Occupational exposure to pesticides and hematological neoplasms in southern Brazil

Abstract Background Rural workers are highly exposed to pesticides, suggesting vulnerability to the development of hematological neoplasms. Thus, the relationship between the variables of the occupational profile of farmers exposed to pesticides with the presence of this disease was analyzed. Methods Retrospective, quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected from farmers diagnosed with hematological neoplasms being treated at an oncology center. A questionnaire with occupational variables and exposure to pesticides was used. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-square test were used, considering p < 0.05. The Research Ethics Committee of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul, under opinion 3.017.507, approved the study. Results Of the 72 farmers, there is a period of more than 30 years of exposure to pesticides (62.3%) and an early start in agricultural activities (95.8%). Failure to use Personal Protective Equipment (71.1%) and the use of 3 different types of pesticides (66.6%). Regarding cultivation, a greater proportion of tobacco producers (72.2%) and a smaller number of yerba mate producers (13.9%). A positive association between tobacco cultivation and the presence of the disease was identified (p = 0.040).The use of types of pesticides was compared and a significant difference was observed regarding the initial age in agriculture (p = 0.027), the daily workday (p = 0.035) and the cultivation of tobacco (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions It is suggested a relationship between tobacco cultivation and the existence of the disease, since there was a statistical association between them. It is also suggested that the lower the age and the longer the workday, the greater the consumption of different types of pesticides. Key messages Actions to promote health are necessary, which may include educational actions, with the objective of stimulating changes in the lifestyle and work of the rural population. Rural workers are highly exposed to pesticides, suggesting vulnerability to the development of hematological neoplasms.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of Antibiotic Self-Medication

Thrita ◽

10.5812/thrita.105794 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Mousavi ◽

Parisa Shojaei ◽

Azadeh Nazemi ◽

Atefe Dadashi

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Side Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Self Medication ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives: This research has been conducted to study antibiotic self-medication, prevalence, and reasons. Methods: A questionnaire containing 30 comprehensive questions in terms of the experience of antibiotic self-medication was prepared. In this cross-sectional study, data were analyzed using analytical statistics bases on chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that 61.3% of the participants were self-antibiotic users. There was a significant difference only between gender and self-medication such that self-medication in males was more than females (P value = 0.027). Conclusions: Self-medication of antibiotics is almost high and requires more information about the side effects of these drugs in order to promote rational and physically prescribed use.

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Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 2016-2026

Author(s):

Tamara R. Almeida ◽

Clayton H. Rocha ◽

Camila M. Rabelo ◽

Raquel F. Gomes ◽

Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sound Pressure ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Real ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sound Pressure Levels ◽

Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

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Determination Of Factors Affecting Father-Baby Attachment

Gevher Nesibe Journal, IESDR ◽

10.46648/gnj.245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (14) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Emine Serap ÇAĞAN ◽

Birsen KARACA SAYDAM ◽

Sinem GÜLÜMSER ATEŞ ◽

Rabia EKTİ GENÇ ◽

Esin ÇEBER TURFAN

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Infant Attachment ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Attachment Figure ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Package Program ◽

The Difference

Introduction: The primary attachment figure is mostly defined as the mother, and studies focus on the mother. However, in many babies, basic attachment is just as good with the father as with the mother. It is seen that there are very few studies in the literature investigating the correlations of father-infant attachment relationships.. The aim of this study is to determine the father-infant attachment status and to determine the factors affecting attachment. Method: The population of the cross-sectional study consisted of the spouses of all puerperant women hospitalized in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between September 1, 2018 and October 1, 2018. The sample size consisted of 156 fathers who agreed to participate in the study. Father identification form and father-infant attachment scale were used to collect the study data. The analysis of the data obtained from the research was carried out on the computer using the SPSS 16.0 package program. Results: 156 fathers participated in the study. The mean age of the fathers is 33.64±6.49, and 38.5% of them have a bachelor's degree. 91.0% of fathers stated that they felt ready for fatherhood. The fathers' Father-Infant Attachment Scale mean score was 82.60±7.72 In the analysis, the difference between the variables and the total score of the scale was found to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: At the end of the study, the bonding process of fathers participating in the study with their babies and the factors affecting this process were evaluated and it was seen that the father-infant attachment scale mean scores of the fathers participating in the study were high and were similar to other studies. In addition, when the basic factors affecting father-infant attachment were compared with the attachment scale mean score, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference.

