scholarly journals Mice Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Simulate Clinical Features of Deficiency of both Qi and Yin Syndrome in Traditional Chinese Medicine

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzhi Chai ◽  
Junping Kou ◽  
Danni Zhu ◽  
Yongqing Yan ◽  
Boyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Locomotive Activity

Deficiency of both Qi and Yin Syndrome (DQYS) is one of the common syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), mainly characterized by tiredness, emaciation, anorexia, fidget, palpitation and rapid pulse, and so forth. Currently, there is no available animal model which can reflect the clinical features of this syndrome. In the present paper, we observed the time-course changes of whole behavior, body weight, food intake, locomotive activity and electrocardiogram in mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia for 6 weeks, and measured bleeding time at last according to the clinical features of DQYS and one key pathological factor. The results showed that the mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia for certain time presented lackluster hair, dull looking hair, resistance, attacking, body weight loss, food intake decline, locomotive activity decrease, heart rate quickening and T wave elevating, which were similar to the major clinical features of DQYS. Meanwhile, bleeding time shortening was also found, which was consistent with the clinical fact that DQYS often accompanied with blood stasis. The possible explanation was also outlined according to the available literature. Such findings suggested chronic intermittent hypoxia could induce similar symptoms and signs in mice accorded with the clinical features of DQYS, which provided a suitable animal model for evaluation of drugs for the treatment of this syndrome and further exploration of pathological process or correlation of the syndrome and related diseases.

scholarly journals A novel traditional Chinese medicine ameliorates fatigue-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction via regulation of energy metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (6) ◽  
pp. H1378-H1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Huang ◽  
Yuan-Chen Cui ◽  
Xiao-Hong Wei ◽  
Chun-Shui Pan ◽  
Quan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Heart Weight

Prolonged exercise and exercise training can adversely affect cardiac function in some individuals. QiShenYiQi Pills (QSYQ), which are a compound Chinese medicine, have been previously shown to improve pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. We hypothesized that QSYQ can ameliorate as well the fatigue-induced cardiac hypertrophy. This study was to test this hypothesis and underlying mechanism with a focus on its role in energy regulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish exercise adaptation and fatigue model on a motorized rodent treadmill. Echocardiographic analysis and heart function test were performed to assess heart systolic function. Food-intake weight/body weight and heart weight/body weight were assessed, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining of myocardium sections were performed. ATP synthase expression and activity and ATP, ADP, and AMP levels were assessed using Western blot and ELISA. Expression of proteins related to energy metabolism and IGF-1R signaling was determined using Western blot. QSYQ attenuated the food-intake weight/body weight decrease, improved myocardial structure and heart function, and restored the expression and distribution of myocardial connexin 43 after fatigue, concomitant with an increased ATP production and a restoration of metabolism-related protein expression. QSYQ upgraded the expression of IGF-1R, P-AMPK/AMPK, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, nuclear respiratory factor-1, P-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/PI3K, and P-Akt/Akt thereby attenuated the dysregulation of IGF-1R signaling after fatigue. QSYQ relieved fatigue-induced cardiac hypertrophy and enhanced heart function, which is correlated with its potential to improve energy metabolism by regulating IGF-1R signaling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prolonged exercise may impact some people leading to pathological cardiac hypertrophy. This study using an animal model of fatigue-induced cardiac hypertrophy provides evidence showing the potential of QiShenYiQi Pills, a novel traditional Chinese medicine, to prevent the cardiac adaptive hypertrophy from development to pathological hypertrophy and demonstrates that this effect is correlated with its capacity for regulating energy metabolism through interacting with insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor.

Anti-hypertension Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ju-Ling-Tang on Renal Hypertensive Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (06) ◽  
pp. 913-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Che Shih ◽  
Tzu-Hsin Lee ◽  
Shu-Chen Chen ◽  
Chien-Ying Li ◽  
Takeshi Shibuya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Renal Hypertensive Rats

This research investigated the anti-hypertension effect of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Ju-Ling-Tang (JLT) on an animal model of hypertension induced by unilateral renal artery ligation. In the study of anti-hypertension effects, 60 minutes after oral administration with NG tube feeding of 240 mg/kg JLT, a significant decrease in blood pressure ( p < 0.05) was observed and sustained till 120 minutes. In the group given 50 mg/kg α-methyldopa orally, the effect was obvious 90 minutes after medication ( p < 0.01), and lasted until 240 minutes. In terms of organ pathology, a significant reduction in the extent of induced glomerular sclerosis was observed in rats given 240 mg/kg JLT compared with the control. From these results, we infer that JLT has a beneficial anti-hypertensive effect on renal hypertension.

scholarly journals Model Organisms and Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Ling ◽  
Jin-Wen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tcm Syndrome

