scholarly journals Using Ultraviolet C (UVC) in Operating Rooms: A Hygiene Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s63-s63
Author(s):  
Roberta Bosco ◽  
Gabriele Messina ◽  
Davide Amodeo ◽  
Gabriele Cevenini ◽  
Simona Gambelli
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
The Difference

Background: Disinfection procedures are an essential aspect of preventing cross contamination, especially in situations where the risk of infection is higher, such as in operating rooms (ORs). Disinfection procedures in ORs at the end of each surgery session are not the same as final cleaning procedures. We assessed the difference in microbial contamination between different levels of disinfection, before T(0) and after T(1) the use of an ultraviolet C device (UVC-D). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2019 and August 2020 in a private clinic. Three sanitation levels (SL1–SL3) were compared for the reduction in colony-forming units (CFU) between T(0) and T(1): (1) no disinfection after surgery (SL1);, (2) after in-between cleaning (SL2), and (3) after terminal cleaning (SL3). UVC-D was used for 6 minutes, 3 minutes per bed side. Overall, 260 Petri dishes were used in 3 ORs, incubated at 36°C, and CFU were counted after 48 hours. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon test, and MANOVA for repeated measures were performed to verify the 95% statistical difference between T(0) and T(1), both on the whole sample and combined with the different SLs. Results: The unstratified analysis showed statistically significant differences (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05) between T(0) and T(1), with means and standard deviations of 11.42 ± SD 41.19 CFU/PD and 5.91 ± SD 30.89, respectively. The Manova test for repeated measures, applied to 54 pairs of measurements, showed no significant difference between SLs in T(0)-T(1) CFU reduction. Overall, the mean percent reduction in CFU was 93.48% (CI95% = 86.97-99.99%). Conclusions: The results showed significant improvements in disinfection under any condition tested with UVC-D. Using the device immediately after surgery (SL1), before standard cleaning procedures, reduced CFUs by 97.3%. In some situations, UVC light was sufficient to reduce CFU to zero, even without chemical and mechanical cleaning. However, we do not recommend this approach; UVC light disinfection should be applied only after sanitization procedures because it does not remove dirt.Funding: UltraViolet Device, IncDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Impact of Outsourcing Medical Equipment Department on Costs and Profits: A Case Study of a University Hospital in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamalodin Tabibi ◽  
Alireza Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Medical equipment plays a key role in diagnosis, treatment, and medical education. Outsourcing is delegating a part or all activities of an organization to a party (e.g., individuals or organizations) outside the organization, which has an important role in the organization’s productivity. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of outsourcing the department of medical equipment of a university hospital in Tehran, Iran, by emphasizing costs, profits, and performance. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. This study investigated the documents and financial records of the Financial Office to calculate costs and revenues. Additionally, a researcher-developed questionnaire was used to evaluate the effect of outsourcing on employees’ performance and financial performance. A total of 36 subjects were randomly selected, following the sampling formula (the response rate: 72%). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to test for a normal distribution. As the data were not normally distributed, the Wilcoxon test was used. Furthermore, the t-test and analysis of variance were used to study the difference in the effect of outsourcing and age, gender, and educational level. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19). Results: According to the findings, there was a significant difference before and after outsourcing in the costs and revenues of the Medical Equipment Department. Concerning the effect of outsourcing on the performance, the “human resources” factor obtained the highest mean (3.37), which indicated the poor perspective of the staff in this aspect. Moreover, the lowest score was related to the “cost-effectiveness” (2.96), which was an average score. There were weak scores concerning the dimensions of management (3.28) and quality of services (3.36). Conclusions: Considering the importance of staff in the hospital, it is necessary to pay serious attention to the impact of different types of reforms intended to increase the revenues and reduce the costs of hospitals on the staff of the organization by emphasizing managerial and human resources dimensions, which not only will increase the efficiency of the organization and satisfaction of the staff but also translated into better quality.

