A model for assessing interference.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1121-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Kroll ◽  
M Ruddel ◽  
D W Blank ◽  
R J Elin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Analyte Concentration ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Analytical Interference

Abstract Most studies of analytical interference indicate the magnitude but not the type of interference. We developed a model for interference that assesses the magnitude of the following types of interference: independent of analyte concentration, dependent on analyte concentration, and a combination of the two. The experimental design for the model is an orthogonally arranged matrix with progressively increasing concentrations of analyte and interfering agent. Multiple regression with these independent variables (concentration of analyte, concentration of interfering agent, and the product of the two) is used to determine the magnitude, direction, and significance of each type of interference. Applying the model to study interference by hemoglobin with determinations of creatinine, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin showed that hemoglobin interferes with determination of creatinine independent of the analyte concentration, interferes with total bilirubin dependent on the analyte concentration, and interferes with direct bilirubin by a combination of these two.

Towards a mathematical model of limestone pavement vegetation. III. Estimation of the determinants of species frequencies

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1387-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Yarranton
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Surface Ph ◽  
Expected Frequency ◽  
Species Frequency ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Species Frequencies

Models of the determination of the frequencies of 31 species of bryophytes, lichens, and algae in limestone pavement grikes were calculated by multiple regression. Independent variables were parameters of microclimate and surface pH. Percentages of variance accounted for varied from 14 to 72. In most cases the balance is attributable to replicate errors in the estimates of species frequencies and the abundance of zeros in the data. The models were used to predict species frequencies in other grikes, and in most species the mean difference between predicted and observed frequencies was less than 10%. Determinants of species frequency were found to be similar for species growing near the bottoms of the grikes but differed for those occurring near the tops.It is suggested that a two-phase analysis would be more informative than straightforward regression. In phase (a) the conditions under which the expected frequency is nonzero would be delimited; in phase (b) multiple regression would be performed on the observations falling within this region. This proposal is shown to be related to Hutchinson's concepts of fundamental and realized niches. It would also eliminate the problem of the multiple zero.

Pitfalls in the American Monitor kit methods for determination of total and "direct" bilirubin.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 2305-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
B T Doumas ◽  
B W Perry ◽  
B Jendrzejczak ◽  
V Katona
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Development Temperature ◽  
Hydroxylamine Sulfate

Abstract We evaluated the American Monitor Corporation kit for total and direct-reacting bilirubin and found that it suffers serious deficiencies, which lead to inaccurate and imprecise results. The main problem with the total-bilirubin procedure is that the short reaction time (2 min) is inadequate for completion of the reaction. The poor precision of the direct-bilirubin method is due to the short reaction time and the inability of the "stabilizer" (hydroxylamine sulfate) to completely destroy the diazo reagent. Depending on when Fehling's reagent is added, the reaction time may vary from 2 min to 7 min. Values for direct bilirubin at 7 min exceed those obtained at 2 min by 17 to 29%. The short reaction time makes color development temperature dependent, an additional source of imprecision. The suboptimal concentration of the diazo reagent results in underestimation of direct-reacting bilirubin. We recommend changes that improve both precision and accuracy of the kit procedures.

scholarly journals A Quest for Beauty

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Thomas Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Neuroimaging Study ◽  
Selection Of

In this chapter, the functional neuroimaging study of aesthetic judgment of beauty, reported in Jacobsen and colleagues, is reviewed from the experimenters’ point of view. Based on a framework for the psychology of aesthetics, the multifactorial determination of aesthetic judgment is discussed, along with implications for experimental design in neuroaesthetics. The selection of dependent and independent variables, as well as the control of influencing factors on aesthetic judgment, are discussed with respect to the design of the particular study. The 2006 study is also discussed with respect to contemporary neurocognitive psychology of aesthetics or neuroaesthetics.

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Pedagang di PGS Surakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Bima Setyawan ◽  
Anita Wijayanti ◽  
Rosa Nikmatul Fajri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Data Analysis Methods

This study aims to examine the factors that have an influence on tax compliance in PGS Surakarta because tax compliance in Surakarta is still low, especially for MSMEs. The independent variables used in this study are variables of tax understanding, tax awareness, tax amnesty, taxpayer attitudes, and tax sanctions on tax compliance. The population of this study were all MSMEs in PGS Surakarta. Meanwhile, the determination of the number of samples in this study used random sampling with 60 respondents. The data collection technique used in this study is to use a questionnaire and data analysis methods using multiple regression with analysis tools using SPSS. The results of this study indicate that partially and simultaneously the variables of tax understanding and tax amnesty have an effect on MSME tax compliance in PGS Surakarta. Meanwhile, tax awareness variables, taxpayer attitudes, and tax sanctions have no effect on taxpayer compliance at PGS Surakarta.

scholarly journals Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM: Pengetahuan Pajak, Sanksi Pajak, dan Modernisasi Sistem

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Afuan Fajrian Putra
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Data Analysis Methods

ABSTRACT       This research aims to examine the factors that have an influence on tax compliance. The independent variables used in this study are the variables of tax knowledge, tax sanctions, and tax modernization that will be tested partially and simultaneously on their influence on tax compliance. This study will examine these factors both simultaneously and partially. The population of this study is all MSMEs registered in the Office of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises, Sleman Regency. While the determination of the number of samples in this study using the Slovin formula and obtained the results of 100 respondents. However, not all data can be processed but as many as 85 respondents. Data collection techniques used in this study were to use a questionnaire and data analysis methods using multiple regression with analysis tools using SPSS version 16. The results of this study indicate that partially and simultaneously variables of tax knowledge, tax sanctions, and modernization have a significant effect on MSME tax compliance. ABSTRAK       Penelitian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan pajak. Variabel independen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel pengetahuan pajak, sanksi pajak, dan modernisasi pajak yang keseluruhannya akan diuji pengaruhnya baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap kepatuhan pajak. Populasi dari penelitian ini  adalah seluruh UMKM yang terdaftar di Dinas Koperasi, Usaha Kecil, dan Menengah Kabupaten Sleman. Sedangkan penentuan jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rumus Slovin dan didapatkan hasilnya sebanyak 100 responden. Akan tetapi tidak semua data dapat diolah melainkan sebanyak 85 responden. Teknik pengambilan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan kuesioner dan metode analisis data menggunakan regresi berganda dengan alat analisis menggunakan SPSS versi 16. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial dan simultan variabel pengetahuan pajak, sanksi pajak, dan modernisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan pajak UMKM. JEL Classification:  H25, D90

