scholarly journals Footprints and Ootheca of Lycorma delicatula Influence Host-Searching and -Acceptance of the Egg-Parasitoid Anastatus orientalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Malek ◽  
Joe M Kaser ◽  
Hannah J Broadley ◽  
Juli Gould ◽  
Marco Ciolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Phloem Feeder ◽  
Berks County ◽  
Arrestment Response

Abstract The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula White (1845) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is an invasive insect that was first reported in North America in Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 2014. It is a polyphagous phloem feeder that attacks over 70 plant species, threatening the agricultural, lumber, and ornamental industries of North America. Infestations of the pest have been reported in several U.S. counties, and a lack of endemic predators and parasitoids feeding on L. delicatula suggests a release from natural enemies in the invaded range. An egg-parasitoid Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) was reported attacking L. delicatula at high rates in its native range and may play a key role in reducing its populations there. To better understand the foraging behavior of A. orientalis, a series of behavioral experiments were conducted to determine successful parasitism and behavioral responses to traces left by adult L. delicatula and to the oothecae which cover their eggs. Our results suggest that wasps detected chemical traces left by L. delicatula adults while walking on surfaces and exhibited a strong arrestment response. Moreover, wasps preferred to oviposit in egg masses with intact oothecae. The implications of these findings are herein discussed with regard to the exploitation of host kairomones by foraging wasps, as well as to its ability to overcome host structural defenses.

scholarly journals Occurrence, Seasonal Abundance, and Superparasitism of Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) as an Egg Parasitoid of the Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) in North America

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houping Liu
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Laboratory Incubation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Ooencyrtus Kuvanae ◽  
Oviposition Sites

The occurrence of egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on its new host, the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)), was surveyed at 4 study plots in 2016 and 10 additional plots in 2017 in Pennsylvania through field collection and laboratory incubation. O. kuvanae adults were found on L. delicatula egg mass surfaces at two plots (ODSouth and Lutz) in 2016, but at none in 2017. The results of laboratory incubation showed that O. kuvanae adults were only recovered from host eggs collected at plot ODSouth in 2016, with adults emerging between 22 April and 2 May 2016 at 22 ± 1 °C, 40% ± 5% relative humidity (RH), and a 16:8 h photoperiod (light/dark). The overall parasitism at this study plot was 6.0% by egg mass and 1.2% by egg. Two oviposition sites contained parasitized L. delicatula eggs, with 12.3% (9.5–15.0%) host egg masses and 3.1% (1.3–5.0%) host eggs utilized by the parasitoid. O. kuvanae parasitism by egg was significantly higher on oviposition site ODSouth #7 than on ODSouth #8. No O. kuvanae adults were reared out of field-collected host eggs from the 10 plots in 2017. Seasonal abundance and superparasitism of O. kuvanae was examined at plot ODSouth in 2017. O. kuvanae-parasitized L. delicatula eggs were found on all four oviposition sites based on field monitoring of parasitoid adult emergence, resulting in a parasitism of 35.4% (18.8–55.6%) by egg mass and 2.2% (0.5–3.9%) by egg. No significant difference in parasitism by egg was observed among oviposition sites. O. kuvanae adults emerged in the field between 2 May and 1 June 2017. Superparasitism was confirmed for O. kuvanae on L. delicatula eggs based on parasitoid production (1.0–3.3 adults/parasitized egg) and adult exit holes (1–3 exit holes/parasitized egg). As the first parasitoid recorded from L. delicatula in North America, O. kuvanae has the potential to become an important biological control agent for L. delicatula in North America, with its well-synchronized life history in the spring, century-long field establishment, superparasitism, and female-biased progeny population. L. delicatula complements the gypsy moth well as an alternative host for O. kuvanae in the field.

Chrysomyxa abietis (needle rust of fir).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract C. abietis is a microcyclic rust fungus; an obligate parasite completing its life cycle on species of Picea (spruce). Only the current year's needles of Picea are infected and those needles are shed early. Reported from northern Europe and Asia, the fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA. It is absent from North America, where susceptible species are native, and Australia and New Zealand, where they are introduced. Although usually not a significant problem in its native range, because conditions are not favourable for heavy infections every year (Smith et al., 1988; Hansen, 1997), this rust could be more damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Due to the fact that small amounts of infection may be overlooked, accidental introduction could occur through importation of infected seedlings or young trees.

Lycorma delicatula. [Distribution map].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Lycorma delicatula (White). Hemiptera: Fulgoridae. Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizhang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Japan, Honshu, Korea Republic, Taiwan and Vietnam) and North America (USA, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Virginia).

The Significance of New Faunal Identifications Attributed to an Early Paleoindian (Gainey Complex) Occupation at the Udora Site, Ontario, Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Storck ◽  
Arthur E. Spiess
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
South Central ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Calcined Bone ◽  
Adaptive Zone

Analysis of calcined bone from the Udora site in south-central Ontario, Canada, indicates that the subsistence of Early Paleoindian (Gainey complex) peoples in the lower Great Lakes region included a mix of both large and small mammals: caribou, hare, and arctic fox. The presence of arctic fox and other paleoecological data indicate that the Paleoindian occupation at Udora occurred in a spruce parkland environment between 10,000 and 10,500 years ago, the minimum age of that habitat, or earlier. Evidence that Paleoindian peoples in northeastern North America also hunted caribou suggests that the concept of a “northern” adaptive zone in the greater Northeast (including the Great Lakes region) has some validity; however, the presence of both parkland and forested environments in this zone and presumed caribou behavioral responses to those environments indicate that Paleoindian adaptations to caribou may have been quite variable.