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Attitude towards online classes among school and college going students during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 3446

Author(s):

Saurav Kumar ◽

Shiv Prakash ◽

Mona Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Online Classes ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Academic Level ◽

College Going ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of the school and college-going students towards online classes. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 school and college-going students fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria selected through purposive sampling methods. A semi-structured online questionnaire consisting of a socio-demographic questionnaire and Attitude towards online classes (ATOC) questionnaire was prepared by the researcher using Google form. The link of the questionnaire was sent to all the selected respondents through WhatsApp messages and emails. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20 software. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha test. The association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi-square tests. The comparison between variables was assessed using the students independent t-test.Results: More than half of the respondents (51.32%) were found with a positive attitude towards online classes. There was a significant association found between attitude towards online classes and socio-demographic variables such as age (p<0.05), academic level (p<0.05), and family income (p<0.01). The respondents who attended online classes (p<0.05), have technical knowledge (p<0.01), and got supported by their parents in the study (p<0.05) were found significantly high positive attitudes towards online classes. There was a significant difference found in the attitude of the respondents who faced psychological disturbances such as a decline in attention-concentration (p<0.05), irritation-anger (p<0.01), and tension (p<0.05) due to online classes.Conclusions: Although, online classes are more beneficial for the students and teachers in their academic activities during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic but it can’t take place of traditional face-to-face classes.

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Is there an association between skeletal asymmetry and tooth absence?

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.21.4.073-079.oar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Guilherme Thiesen ◽

Bruno Frazão Gribel ◽

Keila Cristina Rausch Pereira ◽

Maria Perpetua Mota Freitas

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Midsagittal Plane ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Posterior Teeth ◽

Significance Level ◽

Posterior Tooth ◽

Mandibular Asymmetry ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skeletal Asymmetry

ABSTRACT Introduction: Facial skeletal asymmetry is commonly found in humans and its main characteristic is menton deviation. The literature suggests that occlusal and masticatory problems arising from tooth absence could be related to the development of such asymmetries. Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of mandibular skeletal asymmetries and to investigate its association with posterior tooth absences. Methods: Tomographic images of 952 individuals aged from 18 to 75 years old were used. Asymmetry was the analyzed outcome, and it was categorized into three groups according to gnathion displacement in relation to the midsagittal plane (relative symmetry, moderate asymmetry, and severe asymmetry). Patients were sorted by the presence of all posterior teeth, unilateral posterior tooth absence, or bilateral posterior tooth absence. Chi-square test with a significance level of 5% was used to verify the association between posterior tooth absence and asymmetry. Results: Results show relative symmetry present in 55.3% of the sample, as well as the prevalence of 27.3% for moderate mandibular asymmetry and 17.4% for severe asymmetry. Moderate and severe mandibular asymmetries occurred in a higher proportion in patients with unilateral posterior tooth absence. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the analyzed groups (p = 0.691). Conclusions: In this study, mandibular asymmetries did not present any association with the absence of teeth on the posterior area of the arch.

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Denver Developmental Screening Test in two-year old infants delivered by vacuum extraction

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi41.1.2001.27-32 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Meriah Sembiring ◽

Iskandar Iskandar ◽

Amir Syarifuddin ◽

Bistok Saing

Keyword(s):

Physical Examination ◽

Screening Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Developmental Screening ◽

Vacuum Extraction ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Developmental Retardation ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to determine the developmental retardation of infants of two years of age who were delivered by vacuum extraction. This cross-sectional study examined 44 infants delivered by vacuum extraction, comprising 25 males and 19 females who were born in Tembakau Deli and St. Elizabeth Hospitals, between August 1993 until February 1994. The examination included interview and physical examination in the patient's house. Chi-square statistics analysis was used with a significant level of 95% (1'=0.05). The results showed Ihat of the 44 infants delivered by vacuum extraction. 28 (32%) had had were found with mild asphyxia, while 2 infants (5%). whose mothers work as private clerk and entrepreneur, had development retardation. We concluded that there was no significant difference in development between infants delivered by vacuum extraction and those who were born spontaneously. Developmental retardation was found in infants whose mothers lack time to communicate.

