The Effects of COMT Polymorphism on Cortical Thickness and Surface Area Abnormalities in Children with ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 3902-3911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minyoung Jung ◽  
Yoshifumi Mizuno ◽  
Takashi X Fujisawa ◽  
Shinichiro Takiguchi ◽  
Jian Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Comt Gene ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Comt Genotype ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is associated with frontal cortex development and the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, how the COMT gene impacts brain structure and behavior in ADHD remains unknown. In the present study, we identify the effect of COMT on cortical thickness and surface area in children with ADHD and children with typically developing (TD) using a machine learning approach. In a sample of 39 children with ADHD and 34 age- and IQ-matched TD children, we found that cortical thickness and surface area differences were predominantly observed in the frontal cortex. Furthermore, a path analysis revealed that a COMT genotype affected abnormal development of the frontal cortex in terms of both cortical thickness and surface area and was associated with working memory changes in children with ADHD. Our study confirms that the role of COMT in ADHD is not restricted to the development of behavior but may also affect the cortical thickness and surface area. Thus, our findings may help to improve the understanding of the neuroanatomic basis for the relationship between the COMT genotype and ADHD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Variability of the paracingulate sulcus and morphometry of the medial frontal cortex: Associations with cortical thickness, surface area, volume, and sulcal depth

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Fornito ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Sarah Whittle ◽  
Jack Fuller ◽  
Chris Adamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Sulcal Depth

Association between phthalates and externalizing behaviors and cortical thickness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1601-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Park ◽  
J.-M. Lee ◽  
J.-W. Kim ◽  
J. H. Cheong ◽  
H. J. Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Phthalate Metabolites ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Phthalate Metabolite

Background.Previous studies have implicated the relationship between environmental phthalate exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms of childhood, but no studies have been conducted in children who have a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD obtained through meticulous diagnostic testing. We aimed to determine whether phthalate metabolites in urine would be higher in children with ADHD than in those without ADHD and would correlate with symptom severity and cortical thickness in ADHD children.Method.A cross-sectional examination of urine phthalate metabolite concentrations was performed; scores for ADHD symptoms, externalizing problems, and continuous performance tests were obtained from 180 children with ADHD, and brain-imaging data were obtained from 115 participants. For the control group, children without ADHD (N = 438) were recruited. Correlations between phthalate metabolite concentrations and clinical measures and brain cortical thickness were investigated.Results.Concentrations of phthalate metabolites, particularly the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite, were significantly higher in boys with ADHD than in boys without ADHD. Concentrations of the di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) metabolite were significantly higher in the combined or hyperactive-impulsive subtypes compared to the inattentive subtype, and the metabolite was positively correlated with the severity of externalizing symptoms. Concentrations of the DEHP metabolite were negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the right middle and superior temporal gyri.Conclusions.The results of this study suggest an association between phthalate concentrations and both the diagnosis and symptom severity of ADHD. Imaging findings suggest a negative impact of phthalates on regional cortical maturation in children with ADHD.

Behavior and orofacial characteristics of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during a dental visit

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Atmetlla ◽  
Verónica Burgos ◽  
Angela Carrillo ◽  
Roberto Chaskel
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
And Behavior

ADHD is a neuropsychological disorder, affecting attention, impulsiveness and activeness. The study included 36 children with ADHD, 47 without, and two silent observers.A dental form, SNAP-IV and ADHDT symptom checklists were used. Statistically significant differences were observed in hospitalization histories, oral habits, tongue characteristics, and facial biotype. Differences in orofacial characteristics and behavior between the groups were confirmed.

scholarly journals Balance Training as an Adjunct to Methylphenidate: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of Behavioral Improvement Among Children With ADHD in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Feng ◽  
Yuanchun Ren ◽  
Jia Cheng ◽  
Yufeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of two different approaches to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): (1) methylphenidate (MPH) treatment combined with balance training, and (2) MPH monotherapy.Methods: The study was based on a randomized, single-blind trial involving 27 ADHD patients. An experimental group received the treatment combining MPH and balance training, while a control group were administered just MPH. After 40 sessions of training at the 6-month mark, patients' improvement as observed in their core symptoms and behavioral problems were compared between the experimental and control group.Results: A total of 27 patients underwent randomization, with 13 assigned to the experimental group and 14 to the control group. After the 6-month trial, the experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of teachers' scores for inattention on the ADHD-RS-IV (19.38 ± 2.96 vs. 23.21 ± 3.91, t = −2.854, P = 0.009). The experimental group also showed greater improvement on the items involving behavior (3.14 ± 1.46 vs. 5.24 ± 1.04, t = 1.463, P = 0.026) and hyperactivity (1.92 ± 1.19 vs. 3.86 ± 2.32, t = −2.697, P = 0.012).Conclusion: In children with ADHD, the experimental group displayed a significant improvement in the symptoms and behavior associated with inattention than did the group whose treatment consisted of only MPH.

