scholarly journals 29.D. Skills building seminar: Using design thinking to mitigate the impact of homelessness on individuals and families

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In keeping with the conference theme Future of Humanity: analysis, advocacy and action; we propose a skills-building workshop incorporating innovative learning practices and use of design thinking processes for a pertinent public health issue - homelessness. Complex problems, including homelessness, remain intractable due to a number of issues including policies, social norms, powerlessness and lack of knowledge. Leaving no one behind is the mantra of the programme for Sustainable Development Goals; the blueprint for a sustainable world. It is imperative to consider how this translates for homeless groups and ensure they are not left behind and continue to experience inequalities in health outcomes and hardship. Design thinking itself is an approach to problem-solving that is human-centred, focusing on empathy, idea generation and prototyping of solutions underpinned by designer thinking processes with consideration of feasibility and viability of solutions. We propose a 60-minute design thinking sprint for active, collaborative learning, building capacity and knowledge. Our proposed format incorporates creativity and innovative methods to engage with conference delegates, sharing of experiences and bringing the outside world into our session. This method frames a problem in a human-centric way by first understanding another's perspective and we propose to use the Stanford D. model: empathize, define, ideate, prototype and test. To introduce design thinking to address homelessness as a major public health issue.To undertake a design sprint with participants to address the health impact of homelessness through the development of low fidelity prototypes.To explore the application of design thinking to other complex public health challenges and as a tool for collaboration and problem-solving in public health. We will use the framework of a design sprint for the session: Introduction - 'Homelessness' as a complex public health challenge 5 mins Explaining Design Thinking and Design Sprints 5 mins Phase 1 - Empathizing: Understanding Homelessness 10 minsPhase 2 - Defining: What is a specific user challenge? 5 minsPhase 3 - Ideating: Brainstorm solutions 10 minsPhase 4 - Rapid prototyping: Building low fidelity solutions for testing 10 minsPhase 5 - Pitching: Presentation of prototypes 10 mins Summary and next steps for collaboration (Chair): 5 mins The workshop will use creative methods of engagement, including drawing, writing, storyboarding, constructing/modelling components to build end-user solutions for homelessness. The use of a design sprint format offers an alternative to either oral presentations or a panel discussion for collaborative and creative engagement with delegates. Both Chairpersons have used design thinking to consider homelessness for children, families and adults in Ireland. Key messages Design thinking provides testable innovations in service development for socially marginalised groups. Design thinking is a low cost, creative form that facilitates close collaboration between service providers and users.

O’Cionnfaola v. the Wellcome Foundation and Daniel McCarthy

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
Michael Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Free State ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vaccine Confidence ◽  
The Impact

Chapter six argues that by the end of 1936, the Irish Free State had come close to incepting an operational national anti-diphtheria immunization scheme. This is a noteworthy achievement, as state-backed anti-diphtheria schemes were not introduced as an intervention against this pressing public health issue in the rest of Europe until 1938 and were only pursued with any vigour when wartime conditions exacerbated the problem from 1940 onwards. If it had progressed unimpeded, the Free State intervention seemed destined to eliminate diphtheria, and to become the first established national childhood immunization programme in Europe. However, the death of Siobhán O’Cionnfaola in April 1937, and the subsequent controversy surrounding the Ring incident, asked serious questions of active immunization and ultimately undermined vaccine confidence among parents, practitioners, and politicians. This chapter will evaluate the impact of the Ring controversy and the social, political and medical implications left in the wake of the incident.

Physician Wellness Is an Ethical and Public Health Issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosandra Walker ◽  
Harold Pine
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Physician Burnout ◽  
Sustainable Change ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Physician Wellness ◽  
Hospital Systems ◽  
The Impact

Attention to physician well-being has traditionally focused on substance abuse, usually with disciplinary implications. But, in recent years, greater notice has been granted toward physician burnout and overall wellness. Burnout and its sequelae not only affect physicians and physicians-in-training as individuals, but the impact then multiplies as it affects these physicians’ patients, colleagues, and hospital systems. In addition, the American Medical Association Code of Medical Ethics charges physicians with a responsibility to maintain their own health and wellness as well as promote that of their colleagues. Therefore, the question of physician wellness has both public health and ethical implications. The causes of burnout are multifactorial, and the solutions to sustainable change are multitiered.

Implementation of 3D printing and the effect on decision making in logistics management

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Logistics Management ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Logistics Service ◽  
Service Portfolio ◽  
The Impact

PurposeFrom a synthesis of literature, the purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual service development methodology showing the impact of 3D printing as a disruptive technology to the service portfolio. The methodology is designed to support practitioners and academics in better understanding the impact of disruptive technologies may have to the service portfolio and participate in the technology.Design/methodology/approachA literature review is conducted and based on these findings a conceptual framework has been developed.FindingsThe design of a methodology for the development of 3D printing services is used to evaluate the disruption potential of 3D printing and to implement the technology in the service portfolio of a logistics service provider. The disruption potential of 3D printing influences a logistics manager by make to order decisions. In addition, it could be proven the service portfolio was diversified.Research limitations/implicationsLiterature directly dealing with technology-based service development for decision making in logistics management is rare and thus the methodology is built on insights, compiled from the distinct research areas. Further research should be performed on this nascent topic.Practical implicationsLogistics service providers may use the developed methodology to revise their service portfolio by the consideration of disruptive technologies, in order to reduce strategic misdecisions regarding the range of services.Originality/valueThis paper looks specifically at decision making for implementing disruptive technologies to the service portfolio.

