Gender differences in the effects of weight reduction on future blood pressure elevation in the overweight middle-aged population

Abstract Background The effectiveness of weight loss (WL) to prevent blood pressure (BP) elevation is common knowledge; however, the effect of gender differences on this efficacy is not known. We aimed to investigate whether there were gender differences in the degree of BP increase and the prevalence of hypertension in the future when middle-aged obese participants achieved slight WL. Methods We analyzed the annual health checkup data for the general Japanese population collected from January 2001 through December 2015. Middle-aged participants (40–49 years old) with overweight (body mass index [BMI], 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) who had examination data for two follow-up time-points (after 3 and 10 years) were included. The participants with a BMI decrease ≥1.0 kg/m2 in 3 years (WL group) were propensity score (PS)-matched to those with a BMI decrease <1.0 kg/m2 or weight gain (non-WL group) based on the data of the first examination, including age, BMI, smoking and drinking status, eGFR, systolic BP and diastolic BP, and hypertension (defined as SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg). We compared the BMI, systolic BP, and hypertension prevalence after 10 years in both groups. Results There were 17,554 individuals, aged 40–49 years, with overweight. After excluding subjects who did not satisfy the inclusion criteria and PS matching, we identified 232 men and 160 women in both WL and non-WL groups. The BMI in the WL group after 3 years was significantly lower than that in the non-WL group (men, 25.2±1.4 kg/m2 vs. 27.1±1.6 kg/m2, P<0.001; women, 24.9±1.4 kg/m2 vs. 27.1±1.5 kg/m2, P<0.001), and the significance persisted even after 10 years among both men and women (men, 25.5±1.8 kg/m2 vs. 26.8±2.1 kg/m2, P<0.001; women, 25.3±2.0 kg/m2 vs. 26.8±2.2 kg/m2, P<0.001). Among women, the systolic BP and hypertension prevalence after 10 years were significantly lower in the WL group than in the non-WL group (systolic BP, 124.8±16.3 mmHg vs. 130.3±19.0 mmHg, P<0.01; hypertension prevalence, 35.0% vs. 48.1%, P<0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the SBP and hypertension prevalence after 10 years among men between the groups (systolic BP, 129.0±17.7 mmHg vs. 129.0±17.5 mmHg, P=0.96; hypertension prevalence, 46.1% vs. 48.7%, P=0.57). Conclusions There were gender differences in the effectiveness of WL to prevent future BP elevation in overweight middle-aged participants. WL could prevent future BP elevation and the hypertension onset in women but not in men. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Blood pressure development and hypertensive retinopathy: 20-year follow-up of middle-aged normotensive and hypertensive men

Journal of Human Hypertension ◽

10.1038/jhh.2009.94 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 505-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H Gudmundsdottir ◽

N C B B Taarnhøj ◽

A H Strand ◽

S E Kjeldsen ◽

A Høieggen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Pressure Development

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Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Potential Risk for Blood Pressure Elevation and the Development of Hypertension

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57121297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (12) ◽

pp. 1297

Author(s):

Yusuf Karadeniz ◽

Fatma Özpamuk-Karadeniz ◽

Süleyman Ahbab ◽

Esra Ataoğlu ◽

Günay Can

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Blood Pressure Elevation ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Low Levels ◽

Optimal Blood Pressure ◽

Hypertension Development

Background and objectives: Hypertension is a global health problem and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to high blood pressure and the development of hypertension. This study investigated the relationship between the vitamin D and blood pressure status in healthy adults, and their 8-year follow-up was added. Materials and Methods: A total of 491 healthy middle-aged participants without any chronic illness, ages 21 to 67 at baseline, were divided into two groups as non-optimal blood pressure (NOBP) and optimal blood pressure (OBP). NOBP group was divided into two subgroups: normal (NBP) and high normal blood pressure (HNBP). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were measured with the immunoassay method. 8-year follow-up of the participants was added. Results: The average vitamin D level was detected 32.53 ± 31.50 nmol/L in the OBP group and 24.41 ± 14.40 nmol/L in the NOBP group, and a statistically significant difference was found (p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the mean vitamin D level was detected as 24.69 ± 13.74 and 24.28 ± 14.74 nmol/L in NBP and HNBP, respectively. Together with parathyroid hormone, other metabolic parameters were found to be significantly higher in the NOBP. During a median follow-up of 8 years, higher hypertension development rates were seen in NOBP group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The low levels of vitamin D were significantly associated with NBP and HNBP. The low levels of vitamin D were also associated with the development of hypertension in an 8-year follow-up.

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Evaluation of Monitoring for Metabolic Effects in Children Treated With Second Generation Antipsychotics in a Pediatric Clinic

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.5863/1551-6776-18.4.292 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 292-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Brooke L. Honey ◽

Lourdes Ramos ◽

Nancy C. Brahm

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Patient Care ◽

Second Generation ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Antipsychotic Therapy ◽