Carcass length in the bacon pig; its association with vertebrae numbers and prediction from radiographs of the young pig

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. B. King ◽  
R. C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Large White ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Vertebrae counts made on 504 Large White and 550 (Wessex × Large White) pigs showed an association with carcass length but not with other carcass traits. For each additional vertebra there was an increase in length of approximately 15 mm.Another group of 313 piglets from 36 litters were X-rayed at around 9 days of age in order to predict their ultimate carcass length. After correction for sex and variations in weight at slaughter it was found that the number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae together accounted for 14% of the remaining variation in carcass length. Improved accuracy of prediction, accounting for 29% of the variation was obtained with a multiple regression equation using as independent variables: the skeletal length of the young pig as measured on its radiograph, its weight at birth and X-raying and the number of lumbar vertebrae. From measurements made on the carcass it i s suggested that X-raying of the bacon pig to measure the length of the first four lumbar vertebrae, would, in conjunction with an earlier determination of vertebrae number, enable a much improved prediction of carcass length to be made.The incidence of various vertebral variations is noted and in particular the occurrence of one pig with only six cervical vertebrae.

Determination of Total and Direct Bilirubin in Plasma by Means of a Bichromatic Method on a Centrifugal Analyser

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Westwood
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Sulphanilic Acid

A bichromatic method is described for the determination of both total and direct-reacting bilirubin using a miniature centrifugal analyser. Bilirubin was coupled with diazotised sulphanilic acid in strongly acidic reaction conditions, and sodium dodecyl sulphate was used as accelerator for the measurement of total bilirubin. The inclusion of dyphylline as a haem-binding agent greatly reduced interference, even in the presence of extreme haemolysis. The method was shown to be precise, to be more sensitive and less affected by haemolysis than alternative methods, and to allow the estimation of total and direct bilirubin within the same run.

scholarly journals Analytical interference by monoclonal immunoglobulins on the direct bilirubin AU Beckman Coulter assay: the benefit of unsuspected diagnosis from spurious results

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena García-González ◽  
Ricardo González-Tarancón ◽  
Maite Aramendía ◽  
Luis Rello
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Analytical Interference ◽  
M Proteins ◽  
Monoclonal Immunoglobulins ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Spurious Results

AbstractMonoclonal (M) components can interfere with the direct bilirubin (D-Bil) assay on the AU Beckman Coulter instrumentation and produce spurious results, such as D-Bil values greater than total bilirubin (T-Bil) or very low/negative D-Bil values. If properly detected, this interference may uncover undiagnosed patients with monoclonal gammopathy (MG).We investigated the interference rate on the D-Bil AU assay in serum samples known to contain M proteins along with their isotype and described the protocol set up in our laboratory to help with the diagnosis of MG based on D-Bil spurious results as first indication.During a period of 4 years, 15.4% (345 of 2235) of serum samples containing M immunoglobulins produced erroneous D-Bil results, although no clear relationship between the magnitude or isotype of the M component and interference could be found. In total 22 new patients were diagnosed with MG based on the analytical artefact with the D-Bil as first indication.The D-Bil interference from MG on the Beckman AU analysers needs to be made known to laboratories in order to prevent clinical confusion and/or additional workup to explain the origin of anomalous results. Although this information may not add to the management of existing patients with serum paraproteins, it can benefit patients that have not been diagnosed with MG by triggering follow up testing to determine if M components are present.

Statistics and parallaxes

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
T. E. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Trigonometric Parallaxes ◽  
Systematic And Random Errors

This review paper deals with the use of statistical methods to evaluate systematic and random errors associated with trigonometric parallaxes. First, systematic errors which arise when using trigonometric parallaxes to calibrate luminosity systems are discussed. Next, determination of the external errors of parallax measurement are reviewed. Observatory corrections are discussed. Schilt’s point, that as the causes of these systematic differences between observatories are not known the computed corrections can not be applied appropriately, is emphasized. However, modern parallax work is sufficiently accurate that it is necessary to determine observatory corrections if full use is to be made of the potential precision of the data. To this end, it is suggested that a prior experimental design is required. Past experience has shown that accidental overlap of observing programs will not suffice to determine observatory corrections which are meaningful.

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Belanja Modal pada Kabupaten atau Kota di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Gogor Mustawa Zais
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to find out and analyze the impact of regional own revenue (PAD), general allocation fund (DAU) and special allocation fund (DAK) on capital expenditure (BM)  in regencies/towns in South  Sumatera Province  for a period of 2010 to 2014. The data were analyzed by using multiple regression. There were four variables in this research. A dependent variable was capital expenditure (BM) and independent variables were regional own revenue (PAD), general allocation fund (DAU) and special allocation fund (DAK). The results showed that the regional own revenue and special allocation fund variables have positive and significant impact on the capital expenditure. This means that the higher the regional own revenue and special allocation fund, the regencies/towns increased the capital expenditure are also higher. General allocation fund do not have a significant effect on the capital expenditure (BM) in regencies/towns in South Sumatera Province for a period of 2010 to 2014

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