scholarly journals Physical activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sorić
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups

Abstract The focus within this policy area was on the effectiveness of available school-based policies that aim at increasing energy expenditure. A special focus is directed to the type and content of the implemented interventions. In turn, interventions that were designed to increase physical activity were contrasted with the programmes that strived to improve physical fitness as well as with the strategies to reduce sedentary time. The moderation of the effects by gender, with a specific focus on socially vulnerable groups of children (e.g. socially disadvantaged children, ethnic minorities) was also examined. The current contribution of sedentary behaviours and physical activity to the current obesity epidemic are poorly understood, the STOP project looked at comparing the effectiveness of interventions that aimed to increase energy expenditure by reducing sedentary behaviour with interventions that targeted physical activity or physical fitness, with a special attention directed towards evidence involving disadvantaged groups of children.

scholarly journals ULOGA FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI I VJEŽBANJA KOD PRETILOSTI I KONTROLE TEŽINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danimir Gajić
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Physiological Theory

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased during the last decade causing devastatingconsequences to the public health. Health and dietary exerts recommended healthier diet andphysical activity as strategies to reduce obesity. However, there has been a great deal of confusionabout the role of physical activity and exercise in obesity and weight management in general. Thefocus of this article is based on the fact that reduced physical activity and energy expenditure causeobesity and the obesity can lead to serious health problems among which are cardio vasculardiseases. The idea that obesity is caused by consistent decline in daily energy expenditure is notsupported either by objective measures of energy expenditure or physiological theory of weight gainalone. However, since voluntary exercise is the most important discretionary component of total dailyenergy expenditure, it can affect energy balance. In regards to the above-mentioned physical activityhas a big potential to become important part of the solution for the ongoing obesity epidemic.

Contexts, Mechanisms, and Outcomes That Matter in Dutch Community-Based Physical Activity Programs Targeting Socially Vulnerable Groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Herens ◽  
Annemarie Wagemakers ◽  
Lenneke Vaandrager ◽  
Johan van Ophem ◽  
Maria Koelen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Physical Activity Programs ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups

This article presents a practitioner-based approach to identify key combinations of contextual factors (C) and mechanisms (M) that trigger outcomes (O) in Dutch community-based health-enhancing physical activity (CBHEPA) programs targeting socially vulnerable groups. Data were collected in six programs using semi-structured interviews and focus groups using a timeline technique. Sessions were recorded, anonymized, and transcribed. A realist synthesis protocol was used for data-driven and thematic analysis of CMO configurations. CMO configurations related to community outreach, program sustainability, intersectoral collaboration, and enhancing participants’ active lifestyles. We have refined the CBHEPA program theory by showing that actors’ passion for, and past experiences with, physical activity programs trigger outcomes, alongside their commitment to socially vulnerable target groups. Project discontinuity, limited access to resources, and a trainer’s stand-alone position were negative configurations. The authors conclude that local governance structures appear often to lack adaptive capacity to accommodate multilevel processes to sustain programs.

scholarly journals Problems and ways to solve the refugees’ employment in the Republic of Belarus under conditions of integration processes

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Kristina Kraуenkova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Static Data ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Analytical System

The subject of the study is the employment of refugees in the Republic of Belarus. The aim of the work is to identify problems and find solutions to refugee employment in the Republic of Belarus. The methodological basis of the article was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the employment of refugees in the country, statistics from official portals. Results of work. The article analyzes static data on the dynamics of the number of forced migrants in the Republic of Belarus, studies the country's policy on the labor market for refugees, identifies problems in their employment and suggests a solution that includes promoting the principles of social entrepreneurship in national practice. Scope of the results. The conclusions and results of the article can be used in improving labor relations in the field of refugee employment by securing at the legislative level a new type of economic activity, «social entrepreneurship». Findings. As a result of the study, effective measures for the employment of refugees were proposed and established priority areas for the development of social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Belarus were established, which include: - consolidation of the concept of «socially vulnerable layers of the population»; - improving the regulatory framework, including labor relations of socially vulnerable groups of the population, including refugees; - the development of social entrepreneurship as a form of doing business with a pronounced social goal; - the formation of an information-analytical system for managing social entrepreneurship; - creation of a virtual portal of social entrepreneurship, where information on employment of socially disadvantaged groups of people by their groups will be presented in separate content, a vacancy bank, requirements, working conditions and direct contact details of social entrepreneurship entities will be presented. The implementation of the indicated directions and priorities will accelerate the processes of integration, socialization and adaptation of refugees in our country, and effectively develop the labor market of socially vulnerable layers of the population, which is one of the priority directions of the policy of the Republic of Belarus.

