scholarly journals Higher educational level in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: a comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Roth ◽  
Ekaterina Safroneeva ◽  
Catherine Saner Zilian ◽  
Philipp Schreiner ◽  
Jean-Benoit Rossel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
General Population ◽  
Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Higher Educational

Summary Background Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease with a high prevalence in younger, atopic males. In our clinical practice, we observed a striking preponderance of patients having a high educational background. The purposes of this study were first to assess the level of education of eosinophilic esophagitis patients and second to compare the findings to patients with inflammatory bowel disease, another chronic immune-mediated condition of the gastrointestinal tract, and with the Swiss general population. Methods Using a questionnaire, we assessed the educational level of adult patients who have attended Swiss Eosinophilic Esophagitis Clinics in the past. In addition, the educational level of the parents was assessed as well. We calculated the proportions of patients and parents who have obtained a higher educational level. Data from the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study and from the Swiss general population served as confirmation and as comparison, respectively. Results A total of 277 successfully contacted patients (response rate 69.1%; mean age 51.1 years, 73% male) participated. A significantly higher proportion of surveyed eosinophilic esophagitis patients had a high International Standard Classification of Education level (66.8%, P < 0.001) compared with inflammatory bowel disease patients (n = 2534; 34.2%, P < 0.001) and to the Swiss general population (n = 6,066,907; 30.5% P < 0.001). Conclusion Our analysis confirms the clinical observation that eosinophilic esophagitis patients have a significantly higher educational level compared with the general population and to patients with other chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. As a limitation, this impressive finding remains on a purely descriptive level.

Pain and gastroenterological diseases

2013 ◽  
pp. 257-268
Author(s):  
Akshay Batra ◽  
Amanda Bevan ◽  
R. Mark Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Specific Management

Pain is a common complaint in children with gastrointestinal tract pathology and it has significant consequences for patients’ quality of life. A thorough evaluation should be performed to determine the cause and severity. Understanding the pathophysiology of pain in various conditions is key to effective management. This chapter outlines the aetiology and general principles of the management of pain in gastrointestinal disease. The specific management of common gastrointestinal conditions associated with pain, e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, pancreatitis, and gut dysmotility disorders are discussed.

scholarly journals Mortality After First Hospital Admission for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Registry Linkage Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1692-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorrit L Opstelten ◽  
Ilonca Vaartjes ◽  
Michiel L Bots ◽  
Bas Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background The goal of this study was to determine long-term mortality and causes of death in patients after hospitalization for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods A cohort of patients admitted to the hospital because of IBD for the first time between 1998 and 2010 was identified by linkage of nationwide Dutch registries. Mortality risks and causes of death in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients were compared with a large random sample of individuals from the general population. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In total, 23,003 patients (56.1% women; mean age, 44.8 years) were hospitalized for IBD. Patients admitted for IBD had a higher risk of death than those from the general population. Adjusted HRs for 5-year all-cause mortality were 2.42 (95% CI, 1.15–5.12) and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.26–1.66) in men and women hospitalized for CD, respectively. Corresponding HRs for UC were 1.59 (95% CI, 1.39–1.83) and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.98–1.31). Mortality among patients after hospitalization for IBD decreased between 1998–2004 and 2005–2010. Patients admitted for UC had a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those admitted for CD. Inflammatory bowel disease patients died more often from (colorectal) cancer and gastrointestinal disease and less often from cardiovascular disease relative to the general population. Conclusions Mortality of patients after hospitalization for IBD has decreased over time. Causes of death in CD and UC patients differ from those in the general population.