New Service Development of Entrepreneurial Innovations in the IT Sector

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Ottenbacher ◽  
Robert J. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Service Development ◽  
New Service Development ◽  
Innovation Projects ◽  
It Innovation ◽  
The Impact

The authors report on a survey of small and medium-sized entrepreneurial information technology (IT) firms to investigate the impact of new service development (NSD) process activities on innovation success and failure. Their findings highlight the importance of managing the process to engage customers, management and employees, facilitating innovation champions to aid in idea generation and commitment, effectively communicating the benefits to customers, and using the tacit nature of the process to create barriers to imitation. In general, the findings point to several key elements that impact on successful entrepreneurial IT innovation projects and appear to result from an iterative, flexible and process-linked approach to NSD innovation.

scholarly journals The prevention of female genital mutilation in England: what can be done?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. e261-e266 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Plugge ◽  
S Adam ◽  
L El Hindi ◽  
J Gitau ◽  
N Shodunke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a global public health issue. Women in the UK are at risk of FGM and its adverse health consequences but little is known about its practice. Since 1985 it has been a criminal offence to perform FGM in the UK and further legislation has tightened the law but FGM continues. Methods Four community researchers from the Kenyan, Nigerian, Somalian and Sudanese communities in Oxford conducted focus groups and interviews with 53 people to understand the communities’ beliefs about how best to prevent FGM. Results Participants believed that the current UK legislation alone was not sufficient to tackle FGM and might in fact be counterproductive by alienating communities through its perceived imposition. They felt that there had been insufficient consultation with affected communities, awareness raising and education about the legislation. Community-led solutions were the most effective way to tackle FGM. Conclusions FGM adversely affects communities globally. In the UK, researchers from affected communities gathered data demonstrating the feasibility and importance of involving communities in FGM prevention work. Further research is needed to understand how best to prevent FGM in affected communities and, very importantly, to examine the impact of the UK legislation relating to FGM.

scholarly journals Engaging men in the health system: observations from service providers

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Monaem ◽  
Micheal Woods ◽  
John Macdonald ◽  
Rodney Hughes ◽  
Michael Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health System ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Engaging Men ◽  
Significant Public Health

Men?s health is a significant public health issue in Australia. Increasingly, health indices show poor health outcomes for them. Literature suggests limitations in the health services dealing with their needs. If we are to improve boys? and men?s health, we should look at the efficacy of these services and address their limitations. This study provides data from a survey about the types of services available for boys and men. The service provider respondents expressed major concerns and identified ways of improving services.

scholarly journals Somewhere to go: Assessing the impact of public restroom interventions on reports of open defecation in San Francisco, California from 2014 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Kathleen Amato ◽  
Douglas Martin ◽  
Christopher Michael Hoover ◽  
Jay Paul Graham
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Open defecation due to a lack of access to sanitation facilities remains a public health issue in the United States. People experiencing homelessness face barriers to accessing sanitation facilities, and are often forced to practice open defecation on streets and sidewalks. Exposed feces may contain harmful pathogens posing a significant threat to public health, especially among unhoused persons living near open defecation sites. The City of San Francisco’s Department of Public Works implemented the Pit Stop Program to provide the unhoused and the general public with improved access to sanitation with the goal of reducing fecal contamination on streets and sidewalks. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of these public restroom interventions on reports of exposed feces in San Francisco, California. Methods We evaluated the impact of various public restroom interventions implemented from January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2020 on reports of exposed feces, captured through a 311 municipal service. Publicly available 311 reports of exposed feces were spatially and temporally matched to 31 Pit Stop restroom interventions in ten San Francisco neighborhoods. We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis to compare pre- versus post-intervention rates of feces reports near the restrooms. Results Feces reports declined by 12.47 reports per week after the installation of 13 Pit Stop restrooms (p-value = 0.0002). The rate of reports per week declined from the six-month pre-intervention period to the post-intervention period (slope change=-0.024 [95% CI=-0.033, -0.014]). Reports also declined after new restroom installations in the Mission and Golden Gate Park, and after the provision of attendants in the Mission, Castro/Upper Market, and Financial District/South Beach. Conclusions Increased access to public toilets and the addition of restroom attendants reduced fecal contamination in San Francisco, especially in neighborhoods with people experiencing homelessness. Programs that improve access to public restrooms should be evaluated at the neighborhood level in order to tailor sanitation interventions to neighborhood-specific needs.

scholarly journals Firearm violence: a neglected “Global Health” issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Werbick ◽  
Imran Bari ◽  
Nino Paichadze ◽  
Adnan A. Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Firearm Violence ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPopulations around the world are facing an increasing burden of firearm violence on mortality and disability. While firearm violence affects every country globally, the burden is significantly higher in many low- and middle-income countries. However, despite overwhelming statistics, there is a lack of research, reporting, and prioritization of firearm violence as a global public health issue, and when attention is given it is focused on high-income countries. This paper discusses the impact of firearm violence, the factors which shape such violence, and how it fits into global public health frameworks in order to illustrate how firearm violence is a global health issue which warrants evidence-based advocacy around the world.

scholarly journals Public Health Impact of Hospital-Acquired Infections on Traumatic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ektha Parchuri ◽  
Roopa Koduri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Blunt traumatic injuries leading cause of death, with TBI and hemorrhage >91% of all deaths, amounting to $37.8 billion per year. Traumatic patients are at high risk for developing infection, where infected patients are more likely to have been ventilated or have had multiple surgical procedures, exposing to ventilatorassociated pneumonia and other infections. Elevated cytokine levels post-infection affect patient mortality, making it a large public health issue. Lack of data centered around gender and ethnicity confounds the impact of this disease. Large Pittsburgh hospitals with capacity >300 report worse infection ratings than US baseline measures. Risk factors for infection including age and duration of hospital stay, directly affecting severity of traumatic injury. Infection should not be viewed as a confounder impacting mortality but rather an outcome arising from trauma.

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