scholarly journals Prospective cohort study of workers diagnosed with COVID-19 and subsequent unemployment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohisa Nagata ◽  
Masako Nagata ◽  
Ayako Hino ◽  
Seiichiro Tateishi ◽  
Akira Ogami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Model

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of workers being diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and being identified as close contacts of infected persons with unemployment in Japan. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study using questionnaires about COVID-19 administered to Japanese workers. A baseline survey conducted on December 22-25, 2020, was used to determine history of being diagnosed with COVID-19 or being identified as a close contact of an infected person. Unemployment since the baseline survey was ascertained with a follow-up survey on February 18 and 19, 2021. The odds ratios of unemployment were estimated using a multilevel logistic model with adjusted covariates nested in prefecture of residence. Results: Women (n=8,771) accounted for 44% of the total sample (n=19,941), and the mean age was 48.0 years. In terms of unemployment because of negative reasons, the multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratio of unemployment associated with being diagnosed with COVID-19 was 2.18 (95% CI: 1.05-4.55) and that the odds ratio associated with being identified as a close contact was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.29-2.95). Conclusions: There is an association between workers being diagnosed with COVID-19 and unemployment. Occupational health professionals should follow up closely with workers diagnosed with COVID-19 after they return to work to prevent them from becoming unemployed against their will.

scholarly journals Clinical features and outcomes of discharged coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a prospective cohort study

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Wang ◽  
H Xu ◽  
H Jiang ◽  
L Wang ◽  
C Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Discharged Patients ◽  
Suspected Recurrence

Summary Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic but the follow-up data of discharged patients was barely described. Aim To investigate clinical outcomes, distribution of quarantine locations and the infection status of the contacts of COVID-19 patients after discharge. Design A prospective cohort study. Methods Demographics, baseline characteristics of 131 COVID-19 patients discharged from 3 February 2020 to 21 February 2020 in Wuhan, China were collected and analyzed by reviewing the medical records retrospectively. Post-hospitalization data related to clinical outcomes, quarantine locations and close contact history were obtained by following up the patients every week up to 4 weeks. Results Fifty-three (40.05%) patients on discharge had cough (29.01%), fatigue (7.63%), expectoration (6.11%), chest tightness (6.11%), dyspnea (3.82%), chest pain (3.05%) and palpitation (1.53%). These symptoms constantly declined in 4 weeks post-discharge. Transient fever recurred in 11 (8.4%) patients. Among the discharged patients, 78 (59.5%) underwent chest CT and 2 (1.53%) showed deterioration. A total of 94 (71.8%) patients received SARS-CoV-2 retest and 8 (6.10%) reported positive. Seven (2.29%) patients were readmitted because of fever or positive SARS-CoV-2 retest. After discharge, 121 (92.37%) and 4 (3.05%) patients were self-quarantined at home or community spots, respectively, after a close contact with 167 persons in total who were free of COVID-19 at the endpoint of study. Conclusion The majority of COVID-19 patients after discharge were in the course of recovery. Readmission was required in rare cases due to suspected recurrence of COVID-19. Although no contacted infection observed, appropriate self-quarantine and regular re-examination are necessary, particularly for those who have recurred symptoms.

scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases and use of medication among Syrian refugees: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Strømme ◽  
J Haj-Younes ◽  
W Hasha ◽  
L T Fadnes ◽  
B Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Conflict-driven disruption in continuity of care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is likely to have adverse public health impact. Yet, data on the prevalence and treatment coverage of NCDs among refugees is scarce. In this study we aim to assess the changes in prevalence of NCDs and use of relevant medication among Syrian refugees from a near-conflict phase in Lebanon to a resettlement phase in Norway. Methods This is a prospective cohort study. Survey data were collected during 2017-2018 among adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon selected for quota resettlement and at follow-up approximately one year after resettlement in Norway. Our primary outcomes were changes in NCDs as defined by the WHO and use of relevant medication. We calculated prevalence proportions with confidence intervals and assessed changes in prevalence over time using generalized estimating equations. Results Altogether 353 Syrians participated. The median age was 34 years and 51 percent were women. The overall prevalence of NCDs was 12 (9-16) percent at baseline and 9 (6-12) percent at follow-up. The odds ratio for reporting any NCD at follow-up compared to baseline was 0.68 (0.46, 1.00). Among those reporting NCDs, the prevalence of using either antithrombotic or cholesterol lowering medication, antihypertensives, antidiabetics, or drugs for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 55 (39-70) percent at baseline and 63 (44-80) percent at follow-up. The odds ratio for using relevant medication at follow-up compared to baseline was 1.01 (0.63, 2.05). Conclusions In our study around one tenth of the refugees reported at least one NCD. Nearly half of those reporting NCDs in a conflict-near setting did not seem to receive relevant medication, while the same was true for more than one third of respondents after resettlement. We call for innovative public health approaches and interventions to protect continuity of care for NCDs in settings of conflict-driven exodus. Key messages A high share of Syrian refugees reporting NCDs do not seem to receive relevant medication. The management of NCDs among refugees needs attention in order to avoid negative health effects.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in resolution of enuresis in children with sleep-disordered breathing: a hospital based prospective cohort study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Zephania S. Abraham ◽  
Aveline A. Kahinga ◽  
Kassim B. Mapondella ◽  
Enica R. Massawe ◽  
Emmanuel Ole Lengine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disordered Breathing

