scholarly journals Ketogenic Diets and Chronic Disease: Weighing the Benefits Against the Risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Crosby ◽  
Brenda Davis ◽  
Shivam Joshi ◽  
Meghan Jardine ◽  
Jennifer Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have been long been used to reduce seizure frequency and more recently have been promoted for a variety of health conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and liver disease. Ketogenic diets may provide short-term improvement and aid in symptom management for some chronic diseases. Such diets affect diet quality, typically increasing intake of foods linked to chronic disease risk and decreasing intake of foods found to be protective in epidemiological studies. This review examines the effects of ketogenic diets on common chronic diseases, as well as their impact on diet quality and possible risks associated with their use. Given often-temporary improvements, unfavorable effects on dietary intake, and inadequate data demonstrating long-term safety, for most individuals, the risks of ketogenic diets may outweigh the benefits.

scholarly journals Diet quality and major chronic disease risk in men and women: moving toward improved dietary guidance

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie L McCullough ◽  
Diane Feskanich ◽  
Meir J Stampfer ◽  
Edward L Giovannucci ◽  
Eric B Rimm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Major Chronic Disease

scholarly journals Effects of supplementation with carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes: protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e020623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirthi Menon ◽  
Aya Mousa ◽  
Barbora de Courten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionAgeing of populations globally, coupled with the obesity epidemic, has resulted in the rising prevalence of chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Prevention of risk factors that contribute to these diseases is key in managing the global burden of chronic diseases. Recent studies suggest that carnosine, a dipeptide with anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiglycating properties may have a role in the prevention of chronic diseases; however, no previous reviews have examined the effects of carnosine and other histidine-containing peptides (HCDs) on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes. We aim to conduct a comprehensive systematic review to examine the effects of supplementation with carnosine and other HCDs on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes and to identify relevant knowledge gaps.Methods and analysisElectronic databases including Medline, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Embase and all Evidence-Based Medicine will be systematically searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews of RCTs, comparing supplementation with carnosine and/or other HCDs versus placebo, usual care or other pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions. One reviewer will screen titles and abstracts for eligibility according to prespecified inclusion criteria, after which two independent reviewers will perform data extraction and quality appraisal. Meta-analyses, metaregression and subgroup analyses will be conducted where appropriate.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as this review does not involve primary data collection. This review will generate level-one evidence regarding the effects of carnosine supplementation on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes and will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and at conference meetings to inform future research on the efficacy of carnosine supplementation for the prevention of chronic diseases.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017075354.

scholarly journals Current and Future Implications of COVID-19 among Youth Wheelchair Users: 24-Hour Activity Behavior

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Conners ◽  
Lauren C. Bates ◽  
Patricia Pagan Lassalle ◽  
Gabriel Zieff ◽  
Paul N. Whitehead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Tremendous Impact

Preventative measures taken worldwide to decrease the transmission of COVID-19 have had a tremendous impact on youth. Following social restrictions, youth with and without physical disabilities are engaging in less physical activity, more increased sedentary behavior, and poor sleep habits. Specifically, youth wheelchair users (YWU) are likely disproportionately affected by COVID- 19 and have a higher risk of contraction due to underlying comorbidities. While we cannot control all of the negative long-term implications of COVID-19 for YWU, participation in positive 24-h activity behaviors can decrease chronic disease risk and the likelihood of long-term complications resulting from infection. This commentary is to extend the discourse on the importance of 24-h activity behaviors by focusing on YWU. Specifically, we discuss the importance of chronic disease prevention, provide a brief overview of 24-h activity behaviors, and outline some of the lessons that can be learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Cross-comparison of diet quality indices for predicting chronic disease risk: findings from the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX) study

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala'a Alkerwi ◽  
Cédric Vernier ◽  
Georgina E. Crichton ◽  
Nicolas Sauvageot ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