scholarly journals Six ultraviolet minutes for cleaner operating theatres

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bosco ◽  
S Gambelli ◽  
V Urbano ◽  
G Cevenini ◽  
G Messina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Operating Theatres ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Final Cleaning

Abstract Background Sanitizing the operating theatres (OT) is important to minimize risk of post-operative infections. Disinfection procedures between one operation and another is less aggressive than final cleaning procedures, at the end of the day. Aim was assessing the difference of contamination: i) between different levels of disinfection; ii) before and after the use of a UVC Device (UVC-D). Methods Between December 2019/February 2020 a cross sectional study was conducted in OT in a real clinical context. 94 Petri dishes (PD) were used in 3 OT. Three different sanitation levels (SL1-3) were compared pre- and post-use of UVC-D: i) No cleaning after surgery (SL1); ii) after in-between cleaning (SL2); iii) after terminal cleaning (SL3). UVC-D was employed for 6 minutes, 3 minutes per bed side. PD were incubated at 36 °C and colony forming unit (CFU) counted at 48h. Descriptive statistic, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to assess the contamination levels in total, pre/post use of UVC-D, and between different sanitation levels, respectively. Results In total we had a mean of 3.39 CFU/PD (C.I. 2.05 - 4.74) and a median of 1 CFU/PD (Min. 0 - Max. 39), after UVC-D use we had a mean of 2.20 CFU/PD (C.I. 0.69 - 5.09) and a median of 0 CFU/PD (Min. 0 - Max. 133). The UVC-D led to a significant reduction of CFU (p &lt; 0.001). Without UVC-D we had a significant CFU drop (p &lt; 0.05) between SL1 and SL3. Using UVC-D, we observed significant reductions of contamination (p &lt; 0.05) between SL3 and SL1. Comparing SL1 (median 0) post UVC-D use vs SL2 pre UVC-D use (median 0.5), and SL2 post UVC-D use (median 0) vs SL3 pre UVC-D use (median 1) we had a significant reduction of contamination (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions UVC-D improved environmental contamination in any of the three sanitation levels. Furthermore, the use of UVC-D alone was better than in-between and terminal cleaning. Although these encouraging results, the cleaning procedures executed by dedicated staff has to be considered. Key messages UVC are efficient to decrease contamination in operating theatres regardless of sanitation levels. The additional use of UVC technology to standard cleaning procedures significantly improves sanitation levels.

Determination Of Factors Affecting Father-Baby Attachment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emine Serap ÇAĞAN ◽  
Birsen KARACA SAYDAM ◽  
Sinem GÜLÜMSER ATEŞ ◽  
Rabia EKTİ GENÇ ◽  
Esin ÇEBER TURFAN
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Attachment Figure ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Package Program ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: The primary attachment figure is mostly defined as the mother, and studies focus on the mother. However, in many babies, basic attachment is just as good with the father as with the mother. It is seen that there are very few studies in the literature investigating the correlations of father-infant attachment relationships.. The aim of this study is to determine the father-infant attachment status and to determine the factors affecting attachment. Method: The population of the cross-sectional study consisted of the spouses of all puerperant women hospitalized in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between September 1, 2018 and October 1, 2018. The sample size consisted of 156 fathers who agreed to participate in the study. Father identification form and father-infant attachment scale were used to collect the study data. The analysis of the data obtained from the research was carried out on the computer using the SPSS 16.0 package program. Results: 156 fathers participated in the study. The mean age of the fathers is 33.64±6.49, and 38.5% of them have a bachelor's degree. 91.0% of fathers stated that they felt ready for fatherhood. The fathers' Father-Infant Attachment Scale mean score was 82.60±7.72 In the analysis, the difference between the variables and the total score of the scale was found to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: At the end of the study, the bonding process of fathers participating in the study with their babies and the factors affecting this process were evaluated and it was seen that the father-infant attachment scale mean scores of the fathers participating in the study were high and were similar to other studies. In addition, when the basic factors affecting father-infant attachment were compared with the attachment scale mean score, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference.

