scholarly journals Co-creating nature-based solutions for healthy and sustainable cities: Urban public health approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Skodra ◽  
S Zorita ◽  
I Garcia Perez ◽  
S Moebus
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Experts

Abstract Issue Urban green spaces are necessary for developing healthy and sustainable cities. Benefits of Nature-based solutions (NBS) that increase the amount and quality of urban green go beyond environmental aspects (noise/air pollution mitigation) and have positive impact on mental health, active lifestyles and social cohesion. However, there is a need for the transdisciplinary co-creation processes including multidisciplinary partners and local community to ensure that different population groups use NBS and that health, social and environmental benefits are maximised. The Horizon2020 project CLEVER Cities (2018-2023) focuses on the development of NBS in deprived areas to address health, socio-economic and ecological challenges in a transdisciplinary co-creation approach. Description The three pilot cities, Hamburg, London and Milan, have formed Urban Innovation Partnerships (UIP) based on the stakeholder mapping. Each UIP involves citizens, companies, universities and local authorities to support CLEVER Action Labs (CAL) as alliances of local actors involved in the co-creation and assessment of place-based NBS interventions. The Theory of Change method (impact chain) was used to structure the transdisciplinary process, by initially determining the desired long-term outcomes related to the above-mentioned challenges. Proceeding from the identification of the local conditions, the necessary “outputs” were identified to achieve short-term and intermediate outcomes, which themselves lead to the determined long-term outcomes. Results/lessons Preliminary results show that Theory of Change provides a good structure for transdisciplinary discussions as well as an overview of a complex transformative change, underlying assumptions and unintended negative effects. Involving urban public health experts is essential to determine the relationship between different NBS and health outcomes, to maximize health benefits for all population groups and to reduce potential side effects. Key messages Inclusion of local community in the collaborative co-creation process is essential to ensure that NBS is adapted to their needs and that the desired health and wellbeing outcomes are achieved. The involvement of urban public health experts in the Theory of Change is essential to raise the awareness about the relationship between NBS interventions, their use and multiple health outcomes.

Bridging the Divide: Does Social Capital Moderate the Impact of Polarization on Health?

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110345
Author(s):  
Costas Panagopoulos ◽  
Timothy Fraser ◽  
Daniel P. Aldrich ◽  
Daniel Kim ◽  
David Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Experts

Rising partisan polarization in the American public over the last decade has been linked to stress and anxiety, raising questions about how communities and public health experts should respond. As the strength of an individual’s social network correlates with better health outcomes, could building a diverse set of connections moderate the effect of political polarization on an individual’s health? This study examines the role of social capital as a key intervening variable in the relationship between polarization and health. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of 2,752 U.S. residents conducted in December 2019 compared with county-level data, we use negative binomial, logit, and gamma models to examine the interaction between indicators of political polarization and bonding, bridging, and linking social capital on physical and mental health outcomes. We find consistent evidence that bonding social ties intervene to improve the physical and mental health of individuals in polarized communities, while bridging ties are related to worse health for politically isolated residents. By highlighting the relationship between polarization, social networks, and health, our findings shed light on how public health experts, and policymakers can improve health outcomes in polarized communities.

scholarly journals Did people really drink bleach to prevent COVID-19? A tale of problematic respondents and a guide for measuring rare events in survey data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leib Litman ◽  
Zohn Rosen ◽  
Cheskie Rosenzweig ◽  
Sarah L. Weinberger-Litman ◽  
Aaron J. Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSociety is becoming increasingly dependent on survey research. However, surveys can be impacted by participants who are non-attentive, respond randomly to survey questions, and misrepresent who they are and their true attitudes. The impact that such respondents can have on public health research has rarely been systematically examined. In this study we examine whether Americans began to engage in dangerous cleaning practices to avoid Covid-19 infection. Prior findings reported by the CDC have suggested that people began to engage in highly dangerous cleaning practices during the Covid-19 pandemic, including ingesting household cleansers such as bleach. In a series of studies totaling close to 1400 respondents, we show that 80-90% of reports of household cleanser ingestion are made by problematic respondents. These respondents report impossible claims such as ‘recently having had a fatal heart attack’ and ‘eating concrete for its iron content’ at a similar rate to ingesting household cleaners. Additionally, respondents’ frequent misreading or misinterpreting the intent of questions accounted for the rest of such claims. Once inattentive, mischievous, and careless respondents are taken out of the analytic sample we find no evidence that people ingest cleansers to prevent Covid-19 infection. The relationship between dangerous cleaning practices and health outcomes also becomes non-significant once problematic respondents are taken out of the analytic sample. These results show that reported ingestion of household cleaners and other similar dangerous practices are an artifact of problematic respondent bias. The implications of these findings for public health and medical survey research, as well as best practices for avoiding problematic respondents in surveys are discussed.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Improvement in Insomnia Severity and Long-Term Outcomes in the Treatment of Chronic Fatigue

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Vethe ◽  
Håvard Kallestad ◽  
Henrik B. Jacobsen ◽  
Nils Inge Landrø ◽  
Petter C. Borchgrevink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insomnia Severity

scholarly journals Effect of Hispanic Status in Mechanical Thrombectomy Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke: Insights From STAR

