Reduction of sample size on the Technicon SMA 6/60 continuous-flow analyzer.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1107-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z K Shihabi ◽  
J C Turner
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Serum Sample ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Made In

Abstract The manifold of the Sequential Multiple Analyzer SMA 6/60 (4 + 2) has been modified to decrease serum sample size to 90 mul, by using a common diluent for all six channels and recycling the discard of each dialyzer into the next one. The modification can be made in less than 4 h without the need for any additional parts; the modified manifold requires one-third fewer pump lines and fewer reagents, thus reducing operating costs and simplifying instrument maintenance, while retaining the same precision, speed, low carryover, and linearity of the production model.

Design and Performance of a Miniaturized High-Speed Continuous-Flow Analyzer

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E Neeley ◽  
Stephen C Wardlaw ◽  
Helen C Sing
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Reagent Consumption ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Made In

Abstract Design features and performance of a miniaturized high-speed continuous-flow analyzer are described. Special emphasis is made in the design towards a system that is free from the operational and mechanical complexities found in most of today’s advanced systems. Depending on the particular analyses, sample size varies from 3 to 25 µl and reagent consumption is less than 180 µl per sample. Analyses are performed under steady-state conditions at sampling rates of 150 samples per hour with a 2:1 or 3:1 sample-to-wash ratio. The marked reduction in sample size makes the system ideal for microanalyses, especially in the pediatric clinical laboratory, in small animal research, and in any other cases where small sample volume is especially important.

scholarly journals A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 2. Spatially and environmentally explicit estimates of egg production

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Bernal ◽  
Yorgos Stratoudakis ◽  
Simon Wood ◽  
Leire Ibaibarriaga ◽  
Luis Valdés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Abstract Bernal, M., Stratoudakis, Y., Wood, S., Ibaibarriaga, L., Uriarte, A., Valdés, L., and Borchers, D. 2011. A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 2. Spatially and environmentally explicit estimates of egg production. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: . A spatially and environmentally explicit egg production model is developed to accommodate a number of assumptions about the relationship between egg production and mortality and associated environmental variables. The general model was tested under different assumptions for Atlanto-Iberian sardine. It provides a flexible estimator of egg production, in which a range of assumptions and hypotheses can be tested in a structured manner within a well-defined statistical framework. Application of the model to Atlanto-Iberian sardine increased the precision of the egg production time-series, and allowed improvements to be made in understanding the spatio-temporal variability in egg production, as well as implications for ecology and stock assessment.

A Review of Desiccant Cooling Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Waugaman ◽  
A. Kini ◽  
C. F. Kettleborough
Keyword(s):  
Operating Costs ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cooling Coils ◽  
Conventional Cooling ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Made In

This paper describes recent published design advances that have been made in desiccant cooling systems. In desiccant cooling cycles, the desiccant reduces the humidity of the air by removing moisture from the air. Then the temperature is reduced by other components such as heat exchangers, evaporative coolers, or conventional cooling coils. The main advantage that desiccant cooling systems offer is the capability of using low-grade thermal energy. Desiccant cooling systems for residential and commercial applications are now being used to reduce energy-operating costs. However, the initial costs are comparatively high. The focus of research for the past decade has been to develop desiccant systems with a high coefficient of performance. Recent studies have emphasized computer modeling and hybrid systems that combine desiccant dehumidifiers with conventional systems.

scholarly journals A note on the measurement of the specific heats of gases

1930 ◽  
Vol 126 (803) ◽  
pp. 675-682
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Present Note ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Approximate Form ◽  
Continuous Flow Method ◽  
Made In

1. In a recent paper P. M. S. Blackett, P. S. H. Henry and E. K. Rideal have described a new continuous flow method of comparing the specific heats of gases. The method, which appears to have important advantages over existing methods, is based on the simple principle that the flow of a gas through a tube modifies any thermal gradient which may by any means be maintained along the tube. The temperature is raised or lowered according as the gas flows in or opposite to the direction of decreasing temperature. The alteration of the temperature is determined by the thermal conductivity KA of the tubewalls, the rate of flow of gas ( q ) along the tube, and the specific heat σ of the gas (at constant pressure) per unit volume ; hence it may be used to determine the latter. The application of this principle as made in the new method (here referred to as the BHR method) is discussed in detail in a separate paper by P. M. S. Blackett and P. S. H. Henry. The object of the present note is to suggest a rather different application of the principle, which in some ways (though not for all purposes) seems more convenient and accurate than the BHR method. The theory of the suggested application will first be worked out in an approximate form, leaving certain detailed corrections to be discussed later (§ 13).

Current regulation of provision of discounts to customers by medical institutions and insurers in Russia

10.12737/7485 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Елена Кулакова ◽  
Elena Kulakova ◽  
Александр Цыганов ◽  
Aleksandr Tsyganov
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Marketing Plan ◽  
Insurance Law ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Instruments ◽  
Made In

The article based on the consideration of the Russian legal acts regulating the provision of discounts. In the article recommendations are made in respect of paid medical services and voluntary health insurance, with provision of the example of a short marketing plan required for formal reasons of discounts. Currently, the process of providing discounts and medical insurance companies are regulated, and most of the information should be public and posted on websites of medical institutions, insurance companies and their partners, which implement insurance or paid medical services. The increasing complexity of legislation on consumer protection, health and insurance law leads to the formation of new instruments for operations that previously did not require such a formalization. Of course, this leads to an increase in operating costs, not only the cost of creating, storing and placing this information. At the same time most organizations formalize many business processes, previously considered insignificant. Scope of medical care, like no other, attracted the attention of society composed of different groups and strata, some of whom are citizens who want to take advantage of a discount clinic or insurer.

scholarly journals DUS An Efficient, Effective Sampling Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Janet L. Colbert
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Statistical Sampling ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
Made In

Dollar unit sampling (DUS) is a statistical sampling method which is easy to understand and simple to apply on audit engagements. This article gives guidance on preliminary determinations that must be made in order to use DUS. It also illustrates how to figure sample size and select the sample members. Techniques to use in evaluating the results of DUS tests are provided. Finally, there is a discussion of factor to consider in deciding if DUS is the most appropriate sample method in a particular audit situation.