scholarly journals Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome among Booked and Unbooked Patients at tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Shanti Sunuwar Subedi ◽  
Rakina Bhansakarya ◽  
Sajjan Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in booked and unbooked cases. Objectives: To assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in unbooked and booked patients. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from Augustti2019 to January 2020. Using a convenient sampling technique, 204 samples were taken and cross-sectional study was done. Results: There were total 204 cases in this study;102were booked and 102 were unbooked. In this study, 85(83%) of booked cases were educated up to secondary level as compared toti65 (64%) of unbooked cases. There was no significant difference in Apgar score in 1 and 5 minute between booked and unbooked cases. More babies in the unbooked group were transferred to NICU as compared to the booked group and the difference was significant (9.8%vs 1.9%). Greater proportion of booked cases had spontaneous vaginal delivery (81.3% vs 59.8%) and complications like preterm delivery, anemia, preeclampsia/ eclampsia, complicated labor and puerperal sepsis was also less in the booked group. Conclusions: The study showed that unbooked mothers and their newborns had higher chance of having complications.

scholarly journals Analgesic Effect of Apotel Versus Pethidine After Hemilaminectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Emamhadi ◽  
◽  
Hamid Behzadnia ◽  
Seifollah Jafari ◽  
Mohammadreza Zamanidoust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
The Difference

Background: Postoperative pain is a common phenomenon, and its management affects considerably on the recovery process, and patients’ satisfaction. Apotel and pethidine are two conventional medicines used to relieve pain after operation. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effect of intravenous injection of Apotel and intramuscular injection of pethidine in relieving pain after hemilaminectomy. Materials & Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 150 patients who underwent hemilaminectomy were recruited between May 2015 and November 2015. They were taking either Apotel (n=75) or pethidine (n=75) after the operation, which was done at Poursina Hospital affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht City, Iran. The patients’ pain levels were measured using visual analog scale (VAS), and the results were compared between the 2 groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the total VAS score between the Apotel and pethidine groups (P=0.189). However, there was a significant reduction in VAS score hours 2 (P=0.03) and 4 (P=0.004) hours after the injection of Apotel in this group, compared with those scores in the pethidine group. Also, VAS scores at other times (8, 12, 20, 28 hours after the injection) were lower than those in the pethidine group, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Apotel was better pain-killer in the early hours after the first injection compared to pethidine. But its effect was similar to pethidine at the late hours after the first injection. Therefore it seems that Apotel is better painkiller after laminectomy, especially in the early hours after the operation.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KADAR NITRIC OXIDE PADA PEROKOK DAN BUKAN PEROKOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Maria Estela Karolina ◽  
Armaidi Darmawan ◽  
Wahyu Indah Dewi Aurora
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microplate Reader ◽  
Nonsmoker Group