scholarly journals Multi-Omics Characterization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Induced Hyperplasia/Dysplasia in the Rag2−/−/Il10−/− Mouse Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Qiyuan Han ◽  
Thomas J. Y. Kono ◽  
Charles G. Knutson ◽  
Nicola M. Parry ◽  
Christopher L. Seiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Helicobacter Hepaticus ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Epigenetic dysregulation is hypothesized to play a role in the observed association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon tumor development. In the present work, DNA methylome, hydroxymethylome, and transcriptome analyses were conducted in proximal colon tissues harvested from the Helicobacter hepaticus (H. hepaticus)-infected murine model of IBD. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and oxidative RRBS (oxRRBS) analyses identified 1606 differentially methylated regions (DMR) and 3011 differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMR). These DMR/DhMR overlapped with genes that are associated with gastrointestinal disease, inflammatory disease, and cancer. RNA-seq revealed pronounced expression changes of a number of genes associated with inflammation and cancer. Several genes including Duox2, Tgm2, Cdhr5, and Hk2 exhibited changes in both DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation and gene expression levels. Overall, our results suggest that chronic inflammation triggers changes in methylation and hydroxymethylation patterns in the genome, altering the expression of key tumorigenesis genes and potentially contributing to the initiation of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Pathomechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Potential Antioxidant Therapies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Tian ◽  
Ziling Wang ◽  
Jinhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease whose incidence has risen worldwide in recent years. Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD. This review highlights the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the involvement of oxidative stress signaling in the initiation and progression of IBD and its relationships with genetic susceptibility and the mucosal immune response. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies for IBD that target oxidative stress signaling are reviewed and discussed. Though substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of oxidative stress in IBD in humans and experimental animals, the underlying mechanisms are still not well defined. Thus, further studies are needed to validate how oxidative stress signaling is involved in and contributes to the development of IBD.

Inflammatory bowel disease has a negative impact on patients reproductive behaviour: the first multicentre survey in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Dana Ďuricová ◽  
Zuzana Krátka ◽  
Martin Bortlík ◽  
Lenka Slabá ◽  
Kristýna Strnadová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background: Several previous studies reported the negative impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on reproductive plans and fertility rate. The aim of our study was to investigate, for the first time, reproductive attitudes and fertility rate among Czech patients with IBD. Methods: Between March and August 2019, consecutive patients with IBD from 22 centres across the Czech Republic responded anonymously to a predefined questionnaire focused on the patients’ demographics, details of IBD and treatment, gynaecological/urological history, reproductive issues and patients’ knowledge on this topic. Results: The questionnaire was filled in by 798 patients (526 women; median age 34 years, 66% with Crohn’s disease). Of these, 58% of the females and 47.1% of the males already had ≥ 1 child (median 2 children). Women with IBD were significantly more worried about infertility (55.5% versus 22.4%), had more limitations in their sexual life (53.2% vs. 26.8%) and more frequently changed their earlier reproductive plans (27.6% versus 11.0%) than the males (p < 0.0001). The total fertility rate in female IBD patients was lower compared to the general population with 1.004 live births/IBD woman versus 1.69 live births/woman in the Czech population. The pattern of decreased fertility was observed in all age-specific categories. Of the childless patients, 14% of the women and 18.1% of the men were voluntarily childless. Approximately one-half of them indicated their IBD to be the primary cause. Conclusions: IBD seems to have a negative impact on patients’ reproductive plans and attitudes. The fertility rate in Czech IBD female patients was decreased compared to the general population in this study.

scholarly journals Mucosa-Associated Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Phylotype Richness Is Reduced in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (21) ◽  
pp. 7582-7592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Lopez-Siles ◽  
Margarita Martinez-Medina ◽  
Carles Abellà ◽  
David Busquets ◽  
Miriam Sabat-Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

