scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentrations in Children: Age-related Values in Patients without Disorders of the Central Nervous System

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Biou ◽  
Jean-François Benoist ◽  
Claire Nguyen-Thi ◽  
Xuan Huong ◽  
Philippe Morel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein

Abstract Background: The published reference values for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total protein concentrations in children suffer from two major drawbacks: (a) the age-related range often is too broad when applied to the steeply falling concentrations in early infancy; and (b) no values have been published for widely used dry chemistry methods. Methods: We conducted a 2-year retrospective survey of CSF results obtained in a children’s hospital with a dry chemistry-based method set up on the Vitros 700 analyzer. Results: The data related to ambulatory children up to 16 years of age and term neonates with no clinical or biological signs of brain disease (n = 1074). Seven age groups with significantly different CSF protein values were identified, and their age-related percentiles (5th, 50th, and 95th) were determined. On the basis of the upper 95th percentile, from age 0 to 6 months the CSF protein concentrations fell rapidly from 1.08 to 0.40 g/L. A plateau (0.32 g/L) was reached from age 6 months to 10 years, followed by a slight increase (0.41 g/L) in the 10–16 years age range. Conclusions: These results imply that CSF total protein concentrations in the pediatric setting, particularly in infants, must always be interpreted with regard to narrow age-related reference values to avoid false-positive results.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentration in Healthy Older Japanese Volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8683
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Yoshihara ◽  
Masayoshi Zaitsu ◽  
Kazuya Ito ◽  
Ryuzo Hanada ◽  
Eunhee Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Limit ◽  
Neurological Emergencies ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Upper Reference Limit ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein

The concentration of cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF-TP) is important for the diagnosis of neurological emergencies. Recently, some Western studies have shown that the current upper reference limit of CSF-TP is quite low for older patients. However, little is reported about the concentration of CSF-TP in the older Asian population. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the CSF-TP concentrations in healthy older Japanese volunteers. CSF samples in 69 healthy Japanese volunteers (age range: 55–73 years) were collected by lumbar puncture, and the data of CSF were retrospectively analyzed. The mean (standard deviation) CSF-TP was 41.7 (12.3) mg/dL. The older group (≥65 years old) had higher CSF-TP concentration than the younger group (55–64 years old). The 2.5th percentile and 97.5th percentile of CSF-TP were estimated as 22.5 and 73.2 mg/dL, respectively, which were higher than the current reference range in Japan (10–40 mg/dL). Conclusions: The reference interval of CSF-TP in the older population should be reconsidered for the precise diagnosis of neurological emergencies.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF INFECTION AFTER CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNTING PROCEDURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Ramooz ◽  
Eesha Yaqoob ◽  
Nadeem Akhtar ◽  
Fraz Mehmood ◽  
Saad Javed
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Csf Shunts ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Rate Study ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

ABSTRACTHydrocephalus is routinely treated by surgical procedures. Cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement is a critical therapeutic intervention for hydrocephalus.CSF shunting has multiple complications among which infection is very common. The major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CSF shunts is theinfection of the central nervous system (CNS).It can lead to prolonged hospital stay, increase the number of operative procedures 03 times more than then none infected cases and has twice the fatality rate. Study of such type of complication will help the patients to improve their health and also improve our sterilization techniques and reduce burden of hospital and patients expenditures. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of infection after cerebrospinal fluid shunting procedures.Case series study was used as study design.Study was conducted from 10-2010 to 10-06-2011.One hundred and forty four patients with both genders of all age groups undergoing cerebrospinal fluid shunting, meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria, were selected for the present study after informed consent of patient or guardian and approval by the hospital ethical committee. Follow up was ensured by taking the telephonic contact and address of patient.Total no of patients were 144 among which, 89 were males and 55 were females. Age distribution was from 01 month to 75 years with the mean age of 15.280 and standard deviation was ± 20.450. Post-operative infection was present in 20(13.9%) patients.Author’s approvalAll the authors have seen the manuscript and approved it.Declaration of interestNoneConflict/Competing of InterestNone.Disclosure of FundingNone.Ethical ApprovalAttached

Assay of cerebrospinal fluid protein: a rate biuret method evaluated.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Finley ◽  
R J Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Reaction Cell ◽  
Biuret Method ◽  
Automated Instrument ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein

