scholarly journals Coagulopathy and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_E) ◽  
pp. E95-E98
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Luca Lorini ◽  
Maria Di Matteo ◽  
Paolo Gritti ◽  
Lorenzo Grazioli ◽  
Alberto Benigni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Common Features ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Clinical Pictures ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Inflammatory System

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with frequent thrombotic events, at the micro and macro-vascular level, due to the perpetuation of a state of hypercoagulability. The so-called ‘COVID-19 associated coagulopathy’ (CAC) represents a key aspect in the genesis of organ damage from SARS-CoV-2. The main coagulative alterations described in the literature are represented by high levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen. Although CAC has some common features with disseminated intravascular coagulation and sepsis-induced coagulopathy, there are important differences between these clinical pictures and the phenotype of CAC is unique. The pathogenesis of CAC is complex and is affected by the strong interconnection between the inflammatory system and coagulation, in the phenomenon of immunothrombosis and thrombo-inflammation. Several mechanisms come into play, such as inflammatory cytokines, neutrophils, the complement system as well as an alteration of the fibrinolytic system. Finally, an altered platelet function and especially endothelial dysfunction also play a central role in the pathophysiology of CAC. Heparin has several potential effects in CAC, in fact in addition to the anticoagulant effect, it could have a direct antiviral effect and anti-inflammatory properties. The high incidence of thrombo-embolic phenomena despite the use of antithrombotic prophylaxis have led some experts to recommend the use of anticoagulant doses of heparin, but at present the optimal anticoagulant regimen remains to be determined.

The Association Between Immunodeficiency and the Development of Autoimmune Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Sleasman
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Iga Deficiency ◽  
Selective Iga Deficiency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Autoimmune Cytopenias ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
Common Variable

There is a paradoxical relationship between immunodeficiency diseases and autoimmunity. While not all individuals with immunodeficiency develop autoimmunity, nor are all individuals with autoimmunity immunodeficient, defects within certain components of the immune system carry a high risk for the development of autoimmune disease. Inherited deficiencies of the complement system have a high incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis. Carrier mothers of children with chronic granulomatous disease, an X-linked defect of phagocytosis, often develop discoid lupus. Several antibody deficiencies are associated with autoimmune disease. Autoimmune cytopenias are commonly observed in individuals with selective IgA deficiency and common variable immune deficiency. Polyarticular arthritis can be seen in children with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Combined cellular and antibody deficiencies, such as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, carry an increased risk for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Several hypothetical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the associations between autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. Immunologic defects may result in a failure to exclude microbial antigens, resulting in chronic immunologic activation and autoimmune symptoms. There may be shared genetic factors, such as common HLA alleles, which predispose an individual to both autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. Defects within one component of the immune system may alter the way a pathogen induces an immune response and lead to an inflammatory response directed at self-antigens. An understanding of the immunologic defects that contribute to the development of autoimmunity will provide an insight into the pathogenesis of the autoimmune process.

GW24-e3740 Comparison of biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and risk of early organ damage between primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension

Heart ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 99 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A207.2-A207
Author(s):  
Liu Pin-Ming ◽  
Liu Gang ◽  
Zhang Shao-Ling ◽  
Yin Guo-Shu ◽  
Tang Ju-Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Organ Damage

HYPOTONIC CEREBRAL PALSY IN MENTAL DEFECTIVES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
HERMAN YANNET ◽  
FRANK HORTON
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Pathologic Process ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Convulsive Disorders ◽  
Mental Defectives ◽  
Clinical Pictures ◽  
Mental Defect

The relative importance of the hypotonic type of cerebral palsy among the mentally defective is stressed. This type of cerebral palsy manifests itself in either of three clinical pictures with some overlapping, namely, atonic, ataxic and athetoid. The etiology is variable in each of these groups and may be effective in either the prenatal, paranatal or postnatal periods. The severity of the mental defect, the high incidence of convulsive disorders, and the tendency toward microcephaly point towards the widespread nature of the pathologic process regardless of etiology. The syndrome of atonic diplegia, as herein described, is probably invariably associated with the more severe degrees of mental deficiency.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF LIPID PEROXIDATION PROCESSES AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC VASCULAR CHANGES AND INDICATORS ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CKD STAGES II-IV

2015 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
O.M. Loboda ◽  
І.V. Krasyuk ◽  
V.V. Alexeeva ◽  
L.V. Korol ◽  
V.Y. Druanska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Relationship Of