The scientific community has become increasingly interested in the overall quality of diets rather than in single food-based or single nutrient-based approaches to examine diet–disease relationships. Despite the plethora of indices used to measure diet quality, there still exist questions as to which of these can best predict health outcomes. The present study aimed to compare the ability of five diet quality indices, namely the Recommendation Compliance Index (RCI), Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), to detect changes in chronic disease risk biomarkers. Nutritional data from 1352 participants, aged 18–69 years, of the Luxembourg nationwide cross-sectional ORISCAV-LUX (Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg) study, 2007–8, were used to calculate adherence to the diet quality index. General linear modelling was performed to assess trends in biomarkers according to adherence to different dietary patterns, after adjustment for age, sex, education level, smoking status, physical activity and energy intake. Among the five selected diet quality indices, the MDS exhibited the best ability to detect changes in numerous risk markers and was significantly associated with lower levels of LDL-cholesterol, apo B, diastolic blood pressure, renal function indicators (creatinine and uric acid) and liver enzymes (serum γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase). Compared with other dietary patterns, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a favourable cardiometabolic, hepatic and renal risk profile. Diets congruent with current universally accepted guidelines may be insufficient to prevent chronic diseases. Clinicians and public health decision makers should be aware of needs to improve the current dietary guidelines.

scholarly journals Efek Penyakit Kronis terhadap Gangguan Mental Emosional

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Giri Widakdo ◽  
Besral Besral
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2007 menunjukkan 11,6% penduduk Indonesia berumur 15 tahun ke atas mengalami gangguan mental emosional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penyakit kronis terhadap gangguan mental emosional. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang mengggunakan data Riskesdas tahun 2007. Sebanyak 660.452 responden berusia di atas 15 tahun yang tidak mengalami gangguan jiwa dijadikan sampel. Gangguan mental emosional dinyatakan ada jika responden mem-punyai paling tidak enam dari 20 gangguan. Penyakit kronis seperti tuberculosis (TB) paru, hepatitis, jantung, diabetes, kanker, dan stroke diukur melalui wawancara yang didasarkan pada diagnosis petugas kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sepuluh penderita penyakit kronis, dua sampai lima penderita akan mengalami gangguan mental emosional. Analisis regresi logistik multivariat memperlihatkan bahwa risiko gangguan mental emosional semakin tinggi bersamaan dengan semakin banyak jumlah penyakit kronis yang diderita oleh responden. Responden yang menderita satu penyakit kronis berisiko 2,6 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami gangguan mental emosional, yang menderita dua penyakit kronis berisiko 4,6 kali, yang menderita tiga penyakit kronis atau lebih berisiko 11 kali. Kementerian Kesehatan disarankan untuk mengembangkan standar pelayanan penyakit kronis terkait dengan pengurangan dampak pada gangguan mental emosional dan dibentuknya tim bimbingan teknis pelayanan penyakit kronis.Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) year 2007 showed that 11.6 percent of Indonesia’s population aged 15 years and above suffering from mental emotional disorder. This study aimed to examine the effects of chronic illness to the mental emotional disorders. A cross-sectional study was performed that used Riskesdas 2007 data. Atotal of 660,452 respondents aged 15 years and over who are mentally health become sample of this study. Mental emotional disorders exist if they have at least six of the 20 disorder. Chronic diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and stroke were measured based on diagnosis by health pro-fesional. The results showed that out of ten respondents with chronic illness, aproximately two to five will suffering from mental emotional disorder. Multivariat logistic regression analysis shows that the risk of developing mental emotional disorders higher as more number of chronic illnesses suffered by the respondent. Respondents suffering from one chronic disease were 2.6 times greater risk for emotional mental disorder, suffering from two chronic dis-ease have risk 4.6 times, which had three or more chronic disease risk have risk 11 times. It is suggested that the Ministry of Health to develop a standard of care of chronic diseases associated with reducing impact on the mental emotional disorders and establishment of teams for technical guidance chronic disease care.

Predicting Hawaiian Youth’s Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Behaviors: A 10-Year Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 644-646
Author(s):  
Sasha A. Fleary ◽  
Robin Mehl ◽  
Claudio Nigg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Childhood Physical Activity

Background: Health behaviors in childhood and adolescence are implicated in health behaviors and chronic disease risk in adulthood for the majority of the US population. However, little is known about these relationships in Hawaiian youth. This study investigated the extent to which childhood physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable consumption behaviors predicted later behaviors across a 10-year period in Hawaiian youth. Methods: Three cohorts of fourth- to sixth-grade students who participated in an elementary after-school program (Fun 5) provided baseline data (Y1—data collected between 2003 and 2007), 5-year (Y5—data collected between 2008 and 2012), and 10-year (Y10—data collected between 2013 and 2017) follow-up surveys. Demographic, PA, and fruit and vegetable consumption measures were completed at all 3 time points. Bivariate and multiple regressions were computed in 2018. Results: Y1 and Y5 behavior predicted PA in young adulthood. For fruit and vegetable consumption, Y1 behavior predicted Y5 behavior but not Y10 behavior, and Y5 behavior predicted Y10 behaviors. Conclusions: Similar to mainland US youth, it is important to address PA and nutrition early in the life span for Hawaiian youth to increase long-term preventive health behaviors and reduce long-term chronic disease risk.