Abstract We evaluated a rate colorimetric method (Beckman) for measuring total protein in cerebrospinal fluid. The automated instrument we used was Beckman's ASTRA TM. A 100-microL sample of spinal fluid is introduced into the biuret reagent in the reaction cell and the increase in absorbance at 545 nm is monitored for 20.5 s. Solid-state circuits determine the rate of alkaline biuret-protein chelate formation, which is directly proportional to the total protein concentration in the sample. The linear range of measurement is 120 to 7500 mg/L. Day-to-day precision (CV) over the range of 150 to 1200 mg/L ranged from 15.2 to 2.3%. The method was unaffected by radical alteration of the albumin/globulin ratio, but there is a positive interference in the presence of hemoglobin, a suppression in the presence of bilirubin, and no effect by xanthochromia. The method is precise, accurate, rapid, and convenient. The method was compared with the trichloroacetic acid method as performed on the Du Pont aca III, giving a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9693. The method is precise, accurate, rapid, and convenient.

Upper reference limits for cerebrospinal fluid total protein and albumin quotient based on a large cohort of control patients: implications for increased clinical specificity

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Hegen ◽  
Michael Auer ◽  
Achim Zeileis ◽  
Florian Deisenhammer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
Future Revision ◽  
Work Up

AbstractDetermination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total protein (TP) as well as of CSF/serum albumin quotient (Qalb) is part of the routine CSF work-up. However, currently used upper reference limits (URL) are not well validated leading to over-reporting of blood-CSF barrier dysfunction in approximately 15% of patients without neurological disease. The objective of this study was to determine age-related URL for CSF TP and Qalb in a cohort of control patients.A total of 332 paired CSF and serum samples of patients without objective clinical and paraclinical findings of a neurological disease were analyzed for CSF TP and Qalb. CSF TP was measured by spectrophotometry and albumin in CSF and serum by nephelometry.CSF TP concentration and Qalb significantly correlated with age. In subjects at the age of 18–70 years, median CSF TP ranged from 320 to 460 mg/L and URL defined as the 95th percentile were 530–690 mg/L. Median Qalb ranged from 4.1 to 6.1 and URL from 8.7 up to 11.0. For URL of Qalb we calculated the following formula: age/25+8.Age-dependent URL for CSF TP and Qalb are presented here in a large cohort of control patients. They are higher than those currently recommended and this probably explains why isolated blood-CSF barrier dysfunction has been apparently over-reported. These new URL might be considered in a future revision of CSF guidelines.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Protein Reference Intervals Derived from 20 Years of Patient Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1856-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R McCudden ◽  
John Brooks ◽  
Priya Figurado ◽  
Pierre R Bourque
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
Data Set

Abstract BACKGROUND Reference intervals are vital for interpretation of laboratory results. Many existing reference intervals for cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF-TP) are derived from old literature because of the invasive nature of sampling. The objective of this study was to determine reference intervals for CSF-TP using available patient data. METHODS Twenty years of hospital database information was mined for previously reported CSF-TP results. Associated demographic, laboratory, and clinical diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases 9/10 codes) details were extracted. CSF-TP results included 3 different analytical platforms: the Siemens Vista 1500, Beckman Lx20, and Roche Hitachi 917. From an initial data set of 19591 samples, the following exclusion criteria were applied: incomplete data, white blood cells (WBCs) >5 × 106/L, red blood cells (RBCs) >50 × 106/L, and glucose <2.5 mmol/L. Patient charts were reviewed in detail to exclude 60 different conditions for which increases in CSF-TP would be expected. A total of 6068 samples were included; 63% of the samples were from females. Continuous reference intervals were determined using quantile regression. Age- and sex-partitioned intervals were established using the quantile regression equation and splitting age-groups into 5-year bins. RESULTS CSF-TP showed a marked age dependence, and males had significantly higher CSF-TP than females across all ages. CSF-TP results from the 3 different instruments and manufacturers showed small (approximately 0.04 g/L), but statistically significant, differences. CSF-TP showed weak, but again statistically significant, correlation with WBC and RBC but was independent of serum total protein and creatinine. CONCLUSIONS The age dependence of CSF-TP supports that age-partitioned reference intervals will be more accurate than a single cutoff, particularly in patients with advancing age.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentration in Japanese Healthy Older Volunteers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Yoshihara ◽  
Masayoshi Zaitsu ◽  
Kazuya Ito ◽  
Ryuzo Hanada ◽  
Eunhee Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Reference Limit ◽  
Older Volunteers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Upper Reference Limit ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein