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adenotonsillar hypertrophy remains to be the commonest causes of sleep disordered breathing in paediatric patients and has been implicated as a cause of primary and secondary enuresis. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in resolution of enuresis in children with sleep-disordered breathing.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted at Ekenywa Specialised Hospital in Dar es Salaam, from May 2018 to February 2019. Two hundred children aged 3 to 15 years with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy who were admitted ready to undergo adenotonsillectomy were evaluated. Upon such evaluation, the primary outcome was the number of bedwetting incidents (nocturnal enuresis) post-operatively compared with pre-operative incidents. Patients were kept under follow-up for 3 months. Data were collected using structured questionnaires regarding number of bedwetting incidents, type of enuresis (primary or secondary) and family history of enuresis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and p-values &lt;0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of 200 children admitted for adenotonsillectomy, 80 (40%) had a positive history of preoperative enuresis, including 35 (43.8%) girls and 45 (56.2%) boys.  All parents for the children consented to participate in the study. Three months after adenotonsillectomy, enuresis had resolved completely in 50 (62.5%) children and had shown relative improvement in 25 (31.3%) children. Enuresis had not improved in the remaining 5 (6.3%) children (p&lt;0.05).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Findings from this study indicates that adenotonsillectomy can improve nocturnal enuresis and day-time incontinence in the majority of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Strategies to maximise study retention and limit attrition bias in a prospective cohort study of men reporting a history of injecting drug use released from prison: The Prison and Transition Health study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Cara Stewart ◽  
Reece Cossar ◽  
Shelley Walker ◽  
Anna Lee Wilkinson ◽  
Brendan Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Attrition Bias ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Abstract Background There are significant challenges associated with studies of people released from custodial settings, including loss to follow-up in the community. Interpretation of findings with consideration of differences between those followed up and those not followed up is critical in the development of evidence-informed policies and practices. We describe attrition bias in the Prison and Transition Health (PATH) prospective cohort study, and strategies employed to minimise attrition.Methods PATH involves 400 men with a history of injecting drug use recruited from three prisons in Victoria, Australia. Four interviews were conducted: one pre-release (‘baseline’) and three interviews at approximately 3, 12, and 24 months post-release (‘follow-up’). We assessed differences in baseline characteristics between those retained and not retained in the study, using two-sample tests of proportions and t-tests.Results Most participants (85%) completed at least one follow-up interview and 162 (42%) completed all three follow-up interviews. Retained participants were younger than those lost to follow-up (mean diff − 3.1 years, 95% CI -5.3, -0.9). There were no other statistically significant differences observed in baseline characteristics.Conclusion The high proportion of participants retained in the PATH cohort study via comprehensive follow-up procedures, coupled with extensive record linkage to a range of administrative datasets, is a considerable strength of the study. Our findings highlight how strategic and comprehensive follow-up procedures, frequent contact with participants and secondary contacts, and established working relationships with the relevant government departments can improve study retention and potentially minimise attrition bias.

scholarly journals Prospective cohort study showing persistent HSV-2 shedding in women with genital herpes 2 years after acquisition

