scholarly journals A “Food as Medicine” Program and It's Effects on Healthy Eating and Cooking Confidence (P04-021-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
DeAnna Nara ◽  
Linda Thompson ◽  
Allan Johnson ◽  
Oyonumo Ntekim ◽  
Chimene Castor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Blood Cholesterol

Abstract Objectives The aims of this study were to develop and implement a “Food as Medicine” intervention using quantitative methods supported by health literacy and food choice and behavioral models to target chronic diseases under free-living conditions in adults diagnosed with chronic diseases. The hypothesis of this study is that “Food as Medicine” nutrition and lifestyle intervention sessions will result in significant improvements in food choices, as well as shopping and cooking behaviors. Methods The Food as Medicine (FAM) study is a community-based pilot study that measured the effectiveness of a nutrition intervention to improve chronic disease risk factors and outcomes among African Americans with either pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, elevated total blood cholesterol levels, obesity or a combination of these disorders. The study enrolled patients who were attending both Howard University Family Medicine and Internal Medicine Practices, and were residents of wards seven or eight in the District of Columbia. Fifty-four participants were enrolled and assigned to five cohorts, which consisted of five group sessions over three months, and focused on improving diet and health literacy through nutritionist-led, culturally-tailored, nutrition education classes that included health literacy, mindfulness exercises, and cooking demonstrations. Results After program completion, FAM participants demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measures of interest: healthy dietary patterns (P < .001), healthful eating (P = .002), positive changes in dietary choices (P < .001), cooking confidence (P < .001), reduction of cooking barriers (P < .001), and healthy food preparation (P < .001). Participants also increased the number of times in one week that they cooked dinner at home (P < .001). Conclusions This study demonstrated the positive impacts of including health literacy, mindfulness exercises, and cooking demonstrations in a nutrition education program. The outcomes of this study can be used to inform and improve future community intervention studies within the areas of chronic disease in low income and minority populations. Funding Sources Funding for this study was received from the Ardmore Institute of Health.

scholarly journals The Use of Precision Nutrition Among African Americans With Chronic Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 993-993
Author(s):  
Linda Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Counseling Session ◽  
Personalized Nutrition

Abstract Objectives To characterize the effects of precision nutrition on dietary behavior change, weight, and waist circumference. To examine perceptions of receiving a personalized nutrition plan. Methods Food as Medicine Phase II is a pilot study that measured the effectiveness of incorporating precision nutrition to improve chronic disease management in a cohort of 24 low income African Americans with either pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, elevated blood cholesterol levels, obesity or a combination of these disorders. Anthropometric measures and a food questionnaire were collected pre/post study. DNA samples were obtained from each participant and analyzed at Howard University on SNPs related to nutrient metabolism. Results from the DNA tests were incorporated in a detailed personal nutrition plan developed for each participant. Plans were presented and discussed during an initial individual face-to-face counseling session. Due to COVID 19, a second counseling session was conducted via Zoom. For three months after the 2nd counseling session, participants received weekly text messages reinforcing the information received. Results Participants reported significant improvements in their intake of most recommended foods. Reductions in weight, waist circumference, and in the reported intake of non-recommended foods and beverages were not significant. Most participants either strongly agreed (14) or agreed (4) that the personalized nutrition plan provided useful information. The coronavirus pandemic was mentioned by 20% of participants as a barrier to following their personalized nutrition plan recommendations. Conclusions The results suggest that a personalized approach in providing dietary recommendations utilizing precision nutrition has the potential to increase self-efficacy and improve dietary intake among low income African Americans with chronic disease. It also demonstrated that it is feasible to recruit and retain individuals of African ancestry to participate in an investigation that assesses and discloses gene-associated disease risk. Funding Sources Ardmore Institute of Health

scholarly journals Effects of supplementation with carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes: protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e020623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirthi Menon ◽  
Aya Mousa ◽  
Barbora de Courten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionAgeing of populations globally, coupled with the obesity epidemic, has resulted in the rising prevalence of chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Prevention of risk factors that contribute to these diseases is key in managing the global burden of chronic diseases. Recent studies suggest that carnosine, a dipeptide with anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiglycating properties may have a role in the prevention of chronic diseases; however, no previous reviews have examined the effects of carnosine and other histidine-containing peptides (HCDs) on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes. We aim to conduct a comprehensive systematic review to examine the effects of supplementation with carnosine and other HCDs on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes and to identify relevant knowledge gaps.Methods and analysisElectronic databases including Medline, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Embase and all Evidence-Based Medicine will be systematically searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews of RCTs, comparing supplementation with carnosine and/or other HCDs versus placebo, usual care or other pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions. One reviewer will screen titles and abstracts for eligibility according to prespecified inclusion criteria, after which two independent reviewers will perform data extraction and quality appraisal. Meta-analyses, metaregression and subgroup analyses will be conducted where appropriate.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as this review does not involve primary data collection. This review will generate level-one evidence regarding the effects of carnosine supplementation on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes and will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and at conference meetings to inform future research on the efficacy of carnosine supplementation for the prevention of chronic diseases.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017075354.

