Emergence, time and sociality: comparing conceptions of process ontology

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1365-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Baggio
Keyword(s):  
Social Ontology ◽  
Multiple Selves ◽  
Process Ontology ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Social Positioning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Account ◽  
Social Realm ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The paper focuses on a comparison between Lawson’s and Mead’s processual ontologies and more specifically on their conceptions of emergence. The first aim of the article is to highlight elements of similarity between their conceptions of social reality. It also aims to show, on the one hand, that Mead’s bio-social account of the emergent can help to interpret the dynamic process of emergence of both the social realm and agents’ identities (as described by Lawson) from a dynamic non-reductive naturalistic perspective; on the other hand, it shows how Lawson’s category of ‘social positioning’ can complement Mead’s ontogenetic explanation of changing social positions and the definition of ‘multiple selves’. By carefully considering the key elements of Lawson’s and Mead’s projects, it is, in fact, possible to understand better the meaning of a commitment to an updated processual ontology. In considering connections with classical pragmatic authors, it can be demonstrated that there are significant overlaps regarding the respective ways of considering the emergent. This offers a chance to understand more deeply how both pragmatism and Cambridge social ontology can together become part of the wider contemporary philosophical debate. In fact, Mead’s attempted synthesis between social and physical theories would help to highlight the common and complementary aspects linking what can be defined as his and Lawson’s ‘processual ontologies’.

Constructivist Moral Realism

1998 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
J. K. Swindler
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Moral Realism ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social World ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Social Morality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Realm

We are social animals in the sense that we spontaneously invent and continuously re-invent the social realm. But, not unlike other artifacts, once real, social relations, practices, institutions, etc., obey prior laws, some of which are moral laws. Hence, with regard to social reality, we ought to be ontological constructivists and moral realists. This is the view sketched here, taking as points of departure Searle's recent work on social ontology and May's on group morality. Moral and social selves are distinguished to acknowledge that social reality is constructed but social morality is not. It is shown how and why moral law requiring respect for the dignity and well being of agents governs a social world comprising roles that are real only because of their occupants' social intentions.

scholarly journals The Catch 22 syndrome of social scientists in the semiperiphery: Exploratory sociological observations

Sociologija ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Blagojevic ◽  
Gad Yair
Keyword(s):  
Political Organization ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Catch 22 ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Problem Setting

This paper describes the parochial predicament of the social sciences by looking at world sociology in its Janus-like face: on the one hand we focus on the intellectual, political, and sometimes even ethical compromises that social scientists in European semiperipheral countries forgo in order to gain acceptance and recognition in world sociology. On the other hand we show how these compromises paradoxically impoverish intellectual potentialities in the major centers of academic excellence too. In the analyses we focus on different interrelated facets of scholarly work where these paradoxes take shape: problem setting and conceptualization, the hierarchy of scholarly publications, the definition of excellence through citation patterns, scientific conferences, and lastly, funding schemes for research. We argue that the social and the political organization of the World System of Science jeopardizes free access to multiple and plural perspectives of the social. A potential source of ideas, theories, and paradigms is hampered by the hierarchical division of labor between scientists in the centers of science and their peers in semiperipheral countries, whose knowledge remains unutilized and sidelined.

scholarly journals Translation and the Dialectics of Difference and Equivalence: Some Theoretical Propositions for a Redefinition of the Source-Target Text Relation

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieven Tack
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
General Question ◽  
Source Text ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Abstract At which level of analysis (descriptivist, empirical, epistemological), and along which perspective (sociological, linguistical, communicative), should we locate the distinctive criteria for the definition of translation? In other words, what are the necessary and sufficient conditions which constitute the object « translation,» exclusively this object and not any other object? This is the general question of this article. It will be developped in two steps. First, we shall try to demonstrate that the perspective adopted by translatology, in defining translation by its semantical and fonctional equivalence relation with a source text, is congenetically determined by the discursive exclusion of the theorisation of that which is the very condition of possibility of each translation: the disrupture and distancing by which humans structure their social relation. Consequently, it is by the critique of communication theory, where a large part of translatology has drawn its scientific foundations, that we can deliver sound arguments for the assessing of translation in the structure of social relations. A second step consists in the formulation of a working hypothesis: if translation may be caused by the social dialectics of distancing and negociation of meaning, it is not sufficiently specified by this logic. It could be hypothesized that translation finds its specificity in the hybridity of the linguistic referential relation it instaures with the mute universe to be conceptualized on the one hand, and with the source text to be reformulated on the other.

