scholarly journals Activity budgets in a group of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Li
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Seasonal Forests

Abstract We examined time allocation by Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana in the montane, temperate and highly seasonal forests of the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in China, in order to improve our understanding of the ecological and social influences on monkey behavior. We collected data on activity budgets in relation to food availability in a group of monkeys from July 2003 to September 2004 (except February 2004), using instantaneous scan samples. The monkeys spent 36.21% of daytime moving (n = 2l, 269 records), 24.39% foraging, 9.33% inactive, 11.7% performing social behaviors, and 18.38% performing other behaviors. There were seasonal and annual variations in the proportions of time devoted to some activities. These variations were largely attributed to seasonal or annual fluctuations in the distribution and quality of food resources. Adult males spent more time moving, searching, and displaying other behaviors' but less time feeding and performing social behaviors than adult females. Adults performed other behaviors more often and moving less often than juveniles. These differences in activity budgets may reflect fundamental differences in reproductive biology, parental investment, and development among the different age/sex classes.

scholarly journals Determinants of differences in the activity budgets of Rhinopithecus bieti by age/sex class at Xiangguqing in the Baimaxueshan nature reserve, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Li ◽  
Dayong Li ◽  
Baoping Ren ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Baoguo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Rhinopithecus Bieti ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
In The Wild

Ecological factors are known to influence the activity budgets of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti). However, little is known about how activity budgets vary between age/sex classes, because the species is difficult to observe in the wild. This study provides the first detailed activity budgets subdivided by age/sex classes based on observations of the largest habituated group at Xiangguqing in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve. This study was conducted from June 2008 to May 2009. We found that adult females spent more time feeding (44.8%) than adult males (39.5%), juveniles (39.1%), and infants (14.2%). Adult males allocated more time to miscellaneous activities (12.5%) than did adult females (3.8%). Infants were being groomed 6.9% of the time, which was the highest proportion among all age/sex classes. Adults spent more time feeding, while immature individuals allocated more time to moving and other activities. There are several reasons activity budgets may vary by age/sex class: 1) differential reproductive investment between males and females; 2) developmental differences among the age categories; 3) social relationships between members of different age/sex classes, particularly dominance. In addition, group size and adult sex ratio may also impact activity budgets. These variations in activity budgets among the different age/sex classes may become a selective pressure that shapes the development and growth pattern in this species. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS160112009E">10.2298/ABS160112009E</a><u></b></font>

Activity Budgets, Energy Expenditures, and Energy Intakes of Nesting Ferruginous Hawks

The Auk ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Wakeley
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Small Prey ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Prey Items

Abstract Daily energy expenditures of two pairs of nesting Ferruginous Hawks were estimated from activity budgets, and were compared with energy intakes determined from observed prey captures. In 1974 and 1975 respectively, the adult males expended 330.9 ± 37.8 (SD) and 374.3 ± 18.1 kcal/day, whereas the adult females expended 265.3 ± 28.3 and 294.6 ± 34.5 kcal/day. The total daily energy expenditures of adults and young (approximately 995.8 and 967.1 kcal/day in 1974 and 1975, respectively) were more than balanced by their gross intakes (1,337.8 ± 308.2 and 1,393.2 ± 236.7 kcal/day, respectively). The adult males had foraging efficiencies (kcal gathered/kcal expended in hunting) estimated at 7.56 ± 2.17 in the first year and 7.31 ± 1.80 in the second. Estimates of energy intake and foraging efficiency are maxima due to the likely under-representation of small prey items in regurgitated pellets.

A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from southwestern Guangdong, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4418 (6) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHI-TONG LYU ◽  
JUN WU ◽  
JIAN WANG ◽  
YIK-HEI SUNG ◽  
ZU-YAO LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Tarsal Glands ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Amolops yunkaiensis sp. nov. is described based on a series of specimens from Ehuangzhang Nature Reserve and Yunkaishan Nature Reserve, southwestern Guangdong Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from all known congeners by molecular divergence in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA and CO1 genes, and a combination of the following characters: relatively small body size, SVL 31.8–34.1 mm in adult males, 35.2–39.0 mm in adult females; numerous raised large warts on dorsum and flanks; dorsal body olive-brown or light brown with dark brown blotches; absence of vomerine teeth; absence of tarsal glands; presence of a pair of subgular vocal sacs, nuptial spines on the first finger, and sparse translucent tubercles on the lower jaw, forechest, posterior belly and ventral thigh in male. Hence, the genus Amolops contains 52 species, 29 of which occur in China.