scholarly journals Physical activity throughout pregnancy is key to preventing chronic disease

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. R111-R118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taniya S Nagpal ◽  
Michelle F Mottola
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Maternal Exposures

According to The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory, the intrauterine environment of the developing fetus may impact later life physiology, including susceptibility to chronic disease conditions. Maternal exposures during pregnancy can affect the intrauterine environment and result in fetal programming for chronic diseases through changes in the structure or function of specific organs. Negative maternal exposures, such as poor nutrition intake, have been shown to increase the risk for later life chronic diseases. On the contrary, healthful behaviors, such as physical activity, may have a positive and protective effect against chronic disease risk. This narrative review summarizes literature to discuss the potential preventative role prenatal physical activity may have on prevalent chronic diseases: obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. We describe the natural physiological response to pregnancy that may increase the risk for complications and consequently later life disease for both mother and baby. We then present evidence highlighting the role prenatal exercise may have in preventing pregnancy complications and downstream chronic disease development, as well as proposing potential mechanisms that may explain the protective maternal and fetal physiological response to exercise. As the prevalence of these non-communicable diseases increase globally, intervening during pregnancy with an effective exercise intervention may be the key to preventing chronic disease risk in more than one generation.

scholarly journals Poorer Diet Quality Observed Among US Adults With a Greater Number of Clinical Chronic Disease Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272094589
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Fanelli ◽  
Satya S. Jonnalagadda ◽  
Janell L. Pisegna ◽  
Owen J. Kelly ◽  
Jessica L. Krok-Schoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Total Score Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Obesity and chronic disease risk are significantly related to healthy lifestyle behavior, including dietary intakes. Further, the interrelated etiology of many chronic conditions supports the comorbidity in US adults to manage multiple diagnoses. The purpose of this study was to assess diet quality across varying numbers of existing conditions, including obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of data from 17 356 adults aged 45 years and older from the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were assessed for the presence of overweight or obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m2), hyperglycemia (glycated hemoglobin >5.7%), hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dL), and high blood pressure (>120/80 mm Hg). Overall diet quality was assessed using Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores computed from the intakes reported during the 24-hour dietary recall collected in the mobile examination center. The total score (range 0-100) is based on the sum of 13 subscales that represent concordance with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Results Few adults presented with no markers of chronic disease (n = 407), with other presenting 1 indicator (n = 1978), 2 indicators (n = 4614), 3 indicators (n = 6319), and all 4 indicators (4038). While there was no significant difference in mean energy intakes on the day of intake, those with all 4 markers of chronic disease had a significantly poorer diet quality ( P < .001) and consumed significantly more saturated fat ( P = .026), but significantly less total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and added sugars ( P < .005). While mean consumption of protein was lowest in those with more chronic conditions, the differences were not significant. Conclusion Overall dietary intakes from the day of intake indicated that those with a greater number of chronic conditions presented with poorer overall dietary intakes. The foundational intervention strategy across all evidence-based treatment strategies is the promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors.

scholarly journals Understanding chronic disease risk factors and multimorbidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Irfan Sharif Shakoori ◽  
Fauzia Aslam ◽  
Gohar Ashraf ◽  
Hammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Multiple Stakeholder

Chronic diseases and multimorbidity are becoming an alarming public health problem of this century. Multimorbidity is defined as “having two or more chronic diseases at one time in a person” and a result of complex biological, psychological and social phenomenon. The risks of multimorbidity can be divided into modifiable (behavioral factors) and non-modifiable (age, genetics) factors. Socioeconomic disadvantage and environmental factors can also influence on causation of it. Strategies aligned with primary, secondary and tertiary stages of prevention can help in the prevention of multimorbidity and reduction in complications among diseased. Multimorbidity requires multidimensional programs implemented through multiple stakeholder and policymaker’s collaboration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document