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 568-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Ramchandani ◽  
Stacy Selke ◽  
Amalia Magaret ◽  
Gail Barnum ◽  
Meei-Li Wu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesHerpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a prevalent infection with great variability in clinical and virological manifestations among individuals. This prospective cohort study aims to evaluate the natural history of HSV-2 reactivation in the genital area in the same group of women over time.MethodsEighteen immunocompetent HSV-2 seropositive women were evaluated for viral shedding for 70 consecutive days within a median of 8 months (range 1–24 months) of HSV-2 acquisition and again approximately 2.5 years later from the original study. Participants obtained daily swabs of genital secretions for HSV PCR and recorded genital symptoms.ResultsThe viral shedding rate was 29% during the initial study and 19% in the follow-up study (32% reduction, P=0.019). Subclinical shedding rate also decreased from 24% to 13% (37% reduction, P=0.032), as did the rate of days with genital lesions from 22% to 15% (33% reduction, P=0.24). The mean copy number during viral shedding remained unchanged over time at 4.8 log10 c/mL (SD=2.0 and 1.6 during each study, respectively, P=0.33). Women with high viral shedding rates in the past were likely to continue to have high shedding rates (r=0.63, P=0.005).ConclusionsDespite some reduction, high viral shedding rates persist in women with genital HSV-2 greater than 2 years after acquisition.

scholarly journals Pelvic pain and early IUD discontinuation: a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Sharon R. Gerber ◽  
Noah Natell ◽  
Nora Doty ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
Jessica R. Overbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background: The aim of the study is to assess if pelvic pain is a risk factor for intrauterine device (IUD) discontinuation within one year of placement.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of women who had IUDs inserted at a family planning office for the primary intent of contraception. Baseline pelvic pain characteristics were assessed using a validated pelvic pain questionnaire.  Women were contacted at 1 year to assess IUD continuation.Results: From February 1, 2014 to August 11, 2015 authors enrolled a sample of 179 women.  Of the 179 enrolled,163 participants completed the questionnaire, 98 reported a history of baseline pelvic pain and 65 reported no history of baseline pelvic pain. 20 participants were lost to follow-up. 86 women in the pelvic pain and 57 in the no pelvic pain group were included in the final analysis. Discontinuation rates at one year follow up were 25.6% (22) and 35.1% (20) respectively. There was no significant difference in those with and without pelvic pain discontinuing IUDs at one year (p = 0.22).Conclusions: Baseline generalized pelvic pain may not be a risk factor for IUD discontinuation within one year of placement.

Prospective Cohort Study of the Incidence, Risk Factors and Long-Term Sequelae of Symptomatic Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Adults with Cancer.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2200-2200
Author(s):  
Agnes Y. Lee ◽  
Carolyn Webb ◽  
Qing Guo ◽  
Lorrie Costantini ◽  
Greg Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Catheter Related Thrombosis

Abstract Long-term indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) are used for delivering chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, antibiotics, and blood products, as well as for facilitating blood drawing, in many patients with malignancy. Although the important supportive role of CVCs is unquestioned, there is uncertainty regarding the prevention and treatment of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) because there is a lack of prospective and contemporary data on the natural history of this complication. As a first step towards improving CRT management, we conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the incidence, clinical risk factors, and the long-term sequelae of symptomatic CRT in adults with cancer. Consecutive patients undergoing insertion of a CVC at a tertiary care center were enrolled and followed for the duration of their catheter-dwell time plus 4 weeks or a maximum of 52 weeks, whichever comes first. Scheduled assessments were done at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 52 weeks after insertion. Patients with symptomatic CRT were treated with anticoagulants and were followed for an additional 52 weeks from the date of CRT diagnosis. Baseline information and follow-up data regarding catheter patency, thromboprophylaxis, clinical symptoms, and thrombotic events was collected. Standardized regional guidelines for catheter care were followed and symptomatic CRT was diagnosed based on objective testing and satisfaction of prespecified criteria. Between March 2002 and July 2003, 444 patients underwent 500 catheter insertions. The mean patient age was 56 y (range 18–91 y) and 55% of patients were female. Catheters inserted included PICCs (65%), ports (18%), pheresis (11%), and Hickman catheters (6%). As of July 22, 2004, 442 patients had completed follow-up. The total catheter-dwell time was 59,959 d (median 88 d), while the total follow-up was 73,654 pt-d (median 151 d). Colorectal was the most common tumor type in 18% of patients and 41% of all patients at enrolment had metastatic solid tumor. Overall, there were 19 episodes of symptomatic CRT, representing an incidence of 4.3% (95% CI 2.6–6.6%) of patients or 0.3 CRTs per 1000 catheter-dwell days (95% CI 0.2–0.5 per 1000 d). The mean time to CRT was 53 d (range 6–162 d). Development of CRT was not associated with age, ECOG performance status, cancer treatment, catheter type, side of insertion, thromboprophylaxis, infection, or previous history of thrombosis. The only significant risk factor was ovarian cancer (P=0.02). In patients with symptomatic CRT, 89% (17/19) of CRTs were treated with anticoagulant therapy alone, 5.3% (1/19) had the catheter removed, and 5.3% (1/19) were treated with both; none had symptomatic pulmonary embolism or post-thrombotic syndrome during follow-up. In summary, the incidence of symptomatic CRT in adults with cancer is low and treatment with anticoagulant therapy alone was not associated with any serious long-term sequelae. Due to the small number of CRTs observed, larger studies are required to further evaluate risk factors and identify the optimal therapeutic approach for CRTs.