The Impact of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness on Health Indicators among Older Adults

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda S. Pescatello ◽  
Loretta DiPietro ◽  
Ann E. Fargo ◽  
Adrian M. Ostfeld ◽  
Ethan R. Nadel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
The Impact

The cross-sectional relationship between physical activity, physical fitness, and measures of resting hemodynamic function and adiposity was examined in 11 women and 14 men, all of whom were in good health (Mage = 69.3 yrs). Resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) differed significantly by quartiles of both weekly energy expenditure and estimated VO2max. Subjects whose energy expenditure was above the 50th percentile had significantly lower DBP than less active subjects, independent of age, gender, and VO2max, whereas those above the 75th percentile of VO2max had lower DBP and mean arterial pressure compared to less fit subjects, independent of age, gender, and weekly energy expenditure. There were no significant differences in the body mass index or percent body fat by quartile of weekly energy expenditure or estimated VO2max in the multivariable analysis. Mean waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) differed by level of weekly energy expenditure, independent of age, gender, and VO2max; individuals who reported a threshold of energy expenditure ≥6,099 kcal/wk had less relative abdominal fat than those reporting less activity. There were no significant independent differences in mean WHR or the central-to-peripheral skinfold ratio between quartiles of VO2max.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Level Using Doubly-Labeled Water in Relation to Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Preschoolers

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Leppänen ◽  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
Christine Delisle Nyström ◽  
Francisco Llorente-Cantarero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water

Background and objectives: There is a lack of studies investigating associations of physical activity level (PAL) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) using the doubly-labeled water (DLW) method with body composition and physical fitness in young children. Thus, we aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of PAL and AEE with body composition indices and physical fitness components in Swedish preschool children. Materials and methods: PAL was calculated as total energy expenditure measured using DLW divided by the predicted basal metabolic rate in 40 children aged 5.5 (standard deviation 0.2) years. AEE was calculated as total energy expenditure minus basal metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food, and divided by fat-free mass. Body composition was assessed using the 3-component model by combining measurements based on isotope dilution and air-displacement plethysmography. Physical fitness (muscular strength, motor fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness) was evaluated using the PREFIT test battery. Multiple linear regression models were conducted. Results: PAL and AEE were negatively associated with body mass index, percent body fat, and fat mass index (PAL: standardized β −0.35, −0.41, and −0.45, all p < 0.036; AEE: standardized β −0.44, −0.44, and −0.47, all p < 0.006, respectively). Furthermore, PAL and AEE were positively associated with the standing long jump test (PAL: standardized β 0.37, p = 0.017; AEE: standardized β 0.38, p = 0.014). There were no statistically significant associations found regarding PAL or AEE with fat-free mass index or any other physical fitness test. Conclusions: Greater PAL and AEE at the age 5.5 were significantly associated with body fatness and improved lower-body muscular strength. Therefore, increasing physical activity, and thus energy expenditure, at young ages may be beneficial for preventing overweight/obesity. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the results.

scholarly journals Physiology Understanding Week in a public middle school in Southern Indiana: exercise and health

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Daniela Terson de Paleville ◽  
Kathryn Harman ◽  
Eileen Richards ◽  
Jason R. Jaggers ◽  
Kristi King
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
School Students ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure

The Physiology Understanding (PhUn) Week is a national outreach event sponsored by the American Physiological Society. Our PhUn team conducted an event for 551 students (12.5 ± 0.9 yr old) in a middle school in Indiana. The aims of this program were to: 1) teach about the negative consequences of inactivity on cardiovascular (CV) health and overall well-being; 2) help students to determine their own CV fitness level and design their fitness plan; and 3) test the hypothesis that students who are offered daily physical education (PE) classes are able to meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. The University of Louisville PhUn team visited the school during school hours to execute the outreach program to students enrolled in Health and PE as their course elective. During the event, students were educated about CV physiology and the effects of exercise on CV fitness and metabolism. Additionally, students were asked to completed a questionnaire about their physical activity behaviors outside the school. Students were also educated about ways to increase energy expenditure by 150 METy (units of metabolism for youth) per day during 7 days. CV fitness levels were estimated by using the PACER (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) test, and students were asked to create a plan to increase energy expenditure daily. The results showed that 53% of the students did not perform enough physical activity outside school to meet the guidelines. In conclusion, the incorporation of PE in schools is critical to cultivate healthy lifestyles and decrease the sedentarism epidemic in the U.S.

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