Abstract Background: Cigarette smoke can affect macrophage metabolism by activating macrophages to release leukotrien B4, IL-8 and TNFα which lead to increased production of superoxide (O2-) and H2O2 and also cause oxidative damage to macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, DNA that can eliminate antioxidants and form free radicals such as Nitric Oxide (NO). NO has an important contribution in the occurrence of infection where NO will be produced more by iNOS. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study with a sample of samples taken in total sampling from medical students of Jambi University as many as 22 people with smokers and 22 non-smokers. Conducted NO examination by using microplate reader on wave 595. Research data obtained then tested by statistical analysis with mann whitney and wilcoxon test. Results : NO levels in smokers were higher than nonsmoker group NO levels. Based on normality test data with Mann Whitney obtained significant difference between both groups value of sig 0.030. Furthermore, Wilcoxon analysis. The result of wilcoxon analysis shows statistic test output where sig (<0,05). Conclusion : NO levels in the smoker group were higher than in the nonsmokers group. NO levels between smokers and nonsmokers were significantly different. Keywords : Smokers, non-smokers, nitric oxide   Abstrak Pendahuluan : Asap rokok dapat mempengaruhi metabolisme makrofag dengan mengaktifkan makrofag untuk melepaskan leukotrien B4, IL-8 dan TNFα yang menyebabkan meningkatnya produksi superoksida (O2-) dan H2O2 dan juga menyebabkan kerusakan oksidatif makromolekul seperti lipid, protein, DNA yang dapat   menghilangkan  antioksidan  serta  membentuk radikal  bebas seperti Nitrit  Oxide  (NO).  NO mempunyai kontribusi yang penting dalam terjadinya infeksi dimana NO akan diproduksi lebih banyak oleh iNOS. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan sampel penelitian yang diambil secara total sampling dari mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Jambi sebanyak 22 orang dengan perokok dan 22 orang bukan perokok. Dilakukan pemeriksaan NO dengan menggunakan microplate reader pada gelombang 595. Data penelitian yang di dapatkan kemudian di uji dengan analisis statistic dengan uji mann whitney dan wilcoxon. Hasil : Kadar NO pada perokok lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kadar NO kelompok bukan perokok. Berdasarkan uji normalitas data dengan Mann whitney diperoleh perbedaan yang bermakna diantara kedua kelompok nilai sig 0.030. Selanjutnya dilakukan Analisis Wilcoxon. Hasil analisis wilcoxon menunjukkan output test statistic dimana sig (<0,05). Kesimpulan  :  Kadar  NO  pada  kelompok  perokok  lebih  tinggi  dibandingkan  dengan  kelompok  bukan perokok. Kadar NO antara kelompok perokok dan bukan perokok terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Kata Kunci : Perokok, bukan perokok, Nitric Oxide

scholarly journals Malondialdehyde Levels in Preeclampsia before and after Delivery

1970 ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Harold Rumopa ◽  
Freddy W. Wagey ◽  
Eddy Suparman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

  Objective: Determine differences plasma levels MDA in preeclampsiabefore and 2 hours after delivery.   Methods: This was an analytic cross-sectional study. Subjectconsists of 23 pregnancies with preeclampsia, where 23 bloodsamples taken before delivery and 23 were taken 2 hours afterdelivery. This study was conducted from August 2016 untilDecember 2016 at Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine Universitas Sam Ratulangi / Prof. Dr. R. D.Kandou Hospital Manado and satellite hospital. Samples weretaken from plasma and analysed using HPLC method at Prodiaclinical laboratory.   Results: In patients with severe preeclampsia before deliverywe found average value (1.4796  0.40819 nmol/ml), minimumvalue (1.03 nmol/ml) and maximal value (2.77 nmol/ml)and 2 hours after delivery with average value (1.2470 0.34324 nmol/ml), minimum value (0.91 nmol/ml), and maximumvalue (2.47 nmol/ml). by using Wilcoxon test, we foundthere were significant differences in plasma levels of MDA (p =0.000).   Conclusion: This significant difference suggests that decreasedplasma levels of MDA 2 hours after delivery and gives the sense thatthere is a relationship between oxidative stress of cells with severepreeclampsia before and shortly after delivery, that MDA is an indicatorof oxidative stress.   Keywords: malondialdehyde, oxidative stress, peroxidation lipid,preeclampsia

scholarly journals DIASTASIS RECTI AMONG PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM WOMEN IN KANO, NIGERIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Fatima Bichi ◽  
Dr. Shumaila Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Diastasis Recti (DR) is a common muscular condition often present during and after pregnancy. This cross-sectional correlational study investigated the prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women. A total of 250 pregnant and postpartum women were recruited using convenience sampling technique from obstetrics and gynaecology department, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Age, body mass, height, BMI, parity, trimester, duration of DR postpartum, location of DR and DR status was recorded for each participant. Presence of DR was confirmed using the finger width method. Descriptive statistics of mean, SD, percentage were used to describe the data and determine the prevalence. Inferential statistics of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation were used to analyse the relationship between prevalence of DR and age, parity and duration of DR postpartum. Chi square was computed to determine the difference in prevalence of DR across trimesters. The result of this study indicated high prevalence of DR in post-partum and pregnant women (84% and 64.7% respectively); the most common location of DR was at the umbilicus in both pregnant and postpartum women. Prevalence of DR was high among the multigravida; and a significant relationship was found between prevalence of DR and age and parity of participants. There was a significant difference in prevalence of DR across the trimesters. It can be concluded that prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women is high; age and parity are determinants of DR prevalence. Evaluation of DR should be considered as routine assessment in both pregnant and postpartum women.