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient medical system with a unique cultural background. Nowadays, more and more Western countries due to its therapeutic efficacy are accepting it. However, safety and clear pharmacological action mechanisms of TCM are still uncertain. Due to the potential application of TCM in healthcare, it is necessary to construct a scientific evaluation system with TCM characteristics and benchmark the difference from the standard of Western medicine. Model organisms have played an important role in the understanding of basic biological processes. It is easier to be studied in certain research aspects and to obtain the information of other species. Despite the controversy over suitable syndrome animal model under TCM theoretical guide, it is unquestionable that many model organisms should be used in the studies of TCM modernization, which will bring modern scientific standards into mysterious ancient Chinese medicine. In this review, we aim to summarize the utilization of model organisms in the construction of TCM syndrome model and highlight the relevance of modern medicine with TCM syndrome animal model. It will serve as the foundation for further research of model organisms and for its application in TCM syndrome model.

scholarly journals Psychological Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress as a Model of Sub-Healthy Condition and the Effect of TCM

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Gong Muxin ◽  
Hiroshi Nishida ◽  
Chieko Shirakawa ◽  
Shinji Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Chinese Medicine Formula ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory ◽  
Locomotive Activity ◽  
Carbonyl Formation ◽  
Chinese Medicine Theory ◽  
Herbal Mixtures

Distress-mediated tissue oxidative stress was examined as a model of sub-healthy condition defined in traditional Chinese medicine theory. Mice were subjected to psychologically stressful conditions by whiskers removal. Under this condition, spontaneous locomotive activity was significantly enhanced in the dark (P< 0.05 versus the control mice in three different movements), and granulocytes/lymphocytes balance shifted to granulocytes. At the same time, peroxynitrite level in blood plasma increased to ∼180% from that of the control mice at 6 h after removal of the whiskers (P< 0.01), and was maintained even after 12 h. Both protein carbonyl formation and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased under this condition in brain, heart, liver and spleen at 6 h after removal of whiskers (P< 0.05 orP< 0.01), and these levels were maximized after 12 h (increased to 120–160%,P< 0.05 orP< 0.01). The oxidative tissue injuries observed at 12 h after the removal of the whiskers were effectively prevented by two traditional Chinese medicine formula: Shengmai San (SMS) and Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang (LGZGT), when administered for 5 days before the removal of the whiskers. Therefore, this stress model is considered useful in assessing the preventive potential of antioxidants and antioxidant-based herbal mixtures in treating the pathophysiology associated with psychological or emotional distress.

scholarly journals Strychnine poisoning due to traditional Chinese medicine: a case series

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Hok-Fung Tong ◽  
Candace Yim Chan ◽  
Sau-Wah Ng ◽  
Tony Wing-Lai Mak
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Different Parts

Background: Strychnine poisoning is rare but possibly fatal. The most reported sources of strychnine poisoning include rodenticides and adulterated street heroin. Here we report a case series of an unusual cause of strychnine poisoning – Strychni semen, a herb known as “maqianzi” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods: All cases of strychnine poisoning confirmed by the Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory (HATRL, the highest-level clinical toxicology laboratory in Hong Kong) between May 2005 and May 2018 were reviewed. Results: Twelve cases of strychnine poisoning were recorded, and Strychni semen was the exclusive source. Ten (83%) patients presented with muscle spasms, and four (33%) developed typical conscious convulsions. The poisoning was severe in two (17%) patients, moderate in three (25%) and mild in eight (58%). No case fatality was recorded. Three (25%) patients were TCM practitioners and two (17%) were laymen who bought the herb themselves without a proper prescription. Conclusion: The practice of TCM is becoming popular in different parts of the world amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The spectrum of clinical features of strychnine poisoning secondary to Strychni semen are similar to those arising from different origins. Eliciting a history of TCM use, apart from exposure to rodenticides and drugs of abuse, may allow timely diagnosis in patients with compatible clinical features. Enhancement of TCM safety could minimize the hazard.

scholarly journals Homeopathic Clinical Features of 18 Patients in COVID-19 Outbreaks in Hong Kong

Homeopathy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (03) ◽  
pp. 146-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Lun Aaron To ◽  
Yuen Ying Yvonne Fok
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gelsemium Sempervirens