The aim of our study was to determine the relationship of processes of atherogenesis and indicators of endothelial dysfunction with the processes of activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and chronic inflammation in patients with CKD stages II-IV. Material and methods. Levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, indicators of lipid peroxidation, the thickness of the intima-media (IMT) of the carotid artery, ankle-brachial index (ABI) were measured in 90 patients with CKD stage II-IV (30 - CKD st. II, 31 patients with CKD st. III and 29 st. IV CKD patients) and 30 healthy subjects (control group). The correlation analysis was performed to identify the possible association between the obtained parameters of atherosclerotic vascular lesions and endothelial dysfunction and indices of lipid peroxidation and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results. The average levels of interferon-y, interleukin (IL) -1p and IL-10 in patients with CKD II-IV Art. were significantly increased compared with the corresponding values in the control group. The average levels of malondialde- hyde (MDA) of serum and MDA of erythrocyte in CKD patients was significantly increased compared with the corresponding values in the control group, and the antioxidant system indices - total peroxidase activity of erythrocytes and serum levels of the sulfhydrylgroups was significantly reduced relative to the corresponding values in the group control. 39 (43%) patients with CKD st. II-IV were recorded carotid atherosclerotic changes. The IMT (from 0.91 to 1.29 mm) defined in 22 (56%) patients and atherosclerotic plaques (IMT > 1,3 mm) defined in 17 (44%) patients. Bilateral carotid atherosclerotic lesions was observed in 14 (36%) patients with CKD st. II-IV. Endothelial dysfunction was observed in 71 (79%) patients with CKD st. II-IV. There was a statistically significant association between indicators of chronic inflammation, lipid peroxidation and indicators of atherosclerotic vascular lesions and endothelial dysfunction. Conclusion. Pathological processes ofLPO activation, chronic inflammation are closely linked between themselves and progression of atherosclerotic vascular lesions in CKD.

Sa1383 Assessment of Glucose Tolerance, Inflammatory Cytokines and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis and Newly Diagnosed Pancreatic Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. S-279
Author(s):  
Anita Gasiorowska ◽  
Renata Talar-Wojnarowska ◽  
Aleksandra Kaczka ◽  
Anna Borkowska ◽  
Leszek Czupryniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

scholarly journals The Association Between Inflammatory Markers and Hypertension. A Call for Anti-Inflammatory Strategies?

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1262-1273
Author(s):  
Néstor H. García ◽  
Luis I. Juncos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiovascular Damage ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

The most important goal of antihypertensive therapy is to prevent the complications associated with hypertension (stroke, myocardial infarction, end-stage renal disease, etc). For this, secondary targets such as left ventricular hypertrophy, proteinuria, dementia, and other signs of hypertension-induced organ damage help the physician to assess risks and monitor treatment efficacy. New treatment targets may be arising, however. One such target may be endothelial dysfunction. In effect, endothelial dysfunction not only may precede the elevation of blood pressure, but may also pave the way to conditions often associated with hypertension, such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, microalbuminuria, congestive heart failure, and tissue hypertrophy. Because inflammation often accompanies endothelial dysfunction, approaches to counteract inflammation are now being evaluated. For this, antagonists of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, statins, and beta blockers are all being tested. All of these agents seem to prevent or delay the induction of proinflammatory molecules aside from, and in addition to, their specific effects on blood pressure. The focus of this review is to update some of the animal and human research showing that hypertension sets off an inflammatory state and also to consider some of the anti-inflammatory approaches that may prevent the development of endothelial dysfunction, and the subsequent renal and cardiovascular damage.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Subclinical Organ Damage in Adults With Hypertension

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazyna Sypniewska ◽  
Joanna Pollak ◽  
Pawel Strozecki ◽  
Firaas Camil ◽  
Marek Kretowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Associations between inflammatory cytokines and organ damage in pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Cytokine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Long Yang ◽  
Xiao-Jun Xu ◽  
Yong-Min Tang ◽  
Hua Song ◽  
Wei-Qun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Organ Damage

Prognostic Value of Non-Overt DIC Criteria in Patients with Sepsis.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4049-4049
Author(s):  
Moon Ju Jang ◽  
So Young Chong ◽  
Myung Seo Kang ◽  
Sun Ju Lee ◽  
Doyeun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Mortality Prediction ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Diagnostic Power ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract DIC is a frequent complication of sepsis resulted in high mortality. The early diagnosis of DIC in septic patients is necessary to reduce the mortality by the prevention of irreversible organ damage through earlier therapeutic intervention. We investigated the performance of the ISTH non-overt DIC criteria and its modification by adding antithrombin (AT), protein C and Organ Failure Scoring (OFS) system for mortality prediction were evaluated in 100 septic patients prospectively enrolled between July 2004 and March 2006. Platelet count, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer, AT, protein C on day 0,1,2,3,4, and 7 were measured in each patient. ISTH overt and non-overt DIC scoring with 28-day mortality, OFS was evaluated to assess the diagnostic value of each criterion in the prediction of clinical outcome. Twenty-five, 14 and 61 had overt DIC, non-overt DIC and non-DIC respectively. Platelet count, PT, AT, protein C levels were significantly different between DIC and non-DIC. D-dimer and protein C levels were significantly different between overt and non-overt DIC. The 28-day mortality rate of overt DIC, non-overt DIC and non-DIC was 44, 50 and 11.5% respectively. By adding AT and protein C on non-overt DIC criteria, the 28-day mortality rate of overt DIC, non-overt DIC and non-DIC became changed to 44, 31.4 and 7.5% respectively, but there was no difference between overt and non-overt DIC patients. Addition of AT, protein C or OFS to ISTH non-overt DIC criteria did not improve the diagnostic power significantly. In conclusion, ISTH non-overt DIC criteria is feasible to predict the poor outcome of septic patients.

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