Behavioral responses of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus to volatiles from adults of its stink bug host, Halyomorpha halys

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Zhi Zhong ◽  
Jin-Ping Zhang ◽  
Li-Li Ren ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Hai-Xia Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus

scholarly journals Crop domestication facilitated rapid geographical expansion of a specialist pollinator, the squash bee Peponapis pruinosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1833) ◽  
pp. 20160443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita M. López-Uribe ◽  
James H. Cane ◽  
Robert L. Minckley ◽  
Bryan N. Danforth
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Crop Domestication ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Colonization Routes ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Founder Events ◽  
Peponapis Pruinosa

Squash was first domesticated in Mexico and is now found throughout North America (NA) along with Peponapis pruinosa , a pollen specialist bee species of the squash genus Cucurbita . The origin and spread of squash cultivation is well-studied archaeologically and phylogenetically; however, no study has documented how cultivation of this or any other crop has influenced species in mutualistic interactions. We used molecular markers to reconstruct the demographic range expansion and colonization routes of P. pruinosa from its native range into temperate NA. Populations east of the Rocky Mountains expanded from the wild host plant's range in Mexico and were established by a series of founder events. Eastern North America was most likely colonized from squash bee populations in the present-day continental Midwest USA and not from routes that followed the Gulf and Atlantic coasts from Mexico. Populations of P. pruinosa west of the Rockies spread north from the warm deserts much more recently, showing two genetically differentiated populations with no admixture: one in California and the other one in eastern Great Basin. These bees have repeatedly endured severe bottlenecks as they colonized NA, following human spread of their Cucurbita pollen hosts during the Holocene.

scholarly journals Identification of Resistance to the Large Raspberry Aphid in Black Raspberry

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dossett ◽  
Chad E. Finn
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Black Raspberries ◽  
Rubus Occidentalis ◽  
Amphorophora Agathonica

The large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora agathonica Hottes) is an important vector of viruses in Rubus L. across North America. Although breeding for aphid resistance has long been recognized as an important tool for protecting red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) from viral infection, this is the first report of resistance to A. agathonica in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.). Seedlings from 132 wild populations of black raspberries, representing the species' native range, were screened for resistance to A. agathonica. Strong resistance was found in three of these populations, one from Ontario (ORUS 3778), one from Maine (ORUS 3817), and one from Michigan (ORUS 4109). Resistance to the large raspberry aphid in ORUS 3778 and ORUS 3817 is dominant and appears to be conferred by different genes. We propose that the genes for resistance in ORUS 3778 and ORUS 3817 be designated Ag4 and Ag5, respectively. Resistance to A. agathonica in ORUS 4109 also appears to be controlled by a dominant allele at a single locus, but cannot be differentiated from Ag4 at this time.

scholarly journals Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Native Range

Abstract Trachypogon spicatus is a perennial grass with a large native distribution range extending from North America to South America, and across tropical and subtropical Africa. This species is weedy within its native range and is considered a weed of plantations in Tanzania and a weed of pastures across Africa. Despite being included in a list of invasive plant species in Cuba, no information is provided regarding its impact, and another source records T. spicatus as native to Cuba.

scholarly journals Introduced bees ( Osmia cornifrons ) collect pollen from both coevolved and novel host-plant species within their family-level phylogenetic preferences

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 200225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Vaudo ◽  
David J. Biddinger ◽  
Wiebke Sickel ◽  
Alexander Keller ◽  
Margarita M. López-Uribe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Host Plant Species

Studying the pollen preferences of introduced bees allows us to investigate how species use host-plants when establishing in new environments. Osmia cornifrons is a solitary bee introduced into North America from East Asia for pollination of Rosaceae crops such as apples and cherries. We investigated whether O. cornifrons (i) more frequently collected pollen from host-plant species they coevolved with from their geographic origin, or (ii) prefer host-plant species of specific plant taxa independent of origin. To address this question, using pollen metabarcoding, we examined the identity and relative abundance of pollen in larval provisions from nests located in different landscapes with varying abundance of East-Asian and non-Asian plant species. Our results show that O. cornifrons collected more pollen from plant species from their native range. Plants in the family Rosaceae were their most preferred pollen hosts, but they differentially collected species native to East Asia, Europe, or North America depending on the landscape. Our results suggest that while O. cornifrons frequently collect pollen of East-Asian origin, the collection of pollen from novel species within their phylogenetic familial affinities is common and can facilitate pollinator establishment. This phylogenetic preference highlights the effectiveness of O. cornifrons as crop pollinators of a variety of Rosaceae crops from different geographic origins. Our results imply that globalization of non-native plant species may ease the naturalization of their coevolved pollinators outside of their native range.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document