Abstract Background Hong Kong is geographically located in the province of Guangdong which, after Hubei, has been the region of China second-most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to the pathognomonic symptoms of the named disease, homeopathic symptoms are always more helpful for homeopathic prescriptions. Aim This study reports and summarizes the homeopathic symptoms observed in 18 confirmed/suspected epidemiologically related cases in cluster outbreaks of COVID-19 in Hong Kong in early 2020. Methods Homeopathic symptoms from this case series were collected from 18 consecutive patients who, in addition to their concurrent conventional treatment or traditional Chinese medicine, actively sought help from homeopathy as an adjunctive measure for symptomatic relief from COVID-19. Cases were categorized according to outbreak clusters, focusing mainly on the homeopathic symptoms. In the analysis, frequency of all homeopathic medicines, common rubrics in all the cases, common rubrics in each of the top-ranked remedies, and differentiating symptoms for each top-ranked remedy were determined. Results Homeopathic symptoms of 18 cases, each identified as mild and belonging to one of six separate clusters, are reported. Eighteen common symptoms screened out of 79 selected rubrics constituted two sets of homeopathic symptom pictures: Bryonia alba (n = 4) and Gelsemium sempervirens (n = 12). Eight and seven differentiating features, respectively, were identified for Bryonia alba and Gelsemium sempervirens. Conclusion The common symptoms of 18 mild COVID-19 cases constituted two sets of homeopathic symptom pictures, indicating Bryonia alba or Gelsemium sempervirens; they were indicated in 4 and 12 cases, respectively, out of the 18 in total.

BUILDING AND EVALUATING AN ANIMAL MODEL FOR SYNDROME IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE IN THE CONTEXT OF UNSTABLE ANGINA (MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA) BY SUPERVISED DATA MINING APPROACHES

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 531-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUZHEN GUO ◽  
JIANXIN CHEN ◽  
HUIHUI ZHAO ◽  
WEI WANG ◽  
JIANQIANG YI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Blood Stasis ◽  
Blood Stasis Syndrome ◽  
Novel Strategy

Building an animal model for a disease is a better avenue to understand the inner mechanism of it. Traditional Chinese Medicine accumulated much practical experience and a large amount of literature to heal diseases during the past 3000 years. However, as there is no available animal model for TCM research because syndrome, the core of TCM theory, it is hard to be diagnosed from animals. In this paper, we present a novel strategy to build and evaluate an animal model for syndrome in TCM in the context of a disease. We first carried out a clinical epidemiology survey for a syndrome (Blood stasis syndrome, BSS) diagnosed by TCM experts in the context of a disease (Unstable angina, UA). Meanwhile, the blood samples of patients included in the survey were collected and measured as physical and chemical specifications by laboratory examinations. Alternatively, we used supervised data mining methods to build association between the specifications and the syndrome in the context of UA. The accuracy of classification was used to evaluate performance of the association built. Finally, we built an animal model for myocardial ischemia and validated the model by established diagnosis criterion of myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, the built association was used to evaluate whether an animal is with BSS. The results indicated that the strategy successfully evaluates and separates the animal model for syndrome in TCM from the counterpart for myocardial ischemia. The novel strategy presented in the paper provides a better insight to understand the nature of syndrome in TCM and pave a basis for personalized therapies of UA.

scholarly journals Selective β2-Adrenoceptor Blockade Rescues Mandibular Growth Retardation in Adolescent Rats Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixin Hong ◽  
Jun Hosomichi ◽  
Hideyuki Maeda ◽  
Yuji Ishida ◽  
Risa Usumi-Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Rankl Expression ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Condylar Head

Activation of the sympathoadrenal system is associated with sleep apnea-related symptoms and metabolic dysfunction induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH). IH can induce hormonal imbalances and growth retardation of the craniofacial bones. However, the relationship between IH and β2-adrenergic receptor signaling in the context of skeletal growth regulation is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of β2-adrenergic receptors in IH-induced mandibular growth retardation and bone metabolic alterations. Male 7-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to IH for 3 weeks. IH conditions were established using original customized hypoxic chambers; IH was induced at a rate of 20 cycles per hour (oxygen levels changed from 4 to 21% in one cycle) for 8 h per day during the 12 h “lights on” period. The rats received intraperitoneal administration of a β2-adrenergic antagonist (butoxamine) or saline. To exclude dietary effects on general growth, the normoxic rats with saline, normoxic rats with butoxamine, and IH rats with butoxamine were subjected to food restriction to match the body weight gains between IH and other three groups. Body weight, heart rate, blood pressure, and plasma concentrations of leptin, serotonin, and growth hormone were measured. Bone growth and metabolism were evaluated using radiography, microcomputed tomography, and immunohistochemical staining. Plasma leptin levels were significantly increased, whereas that of serotonin and growth hormone were significantly decreased following IH exposure. Leptin levels recovered following butoxamine administration. Butoxamine rescued IH-induced mandibular growth retardation, with alterations in bone mineral density at the condylar head of the mandible. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly lower expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in the condylar head of IH-exposed rats. Conversely, recovery of RANKL expression was observed in IH-exposed rats administered with butoxamine. Collectively, our findings suggest that the activation of β2-adrenergic receptors and leptin signaling during growth may be involved in IH-induced skeletal growth retardation of the mandible, which may be mediated by concomitant changes in RANKL expression at the growing condyle.

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