Fair Process: Striving for Justice in Family Business

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludo Van der Heyden ◽  
Christine Blondel ◽  
Randel S. Carlock
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Fair Process ◽  
Business System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The social science and business literatures on procedural justice or fair process attest that improvements in procedural fairness can be expected to improve both a firm's performance and the commitment and trust of the individuals involved with it. This article examines the relevance of procedural justice for family business. When a family is an influential component of a particular business system, the application of justice is typically rendered more complex than might be the case for nonfamily firms. Different criteria (need, merit, and equality) guide the application of distributive justice among families, firms, and shareholders. This divergence in criterion also lies at the heart of many conflicts inside the family business. In this article, we argue that the application of procedural justice reduces occurrences of conflict and, in some cases, may eliminate conflict altogether. We propose a definition of fair process that extends and enriches the one existing in the literature. We offer five fundamental criteria essential to the effectiveness of fair process in family firms. We conclude with a series of case studies that illustrate typical questions faced inside family businesses. We show that a lack of fairness in the decision and managerial processes governing these businesses and their associated families is a source of conflict. We describe how increasing fair process practices improves the performance of these businesses while also increasing the satisfaction of those associated with them.

Integrative competency of a teacher as the condition of efficiency of the educational process in the modern age

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
D. D. Bychkova
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Personal Significance ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Teacher Mentor

Formation and development of professional qualities of a person is a long and difficult process, which is divided into several levels of training, whereby achieving positive results at one level allows the transition to the next. First, a person gets an extensive database of knowledge, skills abilities at school, and this base helps him/her to determine his/her preferences and make a choice in favor of a certain profession. Then a person continues education for chosen profession in university, and then, after graduation, a person gets an opportunity to continue improving and self-educating in the chosen professional sphere. But all these levels of education are not possible to perform without the direct or indirect influence of the one who can teach, guide and even control the process of education. A person constantly interacts to some extent with a teacher, mentor, tutor and others while acquiring knowledge, forming skills and abilities. The modern generation is fundamentally different from the previous one, with different life approach and understanding of the world, as it lives in a hi-tech world of accessible information, virtual reality, social networks, online stores, smartphones and other gadgets. The boundaries between real and virtual worlds have almost been erased. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of learning and education processes in the new reality, a new approach, concepts and rules are needed, and consequently, new competencies that teacher should acquire. Taking into account the peculiarities of the term “competence” and also the fact that the field of teacher’s expertise is extensive and includes both educating and building students’ personality, there is a need to form an integrative competence of future teachers, which will provide them with essential assistance in their professional life. The paper formulates the definition of integrative competence; determines the place occupied by these competences in the hierarchy of competences; indicates the social and practical conditionality, significance of the competence, personal significance of the competence, competence indicators; gives a brief description of the fund of evaluation tools allowing to judge its formation.

scholarly journals Substate nation-building and geographical representations of the "other" in Galicia, Spain (1860-1936)

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (65) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobo García-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spatial Identity

The "social construction" of otherness and, broadly speaking, the ideological-political use of "external" socio-spatial referents have become important topics in contemporary studies on territorial identities, nationalisms and nation-building processes, geography included. After some brief, introductory theoretical reflections, this paper examines the contribution of geographical discourses, arguments and images, "sensu lato", in the definition of the external socio-spatial identity referents of Galician nationalism in Spain, during the period 1860-1936. In this discourse Castile was typically represented as "the other" (the negative, opposition referent), against which Galician identity was mobilised, whereas Portugal, on the one hand, together with Ireland and the so-called "Atlantic-Celtic naionalities", on the other hand, were positively constructed as integrative and emulation referents.

scholarly journals Theoretic sociology and post-socialism

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Tomić-Koludrović
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

The post-socialist sociology in Croatia is scarcely able to give adequate answers to the pressing questions raised by the latest developments in post-socialist societies. It turns out equally inadequate when explaning the phenomena the Croatian society is beging exposed to at this particular time. The reason lies widely in the fact that societies emerging after socialism cannot be analyzed in terms of established rules and fully grasped categories. Paraphrasing Lyotard's thesis on postmodernism, the article adopts the view that the post-socialist period should be thought of as the paradox of pre-future, since its situation is the one in wich the rules of "what is going to be created" are, at the same time, operating and being made. In the light of such a definition of the social reality of which we only know with certainty that it comes after socialism, it is clear that only theoretical sociology can offer competent explanation of die new "rules in forming" and of their causes, rooted in the previous reality. Therefore Croatian sociology should turn to theoretical analysis of its own premisses, instead of engaging in new and new empiric researches that are always liable to ideological instrumentalizing, and that - in time perspective - speak more eloquently about the initial hypothesis of researcher than of the subject researched.