scholarly journals High prevalence of infection and low incidence of disease in child contacts of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Huerga ◽  
Elisabeth Sanchez-Padilla ◽  
Nara Melikyan ◽  
Hakob Atshemyan ◽  
Armen Hayrapetyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveWe aimed to measure the prevalence and incidence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and tuberculosis (TB) disease in children in close contact with patients with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) in a country with high DR-TB prevalence.Design and settingThis is a prospective cohort study of paediatric contacts of adult patients with pulmonary DR-TB in Armenia. Children were screened using tuberculin skin test, interferon-gamma release assay and chest X-ray at the initial consultation, and were reassessed every 3–6 months for a period of 24 months. Children did not receive preventive treatment.Main outcome measuresPrevalence and incidence of LTBI and TB disease; factors associated with prevalent LTBI.ResultsAt initial evaluation, 3 of the 150 children included were diagnosed with TB disease (2.0%). The prevalence of LTBI was 58.7%. The incidence of LTBI was 19.9 per 100 children per year, and was especially high during the first 6 months of follow-up (33.3 per 100 children per year). No additional cases with incident disease were diagnosed during follow-up. After adjustment, prevalent LTBI was significantly associated with the child’s age, sleeping in the same house, higher household density, the index case’s age, positive smear result and presence of lung cavities.ConclusionsChildren in close contact with patients with DR-TB or in contact with very contagious patients had an increased risk of prevalent LTBI. Although none of the children developed TB disease during a 2-year follow-up period, screening for symptoms of TB disease, based on the prevalence of disease at recruitment, together with follow-up and repeated testing of non-infected contacts, is highly recommended in paediatric contacts of patients with DR-TB.

scholarly journals Strategies to maximise study retention and limit attrition bias in a prospective cohort study of men reporting a history of injecting drug use released from prison: the prison and transition health study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Cara Stewart ◽  
Reece Cossar ◽  
Shelley Walker ◽  
Anna Lee Wilkinson ◽  
Brendan Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Attrition Bias ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Abstract Background There are significant challenges associated with studies of people released from custodial settings, including loss to follow-up in the community. Interpretation of findings with consideration of differences between those followed up and those not followed up is critical in the development of evidence-informed policies and practices. We describe attrition bias in the Prison and Transition Health (PATH) prospective cohort study, and strategies employed to minimise attrition. Methods PATH involves 400 men with a history of injecting drug use recruited from three prisons in Victoria, Australia. Four interviews were conducted: one pre-release (‘baseline’) and three interviews at approximately 3, 12, and 24 months post-release (‘follow-up’). We assessed differences in baseline characteristics between those retained and not retained in the study, reporting mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).  Results Most participants (85%) completed at least one follow-up interview and 162 (42%) completed all three follow-up interviews. Retained participants were younger than those lost to follow-up (mean diff − 3.1 years, 95% CI -5.3, − 0.9). There were no other statistically significant differences observed in baseline characteristics. Conclusion The high proportion of participants retained in the PATH cohort study via comprehensive follow-up procedures, coupled with extensive record linkage to a range of administrative datasets, is a considerable strength of the study. Our findings highlight how strategic and comprehensive follow-up procedures, frequent contact with participants and secondary contacts, and established working relationships with the relevant government departments can improve study retention and potentially minimise attrition bias.

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