The concentration of cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF-TP) is important for the diagnosis of neurological emergencies. Recently, some Western studies have shown that the current upper reference limit of CSF-TP is quite low for older patients. However, little is reported about the concentration of CSF-TP in older Asian population. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the CSF-TP concentrations in Japanese healthy older volunteers. CSF samples in 69 healthy Japanese volunteers (age range: 55–73 years) were collected by lumbar puncture, and the data of CSF were retrospectively analyzed. The mean (standard deviation) CSF-TP was 41.7 (12.3) mg/dL. The older group (≥ 65 years old) had higher CSF-TP concentration than the younger group (55–64 years old). The 2.5th percentile and 97.5th percentile of CSF-TP were estimated as 22.5 and 73.2 mg/dL, respectively, which were higher than the current reference range in Japan (10–40 mg/dL).

scholarly journals Explicit and Implicit Memory Loss in Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Hicks ◽  
Victoria E. Alexander ◽  
Mark Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Memory ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Age Range

How our memory is affected as we age has been given considerable attention over recent decades as we strive to understand the cognitive processes involved. Memory types have been identified as either explicit (declarative - related to episodes or semantics) or implicit (non-declarative – related to procedures, habits, or earlier priming). Studies have identified likely age-related decline in explicit but not implicit memory though there are opposing results suggested from other studies. It is thought cognitive reserve capacities might explain any non-decline as aging individuals use alternative or additional pathways to ‘remember’. This theory might be supported indirectly if older members remember material accurately but take longer to supply answers. In our current study we re-examined whether age-related differences in accuracy and speed of access in memory are present in both implicit and explicit memory processes and we increased the number of experimental age groups (from 2 to 3) - most previous studies have compared just two groups (young, and old). With three groups (young, middle-old, and older aged groups) we can identify trends across the age range towards deterioration or preservation of memory. We examined sixty-six participants (49 females; 17 males) aged 18 to 86 years (M = 50.27, SD = 21.06) from South-Eastern Queensland and divided these into younger (18 to 46 years of age), middle old (50 to 64) and older aged (65+) cohorts. Participants were administered tasks assessing implicit and explicit memory using computer presentations. Consistent with most prior research, no age differences were identified on accuracy in the implicit memory tasks (verbal and non-verbal, including priming), suggesting that memory for implicit material remains preserved. However, on the explicit memory tasks, older adults performed less accurately than the younger adults, indicative of decline in explicit memory as we age. The finding of a decline in explicit memory but no significant decline in implicit memory confirms most earlier research and is consistent with a view of modular decline rather than overall decline in memory with increasing age. In addition, differences found in speed of response in otherwise accurate implicit memory with older respondents significantly slower, suggests possible support for the cognitive reserve hypothesis. 

Haematology, Plasma Electrolytes and Serum Biochemical Values of Trichosurus Vulpecula (Kerr) (Marsupialia : Phalangeridae).

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJA Presidente ◽  
J Correa
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plasma Electrolytes

Effects of age and sex on blood parameters in T. vulpecula were evaluated in pouch and back young, yearlings and mature animals whose ages were estimated. There were age-related changes in haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, erythrocyte and reticulocyte counts, as well as serum total protein. Sexual dimorphisms were demonstrated in haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and erythrocyte counts; values for males w.ere greater than those for females in yearling and mature age groups. Among lactating yearling females, those with young >3 months old had reduced body weight, haemoglobin. erythrocyte and serum total protein values. Altered neutrophil : lymphocyte ratios in differential leucocyte counts as well as elevated plasma corticosteroid and glucose values obtained from T. vulpecula in good condition indicated moderate stress associated with the methods of trapping, handling and sampling used. Variable leucocytosis; with relative or absolute neutrophilia; lymphopaenia and eosinopaenia were found in T. vulpecula in poor condition. Haemoconcentration with elevated plasma electrolytes and urea levels were consistent with their dehydrated state. Free corticosteroid levels in plasma from males were higher than those obtained from females.

CONGENITAL SENSORY NEUROPATHY IN SIBLINGS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-655
Author(s):  
J. E. Haddow ◽  
S. R. Shapiro ◽  
D. G. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Sensory Neuropathy ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Sensory Disorders ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein

Two siblings with congenital sensory neuropathy are discussed whose inheritance appears to be autosomal recessive, an unusual pattern for this disorder. Low cerebrospinal fluid protein was demonstrated in both children early in life, and at present one continues to have low cerebrospinal fluid total protein, while the other has an unusual spinal fluid electrophoretic pattern with very low albumin concentration. Both children suffered from chronic, unexplained diarrhea in their early years. The children's problems are reviewed, and the importance of classifying the various sensory disorders is stressed.

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