scholarly journals The Social Dimension of EU State Aid Law and Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 75-100
Author(s):  
Delia FERRI ◽  
Juan Jorge PIERNAS LÓPEZ
Keyword(s):  
State Aid ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Aid Control

AbstractTraditionally, EU state aid law has been attached to the goals of maintaining free competition and preventing the distortionary effects of Member States’ economic intervention, while social considerations have been considered immaterial to state aid control. However, in more recent years, EU state aid law has acquired a clearer ‘social dimension’, indirectly streamlining national subsidies towards social goals. The entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, and particularly of Articles 3(3) TEU and 9 TFEU, has had an impact on the way in which social goals have been taken into account in the application of the state aid provisions. In the last decade, the European Commission has sought out a more appropriate balance between the main objective of preserving competition in the internal market on the one hand, and social objectives, also enshrined nowadays in the Treaties, on the other. This ‘social dimension’ is still underdeveloped, but emerges to varying degrees when looking respectively at the definition of state aid under Article 107(1) TFEU, at the scope of the derogations under Articles 107(2) and 107(3) TFEU and at the secondary legislation adopted for their implementation.

Social division and resentment in the aftermath of the economic slump

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Elgenius
Keyword(s):  
Material Point ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Social Division ◽  
Big Society ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The text on Social Division and Resentment in the Aftermath of the Economic Slump analyses the social repercussions of the Great Recession, engulfing the rich world in a similar fashion from 2008 onwards as did the Great Depression of the 1930s. The arguments put forward in this study challenges the standard definition of the recession, the rhetoric of all, the One Nation and Big Society by highlighting the experiences of the few and the social repercussions associated with austere times. First, the definition of the recession (as two successive quarters of negative growth) fails to capture the harsh realities of those affected or the destructive social impact of austerity. Second, as the worst economic slump since the Second World War the recent economic downturn is adequately labelled the nastiest recession to date as it hit groups, already fighting socio-economic vulnerability, disproportionately, due to welfare cuts and squeezed incomes. This, alongside the unequalising trend of wealth increase relative to GDP over time and persisting hard time experiences despite signs of a recovering economy since 2014. Third, the rhetoric of being in it together appears incorrect at best and the notion of shared experiences and burdens implied by the One Nation rhetoric strays far from our material. In sum, empirical findings highlight social relations being undermined by austerity as social division, resentment and isolation follow the aftermath of the economic downturn. The most salient pattern of the material point towards resentment between those in work – resenting the benefits of those without work; and those without work on benefits resenting other sub-groups on different benefits.

scholarly journals Migration of Local Landholders in the State of the Teutonic Order between the 1280s and 1370s

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Denisov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
New Community ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Church

This article considers the incorporation of Prussians, Sudovians, and Scalovians who migrated to territories which were not theirs originally, into the social system of the State of the Teutonic Order between the 1280s and 1370s. The author examines the main aspects of this issue, i.e. property status and duties of migrants, with reference to data from 41 acts granted to them by the Order and the church, and the Chronicles written by Peter of Dusburg and Caspar Shuetz. The study of these data with the help of the prosopographical and historical and comparative methods makes it possible to determine the main directions of migration, number of migrants, size, and composition of their property and duties performed in relation to the Order and the church. The main regions for migration were Sambia and Pomesania, receiving 5 144 out of 5 166 persons. The choice of the regions was caused by the lack of local farmers that was the result of the devastation committed during the struggle of Prussians, Scalovians, and Sudovians with the expansion of the Order between 1260s and 1280s. Another reason was the remoteness of Sambia and Pomesania from the migrants’ native lands and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. On the one hand, it prevented possible union between the settlers and the Lithuanian rulers and, on the other hand, fostered communication between the migrants and the Order which guaranteed the former status in the new community. The incorporation of Prussians, Scalovians, and Sudovians was carried out by granting them fief or locator’s office and implied the definition of their rights and duties similar to those enjoyed by the local inhabitants. The migrants served in the military, paid taxes, had jurisdiction over their peasants, added unclaimed lands to their property, received permission to fish in the nearby waters, etc. These features testify to the successful incorporation of migrants into the new social system that contributed to a further development of the State of the Teutonic Order.

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