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Burks ◽  
Stephanie H. Chen ◽  
Evan M. Luther ◽  
Eyad Almallouhi ◽  
Sami Al Kasab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Procedure Time ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Purpose: Epidemiological studies have shown racial and ethnic minorities to have higher stroke risk and worse outcomes than non-Hispanic Whites. In this cohort study, we analyzed the STAR (Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry) database, a multi-institutional database of patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for acute large vessel occlusion stroke to determine the relationship between mechanical thrombectomy outcomes and race. Methods: Patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy between January 2017 and May 2020 were analyzed. Data included baseline characteristics, vascular risk factors, complications, and long-term outcomes. Functional outcomes were assessed with respect to Hispanic status delineated as non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), or Hispanic patients. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify variables associated with unfavorable outcome or modified Rankin Scale ≥3 at 90 days. Results: Records of 2115 patients from the registry were analyzed. Median age of Hispanic patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy was 60 years (72–84), compared with 63 years (54–74) for NHB, and 71 years (60–80) for NHW patients ( P <0.001). Hispanic patients had a higher incidence of diabetes (41%; P <0.001) and hypertension (82%; P <0.001) compared with NHW and NHB patients. Median procedure time was shorter in Hispanics (36 minutes) compared to NHB (39 minutes) and NHW (44 minutes) patients ( P <0.001). In multivariate analysis, Hispanic patients were less likely to have favorable outcome (odds ratio, 0.502 [95% CI, 0.263–0.959]), controlling for other significant predictors (age, admission National Institutes Health Stroke Scale, onset to groin time, number of attempts, procedure time). Conclusions: Hispanic patients are less likely to have favorable outcome at 90 days following mechanical thrombectomy compared to NHW or NHB patients. Further prospective studies are required to validate our findings.

Sleep and pain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole K. Y. Tang ◽  
Esther F. Afolalu ◽  
Fatanah Ramlee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Pain and sleeplessness are two of the commonest reasons for primary care appointments. The prevalence of each problem alone is high, and to add to the complexity, pain and insomnia frequently co-occur, with pain interrupting sleep and pain being further aggravated following a poor night’s sleep. Sleep and pain management are increasingly recognized as important to public health. In particular, insomnia and chronic pain are long-term conditions that actively contribute to morbidity, disability, economic burden to society, and suffering to the individual and immediate family. This chapter examines the interrelationship between the two at the population level. Specifically, evidence from population-based studies regarding the co-occurrence and temporal link of pain and sleep is reviewed, with moderators and mediators of the relationship highlighted. Possible directions for future research and treatment development are also outlined.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Hand Therapy and Long-Term Outcomes after Distal Radius Fracture in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 230e-237e ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Chung ◽  
Sunitha Malay ◽  
Melissa J. Shauver ◽  
Kevin C. Chung ◽  
H. Myra Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Distal Radius Fracture ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Radius Fracture ◽  
Hand Therapy ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Implications of rapidity of response to initial therapy in multiple myeloma.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8606-8606
Author(s):  
Krishna Bilas Ghimire ◽  
Vincent Rajkumar ◽  
Angela Dispenzieri ◽  
Martha Lacy ◽  
Morie Gertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
High Risk Disease ◽  
M Spike ◽  
The Relationship

8606 Background: The rapidity of response to initial therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) depends on a variety of factors. There is limited data on its implications on long term outcomes in patients (pts) with newly diagnosed MM. Methods: We retrospectively examined the outcomes in a cohort of 454 pts with newly diagnosed MM between Jan 2000- Dec 2011 undergoing induction therapy. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 66 yrs (29-92). Pts had measurable serum M-spike (>= 1 g/dL), dFLC (>=10 mg/dl) or 24 hour urinary M protein excretion (UrM; >=200 mg) in 70, 63 and 39% respectively. We first examined the relationship between the response to first cycle of therapy and overall survival (OS). We divided pts into quartiles based on their % reduction in the serum M spike, dFLC or UrM. The median OS (Table) was poorest for pts with the least reduction of serum M protein (P<0.001) and of dFLC. The cutoffs for Q1 was 25, 40and 40% decrease for serum M spike, dFLC and 24 hr UrM respectively. Among various baseline characteristics only higher age was predictive of a poor (Q1) response. Given the trend toward worse OS among the Q 4 group (maximum decrease in serum M spike), we examined the relationship to cytogenetic risk. Among 232 pts with FISH data available, proportion of pts with high-risk disease was 27, 12, 22 and 31% respectively in quartiles 1 - 4). In a multivariate analysis, quartile 1 and 4 of serum M-protein response and the high-risk FISH were independent risk factors associated inferior OS. Conclusions: Both shallow and very deep response to therapy in cycle 1 is a strong indicator of eventual disease outcome and should be considered as marker of high-risk disease, likely through different mechanisms. For the shallow responders, prospective trials should assess if a change in therapeutic management will alter the outcome of these pts. The rapid deep responders also appear represent a different high-risk biology, emphasizing the fact that pts with high-risk disease often have excellent initial responses, but poor long term outcomes. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Speech Is Silver, Nonverbal Behavior Is Gold: How Implicit Partner Evaluations Affect Dyadic Interactions in Close Relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1731-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruddy Faure ◽  
Francesca Righetti ◽  
Magdalena Seibel ◽  
Wilhelm Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Multimethod Research ◽  
Relational Processes ◽  
Gut Feelings ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

Growing evidence suggests that the seeds of relationship decay can be detected via implicit partner evaluations even when explicit evaluations fail to do so. However, little is known about the concrete daily relational processes that explain why these gut feelings are such important determinants of relationships’ long-term outcomes. The present integrative multimethod research yielded a novel finding: that participants with more positive implicit partner evaluations exhibited more constructive nonverbal (but not verbal) behavior toward their partner in a videotaped dyadic interaction. In turn, this behavior was associated with greater satisfaction with the conversation and with the relationship in the following 8-day diary portion of the study. These findings represent a significant step forward in understanding the crucial role of automatic processes in romantic relationships. Together, they provide novel evidence that relationship success appears to be highly dependent on how people spontaneously behave in their relationship, which may be ultimately rooted in their implicit partner evaluations.

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