CPPM: A Logical Architecture for the Cyber-Physical Production Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cardoso Moraes ◽  
Herman Augusto Lepikson
Keyword(s):  
Virtual World ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Production Model ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Logical Architecture ◽  
Made In

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are not a fad anymore, they are changing the way industries and companies plan and model their businesses in a distributed, dynamic, service-oriented way using virtualized resources that are scalable and accessed over the Internet. This change raises new challenges and opportunities for companies. In the last decade the industrial automation field has been introducing important technologies that are changing and integrating the Internet and other emerging technologies, concepts, methods and tools, such as cloud computing, agents and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). These new approaches are resulting in the convergence of the physical world and the virtual world (cyberspace) in the direction of Industry 4.0. Industries are being forced to change and manage their IT and automation services through IT-enabled services to use new paradigms, and huge efforts of R & D are being made in this field. It is clear that in order to change the automation state many possibilities and paradigms are on the table. This work introduces a logical architecture for a cyber-physical production model, intending to help organizations adopting cyber- physical based services.

scholarly journals The so-called thermoid effect and the question of superheating of a plantinum-silver resistance used in continuous-flow calorimetry

1912 ◽  
Vol 86 (587) ◽  
pp. 330-332 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Flow Calorimeter ◽  
Heating Current ◽  
Liquid Moving ◽  
Absolute Measurements ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Made In

In a recent paper by Glazebrook, Bousfield, and Smith some doubt has been east on the accuracy of my absolute measurements of the specific heat of water by the continuous-flow calorimeter. It is stated that an error of as much as 6 parts in 10,000 might have occurred in the superheating of the oil-stirred platinurn-silver resistances from which the values of the electric heating current were obtained. On the other band, it is also stated that this error might have been as small as 2.5 parts in 10,000. It was with some surprise that I read this statement, inasmuch as the authors could not have been aware of the rapidity of oil circulation which I used. It has been shown by Osborne Reynolds and others that the heat loss from a surface immersed in a liquid moving in turbulent motion is directly proportional to the velocity of flow. The degree of superheating of a wire immersed in oil will depend then directly on the rate of circulation, bully realising this fact, the resistances which I used were designed by Prof. Callendar and myself to be immersed in oil which could be circulated with great rapidity, These resistances are described in our papers, where the illustration shows approximately to scale the relative sizes of the stirrer and resistances. The paddle was rotated at a high speed by a powerful water motor, and the oil was thrown down with such force that a considerable depression was made in the surface. The oil, thrown sideways, passed up around the bars wires, which were wound loosely on the mica frames. I do not know by what standard Glazebrook, Bousfield, and Smith decide what is "normal stirring" or "very vigorous stirring," but it was evident to me at ones that I must have bad much more rapid circulation than anything used by these authors. In testing the accuracy of my experiments special attention was taken of possible superheating, and tests of stirring were made at the time. The good agreement of the various determinations of the specific heat, made with such different values for the heating current and flow of water, make evident that no large superheating error could have existed without being detected.

Microsampling on the Technicon SMAC system.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1531-1534
Author(s):  
T A Walmsley ◽  
R T Fowler ◽  
M H Abernethy
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Sample Stream ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis ◽  
Direct Sampling ◽  
Calibration Materials ◽  
Sample Dilution

Abstract The sample volume needed for a Technicon SMAC continuous-flow analyzer has been reduced for routine operation. Two options are available: 141 microL for a 17-test profile, or 224 microL, which allows the direct-sampling assays for creatinine and iron to be included. The sample decrease is achieved by the sequential dialysis of creatinine and iron, an increased sample dilution from sixfold to ninefold, the strict minimization of diluted sample stream wastage, and development of more sensitive methods for glucose and alkaline phosphatase to allow greater use of the diluted sample stream. A glycine-containing diluent increases the sensitivity of the iron method by 25% and prevents the protein precipitation that plagues the continuous-flow analysis for iron in plasma. No deterioration in performance of the analyzer has been detected during nine months of routine operation at the reduced sample size. Added advantages are the decreased consumption of calibration materials and an increased ability to do repeat tests.

scholarly journals Implementation of Biocatalysis in Continuous Flow for the Synthesis of Small Cyclic Amines

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 890-894
Author(s):  
Eimear Hegarty ◽  
Francesca Paradisi
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Cyclic Ketones ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cyclic Amines ◽  
Halomonas Elongata ◽  
Prochiral Ketones ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
Large Substituent ◽  
Made In

Significant progress has been made in establishing transaminases as robust biocatalysts for the green and scalable synthesis of a diverse range of chiral amines. However, very few examples on the amination of small cyclic ketones have been reported. Cyclic ketones are particularly challenging for transaminase enzymes because they do not display the well-defined small and large substituent areas that are characteristic for the bio- catalytic mechanism. In this work, we exploited the broad substrate scope of the (S)-selective transaminase from Halomonas elongata (HeWT) to develop an efficient biocatalytic system in continuous flow to generate a range of small cyclic amines which feature very often in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. [3] Tetrahydrofuran-3-one and other challenging prochiral ketones were rapidly (5–45 min) transformed to their corresponding amines with excellent molar conversion (94–99%) and moderate to excellent ee.

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