Antipsychotic Medications ◽

Pediatric Clinic

OBJECTIVES The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the frequency of recommended metabolic monitoring and follow-up in pediatric patients on second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medications from a pediatric clinic. METHODS A retrospective review of electronic medical records of all patients on antipsychotics from an academic medical center pediatric clinic was conducted. Inclusion criteria required patients to be established members of the pediatric clinic, < 19 years of age, and on ≥ 1 SGA for at least 1 year, regardless of medical diagnosis. Data collection consisted of patient demographic information and frequency of family history, vital signs, and recommended laboratory monitoring. RESULTS A total of 67 patients on antipsychotics were identified. After the application of inclusion criteria, 32 patients qualified for review. The average age was 13.5 ± 4 years and gender distribution included 72% males. Only 4 (13%) patients had documented baseline monitoring that included weight, blood pressure, and fasting lipid panel. No patient had a fasting plasma glucose recorded at any point during antipsychotic therapy. Follow-up monitoring decreased over time, with the exception of quarterly weight and annual blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the lack of baseline and periodic monitoring that occur when pediatric patients are prescribed antipsychotic medications, putting the patient at risk for adverse events. The marked increase in antipsychotic prescribing and concerns related to their safety emphasize the need for improvement in monitoring of antipsychotic medications. This gap in patient care and safety opens an excellent opportunity for a clinical pharmacy team to provide education and assistance with SGA monitoring for the purpose of providing optimal patient care.

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P4346Religious education and midlife observance are associated with lower coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality 23 years later

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0754 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

S Eilat-Adar ◽

U Goldbourt

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Reference Group ◽

Middle Aged

Abstract Objective To determine whether self-reported religiosity is associated with decreased coronary mortality risk in middle-aged men when rates are adjusted for known confounders. Design The Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease (IIHD) Project (n=10,232) was chosen by stratified sampling of civil servants and municipal male employees, men aged 40–65 in 1963. Subjects were seen upon enrollment (1963) and at two follow-up visits (1965 and 1968). Extent of religiosity according to belief and practice collected in 1965 on a scale from 1 to 5. Religiosity was defined as follow: (1) The most-strict observance of religious rules “Haredim”. (2) “Religious” (3) “Traditional” (4) “Secular” (5) The part of the latter who declared themselves to be “nonbelievers” were categorized as “agnostic”. Main outcome measure Coronary heart disease (CHD) death, determined from death certificates in 23 years of follow-up Results Among 9245 participants, 1098 died from CHD during 23 years follow up. Ever smoking, Body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status were significantly lower while age and diabetes were higher according to increasing religiosity. Religiosity was inversely related to CHD mortality. Demographic, anthropometric characteristics according to religion, and odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI), for CHD mortality, (using agnostic as a reference group) are presented in table 1. Characteristics according to religion Religiosity Haredim (n=2103) Religious (n=1528) Traditional (n=1782) Secular (n=2085) Agnostic (n=1747) P for trend Age years (SD) 50.2 (6.9) 48.8 (6.6) 48.4 (6.7) 48.8 (6.6) 45.9 (6.8) <0.001 Ever smoking% 58.7 67.6 70.7 71.9 72.6 0.001 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 136 (21) 135 (20) 135 (21) 134 (20) 135 (20) 0.115 Diabetes (%) 9.8 11.1 8.3 8.8 6.5 <0.001 Socioeconomic status 2.2 (1.3) 2.3 (1.1) 2.7 (1.1) 2.7 (1.2) 3.1 (1.4) <0.001 BMI kg/m2 (SD) 22.5 (3.6) 25.9 (3.5) 25.9 (3.2) 25.6 (3.2) 25.4 (2.9) 0.028 Cholesterol (mg%) 201 (38) 207 (41) 208 (39) 214 (40) 218 (40) 0.001 Number of death (% category) 187 (8.9) 161 (10.5) 185 (10.4) 228 (10.9) 225 (12.9) <0.001 OR (95% CI)* 0.67 (0.53–0.85) 0.85 (0.67–1.08) 0.84 (0.67–1.05) 0.87 (0.71–1.08) 1 *Adjusted for age, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, socioeconomic status, body mass index and cholesterol. Conclusion Religiosity was associated with lower CHD death in employed middle aged Israeli men followed up prospectively for 23 years.

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Gender- and Age-Specific Differences in the Association of Hyperuricemia and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2019/7545137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaoyun Lin ◽

Xiqian Wang ◽

Xin Li ◽

Lili Song ◽

Zhaowei Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Prevalence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Increasing Trends ◽

Increased Susceptibility

Objective. Both hyperuricemia and hypertension have important clinical implications, but their relationship in terms of gender and age is still a matter of debate. In this study, we aimed to explore gender- and age-specific differences in this association between hyperuricemia and hypertension in a Chinese population. Methods. A total of 78596 ostensibly healthy subjects (47781 men and 30815 women) were recruited. The association between hyperuricemia and hypertension was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, and the analyses were stratified by gender and age. Results. Overall prevalence of hypertension and hyperuricemia was significantly higher in males than in females. Increasing trends of hypertension prevalence in both genders as well as hyperuricemia prevalence in females were found along with aging. However, males showed a reduced trend in hyperuricemia prevalence with aging. Higher hypertension and hyperuricemia prevalence was found in young and middle-aged men than in women, but not in elderly people older than 70 years. Significantly increased risk of hypertension from hyperuricemia was found only in men with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.131 (P<0.01), especially in the middle-aged male participants. However, such significant results were not found in women. Similarly, hyperuricemia was also an independent risk factor of increased systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in males, but not in females. Conclusion. We observed significantly higher overall prevalence of hyperuricemia and hypertension in men than in women. Men with hyperuricemia (particularly in middle age) had a significantly increased susceptibility of hypertension, while this significant association was not observed in women.

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