scholarly journals Subcortical brain volume, regional cortical thickness and cortical surface area across attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premika S.W. Boedhoe ◽  
Daan van Rooij ◽  
Martine Hoogman ◽  
Jos W.R. Twisk ◽  
Lianne Schmaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACTObjectiveAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. We aimed to directly compare all three disorders. The ENIGMA consortium is ideally positioned to investigate structural brain alterations across these disorders.MethodsStructural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI of controls (n=5,827) and patients with ADHD (n=2,271), ASD (n=1,777), and OCD (n=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. We examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness and surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex and site (and ICV for subcortical and surface area measures).ResultsWe found no shared alterations among all three disorders, while shared alterations between any two disorders did not survive multiple comparisons correction. Children with ADHD compared to those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller ICV than controls and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared to adult controls and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific alterations across different age-groups and surface area alterations among all disorders in childhood and adulthood were observed.ConclusionOur findings suggest robust but subtle alterations across different age-groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific ICV and hippocampal alterations in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness alterations in the frontal cortex in adults support previous work emphasizing neurodevelopmental alterations in these disorders.

scholarly journals Cortical Contributions to Distinct Symptom Dimensions of Catatonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Hirjak ◽  
Katharina M Kubera ◽  
Georg Northoff ◽  
Stefan Fritze ◽  
Alina L Bertolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Catatonia is a central aspect of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and most likely associated with abnormalities in affective, motor, and sensorimotor brain regions. However, contributions of different cortical features to the pathophysiology of catatonia in SSD are poorly understood. Here, T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging data at 3 T were obtained from 56 right-handed patients with SSD. Using FreeSurfer version 6.0, we calculated cortical thickness, area, and local gyrification index (LGI). Catatonic symptoms were examined on the Northoff catatonia rating scale (NCRS). Patients with catatonia (NCRS total score ≥3; n = 25) showed reduced surface area in the parietal and medial orbitofrontal gyrus and LGI in the temporal gyrus (P < .05, corrected for cluster-wise probability [CWP]) as well as hypergyrification in rostral cingulate and medial orbitofrontal gyrus when compared with patients without catatonia (n = 22; P < .05, corrected for CWP). Following a dimensional approach, a negative association between NCRS motor and behavior scores and cortical thickness in superior frontal, insular, and precentral cortex was found (34 patients with at least 1 motor and at least 1 other affective or behavioral symptom; P < .05, corrected for CWP). Positive associations were found between NCRS motor and behavior scores and surface area and LGI in superior frontal, posterior cingulate, precentral, and pericalcarine gyrus (P < .05, corrected for CWP). The data support the notion that cortical features of distinct evolutionary and genetic origin differently contribute to catatonia in SSD. Catatonia in SSD may be essentially driven by cortex variations in frontoparietal regions including regions implicated in the coordination and goal-orientation of behavior.

1.30 The Effects of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Polymorphism on Cortical Thickness and Surface Area Abnormalities in Children With ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. S145
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Mizuno ◽  
Minyoung Jung ◽  
Takashi X. Fujisawa ◽  
Shinichiro Takiguchi ◽  
Hirotaka Kosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Comt Polymorphism

scholarly journals Mejorando la calidad de vida de niños con TDAH a través de la estimulación cognitiva-conductual

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Marisol Arroyo-Almaguer ◽  
Alejandra Cisneros-García ◽  
Sergio Salvador Tafoya-Ramírez ◽  
María de Jesús Rodríguez-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Memory Inhibition ◽  
And Behavior

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is behavioral, usually detected from the age of 7, with a chronic nature, presenting difficulties of sustained attention, working memory, inhibition and self-regulation processes, cognitive flexibility, among others, interfering not only in academic performance but causing self-esteem problems, depression and anxiety in the child or adolescent. A support application was developed in the treatment of children with ADHD that integrate occupational and multisensory activities to stimulate their cognitive-behavioral development. It was implemented by applying an evolutionary development model, using several of the T.I. more current such as JavaScript, HTML5, CSS, PHP and MySQL. The results in children are encouraging when comparing the evaluation of their initial diagnosis before starting treatment, with those obtained after ten months of using the application. It was possible to capture and focus the children's attention, favoring memory, attention and teamwork, as well as a substantial improvement in their mood, motivation, relaxation and behavior.

Exploring Factors Influencing Medication Adherence From Initiation to Discontinuation in Parents and Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umair Khan ◽  
Parisa Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adhd Medication ◽  
Improve Medication Adherence ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
And Behavior

This study explored factors influencing parents’ and adolescents’ decisions to initiate, continue, and discontinue medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Three focus groups were conducted with parents (n = 23) of children with ADHD, and 2 with adolescents diagnosed with ADHD (n = 11). Parents and adolescents independently discussed the complexities surrounding their decisions to adhere to ADHD medication. Parents’ negative beliefs about medication (fear of side effects) discouraged them from initiating therapy. Once initiated, parents struggled in balancing the need to medicate (improvements in learning and behavior) and concerns (weight loss, perceived delayed development) about the medication. Parents who had more concerns about the medication were more in favor of discontinuation. For adolescents, the desire for self-expression without being medicated was the primary factor determining nonadherence and/or discontinuation of the medication. Adolescents’ medication-related concerns were relatively different from the parents. Phase- and group-specific interventions are required to improve medication adherence in people with ADHD.

Physical Fitness and Resting EEG in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Huang ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Chiao-Ling Hung ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Tsung-Min Hung
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Relationship

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state, particularly elevated theta power and increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Physical fitness has been found beneficial to cognitive performance in a wide age population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in children with ADHD. EEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 28 children (23 boys and 5 girls, 8.66 ± 1.10 years) with ADHD, and a battery of physical fitness assessments including flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and agility tests were administered. The results indicated that ADHD children with higher power fitness exhibited a smaller theta/alpha ratio than those with lower power fitness. These findings suggest that power fitness may be associated with improved attentional self-control in children with ADHD.

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