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The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1177/1465312519839713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142

Author(s):

Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽

Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽

Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽

Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽

Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Educational Background ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Maxillary Central Incisor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

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Oral Hygiene Practice And Perceived Oral Malodour Among Dental And Medical Undergraduate Students Of Bahria University Medical And Dental College

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/jbumdc2018057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (04) ◽

pp. 221-225

Author(s):

Beenish Fatima Alam ◽

Hira Raza ◽

Shizma junejo ◽

Marium Azfar ◽

Tuba Saleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Undergraduate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Medical Undergraduate Students

Objective: To determine the differences of self-perception of halitosis and oral hygiene practices among the medical and dental undergraduate students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted over duration of 9 months amongst the medical and dental undergraduate students of Bahria University Medical and Dental College. The questionnaires were distributed to 298 students. Questionnaire employed for this study was adopted and modified from the study conducted by Khalid Almas et al. Descriptive statistics were checked by means of percentages and frequency for all variables. Chi-square test was applied to check significant difference among the responses given by the medical and dental undergraduate students. Results: The response rate for the survey was about 85%. 55% of dental and 17 % of medical students were able to smell their breath. About having examination by dentist about 73% of medical students agreed as compared to 53% of dental students. Both medical and dental students preferred having examination done by the dentist. For management of halitosis, dentist was preferred by 62% of the dental students, while 97% of the medical students did not agree. 62% of the dental students preferred using traditional medications, while 82% of the medical students preferred using self-medications for treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is not a high level of agreement among dental and medical students concerning the detection and management of halitosis. Although large percent of the respondents claimed to be aware of dentistry, our findings revealed low level of knowledge and attitude to Dentistry by the medical undergraduate students. Efforts should be made towards closing this knowledge gap to attain effective oral health.

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Assessment of role of mandibular third molar in lower anterior crowding among orthodontic patients of Kathmandu Nepal

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v10i3.35486 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Bashu Dev Pant ◽

Anjana Rajbhandari ◽

Resina Pradhan ◽

Manju Bajracharya ◽

Surendra Maharjan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Third Molar ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Third Molars ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anterior Crowding ◽

Mandibular Third Molar ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Orthodontic Patients

Introduction: Crowding in mandibular arch increases with increasing age and etiology of crowding is multifactorial in nature. Role of mandibular third molar in lower anterior crowding remains a topic of controvery over a period of century. The objective of this study was to assess whether there is any correlation between presence of mandibular third molar position and lower anterior crowding. Materials and Method: On the basis of third molar position one hundred and six sample of pretreatment orthodontic patients aged between 17 to 38 years were divided into erupted, erupting and agenesis group. The study was conducted in Peoples Dental College and Hospital from January 2020 to March 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review committee. This cross-sectional study was done on dental casts and orthopantomogram; brass wire was used for measuring arch length and digital vernier caliper for measuring tooth material with modified segmental arch analysis method. Result: Among 106 samples collected 55 (51.88%) were female and 51(48.11%) were male and the mean age was 21.53 ± 3.91 years, Chi square and ANOVA test was used for Statistical analysis. This study showed no statistically significant differences between third molar position and lower anterior crowding on right (P= 0.68) and left side (P = 0.45). The study also showed that association between the third molar position and lower anterior crowding is more on left side compared to right side. Conclusion: Mandibular third molars have not statistically significant difference in lower anterior crowding so, extraction of third molars for relieving the anterior crowding is not justifiable

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Study of magnitude and socio-demographic factors associated with anaemia among children of a school for mentally challenged in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182663 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 3141

Author(s):

Pritish K. Raut ◽

Shubhada S. Avachat ◽

Sachin Gupta ◽

Rutuja D. Pundkar

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Care Providers ◽

Feeding Problems ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Nutrition ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Anaemia is one of the important silent morbidity in childhood that affects the development of a child. Disabled children are more vulnerable for nutritional problems like under-nutrition or anaemia due to inadequate nutrient intake either due to feeding problems or poor feeding knowledge among care providers. However there are very few studies regarding nutritional problems of intellectually disabled. The aims of the study were to assess the nutritional status and magnitude of anaemia among mentally challenged children and to study the socio-demographic variables associated with anaemia among them.Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted in a Day School for mentally challenged in Ahmednagar. All 45 children (Day scholars) were enrolled in the study. Data collection was done using a predesigned proforma for detail history. Anthropometric measurements and Body mass index were used for assessment of nutritional status. Haemoglobin estimation was done by using Sahali's Haemoglobinometer. The details of socioeconomic status and intelligence quotient (I.Q.) were taken from the official records of the school. Percentages, proportions and Chi square test were used for Statistical Analysis.Results: The mean age was 12.5 years, mean IQ was 37.8. More than half of the children were undernourished (64% had BMI<18.5). Mean Haemoglobin was 10.3 and 33 (73%) children were suffering from mild to moderate anaemia. Significant association was observed between degree of mental retardation and anaemia.Conclusions: Majority of mentally challenged children in our study were suffering from under nutrition and anaemia.

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