Red Meat and Health

2016 ◽  
pp. 131-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Marsh ◽  
Angela Saunders ◽  
Carol Zeuschner
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Despite its nutritional benefits, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that regular consumption of red meat may negatively impact health and disease risk, including the risk of most common chronic diseases. This chapter reviews the current evidence linking red and processed meat intakes with chronic disease, obesity and mortality risks and discusses possible mechanisms to explain these associations. Research on the health benefits of diets low in red meat, including vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean and other plant-based diets, is also reviewed.

scholarly journals The relationship between total plasma carotenoids and risk factors for chronic disease among middle-aged and older men

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wildon R. Farwell ◽  
J. Michael Gaziano ◽  
Edward P. Norkus ◽  
Howard D. Sesso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
The Relationship

Individual plasma carotenoids have been associated with various chronic diseases but little is known about the relationship between total plasma carotenoids and risk factors for chronic diseases. In the Physicians' Health Study, we examined 492 men free of CVD and cancer for the relationship between total plasma carotenoids (the sum of α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin, lutein and β-cryptoxanthin) and a wide variety of factors that predict chronic disease. Multivariate linear and logistic regression was performed to calculate parameter estimates (95 % CI) and OR (95 % CI) for total plasma carotenoids. In linear regression models, BMI, hypertension, alcohol intake and plasma levels of each lipid parameter and α-tocopherol significantly predicted levels of total plasma carotenoids. Upon adjustment for multiple chronic disease risk factors, the OR for levels of total plasma carotenoids greater than or equal to the median ( ≥ 1·301 μmol/l) was statistically significant for current smoking (OR 0·21; 95 % CI 0·06, 0·77), weekly alcohol ingestion (OR 2·30; 95 % CI 1·06, 4·99), daily alcohol ingestion (OR 2·46; 95 % CI 1·29, 4·67), each 100 mg/l increase in total cholesterol (OR 0·73; 95 % CI 0·58, 0·91), LDL-cholesterol (OR 1·48; 95 % CI 1·17, 1·89) and HDL-cholesterol (OR 1·58; 95 % CI 1·26, 1·99), each 100 mg/ml increase in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (OR 0·70; 95 % CI 0·53, 0·93) and each 10 μmol/l increase in α-tocopherol (OR 1·33; 95 % CI 1·12, 1·57), using logistic regression. Few lifestyle and clinical risk factors appear to be related to levels of total plasma carotenoids; however, levels of biomarkers such as plasma lipids and α-tocopherol may be strongly related.

scholarly journals Biostatistical Analysis on Chronic Disease Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Sports Science

Introduction: Approximately one-third of all college students aged 18-29 were classified as overweight or obese, increasing their risk for chronic disease. Nutritional knowledge is an important first step to developing strategist to improve the food choices of college students and promote healthy lifestyle behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the current nutritional knowledge of students enrolled in courses within the Human Performance and Leisure Studies (HPLS) Department at Hubei University of Technology (HBUT). Methods: Paper based surveys were used to administer the 56-question Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (NKQ) for students enrolled in HPLS courses in spring 2017. Results: Response rate was 65.6% (n=236). Gender distribution was equal among the surveyed students (45.3% male vs. 53.8% females). The majority reported majoring in sports science and fitness management (SSFM) (76.7%), were between 18-24 years old (86.9%) with a self-identified ethnic origin of Chinese Xinjiang person (89.8%). The average nutritional knowledge score was 49.2 +/- 9.8 or 44.8%. Knowledge of diet-disease relationship was higher in females (5.4 +/- 1.9) compared to males (4.8 +/- 2.3), p = 0.03. Conclusion: In this study, we found a need to improve nutritional knowledge in college students enrolled in select HPLS courses in the spring of 2017 at HBUT. The findings highlight a gap in nutrition education and the opportunity to develop courses or programs aimed at healthful eating for students majoring in SSFM or attending HBUT.

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diets and Chronic Disease: Weighing the Benefits Against the Risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Crosby ◽  
Brenda Davis ◽  
Shivam Joshi ◽  
Meghan Jardine ◽  
Jennifer Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have been long been used to reduce seizure frequency and more recently have been promoted for a variety of health conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and liver disease. Ketogenic diets may provide short-term improvement and aid in symptom management for some chronic diseases. Such diets affect diet quality, typically increasing intake of foods linked to chronic disease risk and decreasing intake of foods found to be protective in epidemiological studies. This review examines the effects of ketogenic diets on common chronic diseases, as well as their impact on diet quality and possible risks associated with their use. Given often-temporary improvements, unfavorable effects on dietary intake, and inadequate data demonstrating long-term safety, for most individuals, the risks of ketogenic diets may outweigh the benefits.

scholarly journals Precision medicine screening using whole-genome sequencing and advanced imaging to identify disease risk in adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (14) ◽  
pp. 3686-3691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley A. Perkins ◽  
C. Thomas Caskey ◽  
Pamila Brar ◽  
Eric Dec ◽  
David S. Karow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Disease Risks

Reducing premature mortality associated with age-related chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, is an urgent priority. We report early results using genomics in combination with advanced imaging and other clinical testing to proactively screen for age-related chronic disease risk among adults. We enrolled active, symptom-free adults in a study of screening for age-related chronic diseases associated with premature mortality. In addition to personal and family medical history and other clinical testing, we obtained whole-genome sequencing (WGS), noncontrast whole-body MRI, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), global metabolomics, a new blood test for prediabetes (Quantose IR), echocardiography (ECHO), ECG, and cardiac rhythm monitoring to identify age-related chronic disease risks. Precision medicine screening using WGS and advanced imaging along with other testing among active, symptom-free adults identified a broad set of complementary age-related chronic disease risks associated with premature mortality and strengthened WGS variant interpretation. This and other similarly designed screening approaches anchored by WGS and advanced imaging may have the potential to extend healthy life among active adults through improved prevention and early detection of age-related chronic diseases (and their risk factors) associated with premature mortality.

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