scholarly journals Effect of dengue hemorrhagic fever on thrombomodulin level

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Hendra Widjaja ◽  
Max F. J. Mantik
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difference Test

Background Thrombocyte and endothelial cells play animportant role in dengue hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis.Thrombomodulin is a part of glycoprotein membrane inendothelial cells. Therefore, thrombomodulin level willincrease if endothelial cells disruption occurs.Objective To acknowledge the correlation between thedegree of dengue hemorrhagic fever and thrombomodulinlevel.Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Subjects werehospitalized pediatric patients with age ranging from oneto 13 year old in pediatric ward at Pro£ Dr. R.D. KandouHospital, Manado, who had fever. Three milliliters of bloodwere taken from vein, and were divided for two tests whichwere routine blood analysis and thrombomodulin analysis.Different data resulted from the dengue hemorrhagic fevergroup were processed, and analyzed statistically using F Testand LSD (least significant difference) test. The relationbetween dengue hemorrhagic fever and thrombomodulinwas analyzed with Spearman correlation coefficient.Results There was a significant result in the difference ofthrombomodulin level on four dengue hemorrhagic fevergroups which were classified according to the severity ofdengue hemorrhagic fever. There was a very significantpositive correlation between the severity of denguehemorrhagic fever and thrombomodulin level in detectingendothelial cells impairment.Conclusion Thrombomodulin level can be used as amarker to detect endothelial cells impairment in denguehemorrhagic fever. Higher grade of dengue hemorrhagicfever will have higher thrombomodulin level.

scholarly journals Correlation of VIT D3 and serum ferritin levels in anemic patients in a hospital based study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2376-2382
Author(s):  
Hamzullah Khan ◽  
Mohammad Basharat
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Groups

Objectives: To determine the correlation of Vit D3 levels with serum ferritin in patients with anemia. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera. Period: 5th Jan 2019 to 31st Dec 2020. Material & Methods: Data entered in SPSS 25th version. Descriptive statistics was used for numerical variables. Pearson correlation was used for correlation of Vit D3 with gender. Normality of data was checked by Shapiro wilk test. Mann Whitney U test was used to show the difference of Vit D3 and ferritin levels in gender. Results: The total of 192 anemic patients with Hb<10g/dl as per definition of WHO1 were referred for ferritin level estimation with 142(74%) females and 50(26%) males. Out of total, 47 were also advised with Vit D3 level estimation with 29(61.7%) females and 18(38.3%) males. Mean with standard deviation for age was 30+9.6 years. Mean with standard Error of mean of Vit D3 was (Mean-15.5ng/ml, SE 2.19). Mean with standard Error of mean of serum ferritin was (Mean-48.2ng/ml, SE 5.90). We observed 35(74.5%) cases out of 47, as Vit D3 deficient with a count less than 20 ng/ml. We observed that 118 (61.5%) were iron deficient with serum ferritin less than 15ng/ml. Person correlation showed a statistically significant correlation of Vit D3 with ferritin (p= 0.022, r=0.7). Spearman ranked correlation showed a statistically significant correlation between the categories of Vit D3 and ferritin (p=0.022, r=0.7). Mann Whitney U Test showed no significant difference in gender groups for botht the variables (p= 0.86 &p=0.33 respectively) thus retain the null hypotheses. Conclusion: The frequency of deficiency Vit D3<20ng/ml in anemic patients was 74% while that of ferritin<15ng/ml in anemic patients was 61.5%. There is a strong statistically significant correlation of Vit D3 with serum ferritin in anemic patients with Hb<11g/dl.

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