Some Population Parameters and Seasonal Changes in the Weights of Internal Organs of Rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), at Macquarie

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Skira
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

The sex ratio, age distribution and seasonal variations in body weight and weight of several internal organs of rabbits were studied, between December 1973 and February 1975 on subantarctic Macquarie Island. The sex ratio (male : female) was 1 : 0.84. Rabbits over 18 months old predominated in the population in summer 1973-74, but from April 1974 the population was composed equally of adults and rabbits less than 18 months old. The second half of the 1973-74 breeding season contained only 36% of the births of that season, but supplied 70% of the young rabbits that entered the population. Females weighed more than male rabbits in the summer but males were heavier in the winter. The mean weights of liver, kidneys and spleen in adult females were significantly heavier in the summer, when food plants were growing and the quality of food highest, than in winter. In adult males these mean weights were similar in summer and winter. Both males and females showed no significant difference in the mean weight of adrenal glands between seasons.

February 9 — Dentist Day in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Oksana Rybachok
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Quality Of Food

«Man is what he eats,» these words belong to the great Pythagoras. He meant by these words the connection of the origin of consumed food with the spiritual development of man. In fact, a lot depends on the nature of nutrition, the quality of food and, of course, on the degree of its perception by the body. Digestion process begins not in the stomach, but directly in the oral cavity as a result of mechanical processing of products with teeth and under the influence of the secretion of the salivary glands. That is why healthy teeth are the key to the normal functioning of the whole organism — people should start taking care of their teeth from the early childhood and dentists, who are far from being beloved by everybody and are often carelessly evaded, are called upon to help keep the teeth healthy.

Impacts of Vending Practices on the Microbiological Quality of Bread in the Ojoo Area of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Oluwadara Oluwaseun Alegbeleye ◽  
Wasiu Akinloye Oyebisi Afolabi ◽  
Beatrice Oluwatoyin Opeolu ◽  
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Bacillus Flexus ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Quality Of Food

Background: Bacterial counts in ready-to-eat foods are a key factor in assessing the microbiological quality and safety of food. Periodic assessment of the microbiological quality of food is necessary to develop a robust database and help to ensure food safety. </P><P> Methods: The bacterial contamination of a total of 336 bread samples collected from two bakeries and 10 vendors in Ojoo Area of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria (December 2014 -June 2015) was evaluated. The microbiological quality of the bread loaves was investigated using standard microbiological methods (morphological, phenotypic and molecular characterization). </P><P> Results: The results showed that the number of contaminated samples among the vended bread samples was higher than the bakery bread samples and can be summarized as Bacillus megaterium (4.30%), Staphylococcus arlettae (0.005%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (2.78%), Citrobacter freundii (2.40%), Bacillus flexus (1.64%), Bacillus species (49.59%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.12%), Pseudomonas fluorescens (0.92%), Pseudomonas species (0.045%), Escherichia coli (30.44%) Klebsiella sp. (0.040%) and Aeromonas hydrophila (3.72%). </P><P> Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the bread samples which become contaminated after transport and handling can be considered a potential hazard to human health in the area. More stringent adherence to food safety regulations should be encouraged and enforced by the appropriate authorities. The findings of this study may be adopted to improve the hygienic conditions of bread distribution chain in the area as well as in other regions of the World.

Role of Panchakarma in the management of Hypothyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Suraj Kumbar ◽  
Dr.Lohith BA ◽  
Dr.Ashvinikumar M ◽  
Dr. Amritha R ◽  
Dr. Shameem Banu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Life Style ◽  
The Body ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

We are in technical era where there is more of sedentary life style and stress along with this urbanization is affecting our quality of food and health. This is leading to many lifestyle disorders and hormonal imbalances in our body. Hypothyroidism one among the endocrinal disorder. Thyroid is an endocrinal gland secrets T3 and T4 hormones regulated by TSH which is secreted by Pituitary gland. These hormones have two major effects on the body, 1) To increase the overall metabolic rate in the body 2) To stimulate growth in children. Hypothyroidism is common health issue in India. The highest prevalence of hypothyroidism (13.1%) is noted in people aged 46-54yrs old. With people aged 18-35 yrs being less affected (7.5%). To prevent these hazards Panchakarma is beneficiary to maintain metabolic rate. Here an attempt is made to diagnose hypothyroidism in the light of Ayurveda and management guidelines through Panchakarma.

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