (28–56 g/day), equivalent to ≈15% of daily energy requirements, to incorporate into their habitual diet, while those in the control group abstained from walnuts. Adiposity was measured periodically, and data were adjusted for in-trial changes in self-reported physical activity. Results: After 2 years, body weight significantly decreased (p = 0.031), while body fat significantly increased (p = 0.0001). However, no significant differences were observed between the control and walnut groups regarding body weight (−0.6 kg and −0.4 kg, respectively, p = 0.67) or body fat (+0.9% and +1.3%, respectively, p = 0.53). Lean body mass, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio remained essentially unchanged. Sensitivity analyses were consistent with the findings of primary analysis. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that walnuts can be incorporated into the daily diet of healthy elders without concern for adverse effects on body weight or body composition.

scholarly journals Kinesio Taping and the Circulation and Endurance Ratio of the Gastrocnemius Muscle

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Stedge ◽  
Ryan M. Kroskie ◽  
Carrie L. Docherty
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Kinesio Taping

Context Kinesio Tex tape is a therapeutic tape that is applied with the Kinesio-taping (KT) method and is theorized to increase circulation and subsequently improve muscle function. However, little research has been conducted to determine how KT affects performance. Objective To determine the effect of KT on muscular endurance ratio, blood flow, circumference, and volume of the gastrocnemius muscle. Design Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Sixty-one healthy, active people (23 men, 38 women; age = 19.99 ± 8.01 years, height = 169.42 ± 23.62 cm, mass = 71.53 ± 36.77 kg) volunteered to participate. They were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: treatment KT, sham KT, and control. Intervention(s) Tape was applied based on group assignment. The treatment KT group received the ankle-tape technique as described in the KT manual. The sham KT group received 1 strip of Kinesio Tex tape around the circumference of the proximal gastrocnemius muscle. The control group did not receive tape application. Main Outcome Measure(s) The dependent variables were blood flow in blood perfusion units, volume of water displacement in milliliters, circumference of the gastrocnemius muscle in centimeters, and endurance ratio in joules measured before, 24 hours after, and 72 hours after the intervention. Separate repeated-measures analyses of variance were conducted for each dependent variable. Results We found no group-by-test day interaction for endurance ratios (F4,116 = 1.99, P = .10). Blood flow, circumference, and volume measurements also yielded no differences among groups (F2,58 range, 0.02–0.51; P &gt; .05) or test days (F2,116 range, 0.05–2.33; P &gt; .05). Conclusions We found KT does not enhance anaerobic muscle function measured by endurance ratio. The KT also did not affect circulation or volume of the gastrocnemius muscle in a healthy population.

scholarly journals Early Results of a Helmetless-Tackling Intervention to Decrease Head Impacts in Football Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1219-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik E. Swartz ◽  
Steven P. Broglio ◽  
Summer B. Cook ◽  
Robert C. Cantu ◽  
Michael S. Ferrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Division I Football ◽  
Collegiate Football

Objective To test a helmetless-tackling behavioral intervention for reducing head impacts in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players. Design Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting Football field. Patients or Other Participants Fifty collegiate football players (intervention = 25, control = 25). Intervention(s) The intervention group participated in a 5-minute tackling drill without their helmets and shoulder pads twice per week in the preseason and once per week through the season. During this time, the control group performed noncontact football skills. Main Outcome Measure(s) Frequency of head impacts was recorded by an impact sensor for each athlete-exposure (AE). Data were tested with a 2 × 3 (group and time) repeated-measures analysis of variance. Significant interactions and main effects (P &lt; .05) were followed with t tests. Results Head impacts/AE decreased for the intervention group compared with the control group by the end of the season (9.99 ± 6.10 versus 13.84 ± 7.27, respectively). The intervention group had 30% fewer impacts/AE than the control group by season's end (9.99 ± 6.10 versus 14.32 ± 8.45, respectively). Conclusion A helmetless-tackling training intervention reduced head impacts in collegiate football players within 1 season.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of a Specially Designed Home Meal Replacement on Cardiometabolic Parameters in Individuals with Obesity: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2171
Author(s):  
Jae-Woo Lee ◽  
Yonghwan Kim ◽  
Taisun Hyun ◽  
Seunghye Song ◽  
Woojung Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽  
Before And After

We aimed to investigate if a home meal replacement (HMR), designed with a low ω-6/ω-3 fatty acid ratio, improves cardiometabolic parameters, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese individuals. We conducted a monocentric, controlled, randomized crossover trial. The HMR contains higher protein and fat content, lower carbohydrate content, and a lower ω6FA/ω3FA ratio than the regular diet. Sixty-four participants were randomized into two groups and switched to the other group following a 4-week intervention. While subjects in the HMR group were provided three HMRs daily, those in the control group were requested to maintain their regular dietary pattern. We conducted paired t-tests, repeated measures analysis of variance, and McNemar tests before and after the intervention. Body mass index (BMI) and weight were lower in the HMR group after adjusting for age, sex, and total energy intake and significantly changed in the between-group differences. The waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, triglyceride–glucose index, and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were reduced in the HMR group (all p < 0.05). The percentage of subjects with MetS significantly decreased from 39.1% at baseline to 28.1% post-intervention (p = 0.035). Using the HMR for 4 weeks reduced the BMI, weight, and MetS prevalence in individuals with obesity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04552574).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document