ABSTRACTFaecalibacterium prausnitziidepletion in intestinal diseases has been extensively reported, but little is known about intraspecies variability. This work aims to determine if subjects with gastrointestinal disease host mucosa-associatedF. prausnitziipopulations different from those hosted by healthy individuals. A new species-specific PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method targeting the 16S rRNA gene was developed to fingerprintF. prausnitziipopulations in biopsy specimens from 31 healthy control (H) subjects and 36 Crohn's disease (CD), 23 ulcerative colitis (UC), 6 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 22 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The richness ofF. prausnitziisubtypes was lower in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients than in H subjects. The most prevalent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) consisted of four phylotypes (OTUs with a 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity [OTU99]), which were shared by all groups of patients. Their distribution and the presence of some disease-specificF. prausnitziiphylotypes allowed us to differentiate the populations in IBD and CRC patients from that in H subjects. At the level of a minimum similarity of 97% (OTU97), two phylogroups accounted for 98% of the sequences. Phylogroup I was found in 87% of H subjects but in under 50% of IBD patients (P= 0.003). In contrast, phylogroup II was detected in >75% of IBD patients and in only 52% of H subjects (P= 0.005). This study reveals that even though the main members of theF. prausnitziipopulation are present in both H subjects and individuals with gut diseases, richness is reduced in the latter and an altered phylotype distribution exists between diseases. This approach may serve as a basis for addressing the suitability ofF. prausnitziiphylotypes to be quantified as a putative biomarker of disease and depicting the importance of the loss of these subtypes in disease pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Interfering With Inflammation: Heterogeneous Effects of Interferons in Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Haring ◽  
Robert Zeiser ◽  
Petya Apostolova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The intestine can be the target of several immunologically mediated diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GVHD is a life-threatening complication that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is associated with a particularly high mortality. GVHD development starts with the recognition of allo-antigens in the recipient by the donor immune system, which elicits immune-mediated damage of otherwise healthy tissues. IBD describes a group of immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine. Several aspects, including genetic predisposition and immune dysregulation, are responsible for the development of IBD, with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis being the two most common variants. GVHD and IBD share multiple key features of their onset and development, including intestinal tissue damage and loss of intestinal barrier function. A further common feature in the pathophysiology of both diseases is the involvement of cytokines such as type I and II interferons (IFNs), amongst others. IFNs are a family of protein mediators produced as a part of the inflammatory response, typically to pathogens or malignant cells. Diverse, and partially paradoxical, effects have been described for IFNs in GVHD and IBD. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of type I, II and III IFNs, including basic concepts and controversies about their functions in the context of GVHD and IBD. In addition, therapeutic options, research developments and remaining open questions are addressed.

Effects of dietary tryptophan supplementation in the acetic acid-induced colitis mouse model

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 4143-4152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Meiwei Wang ◽  
Lanmei Yin ◽  
Wenkai Ren ◽  
Peng Bin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and is strongly associated with intestinal immunity and the microbiome.

scholarly journals Risk and outcomes of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 205064062097260
Author(s):  
Anupam Kumar Singh ◽  
Anuraag Jena ◽  
Praveen Kumar-M ◽  
Vishal Sharma ◽  
Shaji Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Care ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background The risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in inflammatory bowel disease are unclear. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase with the keywords: inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and COVID-19, novel coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2. We included studies reporting the frequency of COVID-19 infection and outcomes (hospitalisation, need for intensive care unit care and mortality) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We estimated the pooled incidence of COVID-19 in inflammatory bowel disease and comparative risk vis-a-vis the general population. We also estimated the pooled frequency of outcomes and compared them in patients who received and did not receive drugs for inflammatory bowel disease. Results Twenty-four studies were included. The pooled incidence rate of COVID-19 per 1000 patients of inflammatory bowel disease and the general population were 4.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44–11.17) and 6.59 (3.25–13.35), respectively, with no increase in relative risk (0.47, 0.18–1.26) in inflammatory bowel disease. The relative risk of the acquisition of COVID-19 was not different between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (1.03, 0.62–1.71). The pooled proportion of COVID-19-positive inflammatory bowel disease patients requiring hospitalisation and intensive care unit care was 27.29% and 5.33% while pooled mortality was 4.27%. The risk of adverse outcomes was higher in ulcerative colitis compared to Crohn’s disease. The relative risks of hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission and mortality were lower for patients on biological agents (0.34, 0.19–0.61; 0.49, 0.33–0.72 and 0.22, 0.13–0.38, respectively) but higher with steroids (1.99, 1.64–2.40; 3.41, 2.28–5.11 and 2.70, 1.61–4.55) or 5-aminosalicylate (1.59, 1.39–1.82; 2.38, 1.26–4.48 and 2.62, 1.67–4.11) use. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is comparable to the general population. Outcomes of COVID-19-positive inflammatory bowel disease patients are worse in ulcerative colitis, those on steroids or 5-aminosalicylates but outcomes are better with biological agents.

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