scholarly journals Own migration experience is not a risk factor for incident cardiovascular disease – a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Krist ◽  
C Dornquast ◽  
T Reinhold ◽  
S Solak ◽  
M Durak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Migration Experience ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Ischaemic Attack ◽  
First Generation Migrants

Abstract Background Studies have shown differences regarding prevalence and incidence of chronic diseases among first (own migration experience) compared to second (born in host country) generation migrants. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among persons of Turkish descent with and without migration experience living in Berlin, Germany. Methods In 2012-2013, Berliners with a Turkish migration background were recruited, examined, and contacted again 5 years later via postal mail. Incidence of diagnosed CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, intermittent claudicatio or transient ischaemic attack) was assessed via self-report. Incidence of any CVD is presented as number and percentages. Associations between the incidence of any CVD and having an own migration experience were investigated with uni- and multivariable regression analyses. Results are presented as odds ratios with a 95%-confidence interval (OR, 95%-CI). Results Data of 234 persons of Turkish descent (62.8% women) with a mean age±standard deviation of 44±12.4 years were included in the analyses. Out of these, 79.9% were first generation migrants. First compared to second generation participants differed regarding CVD incidence (any CVD 16.6% vs. 4.3%, respectively; p = 0.03), socio-demographic, and lifestyle factors. After adjusting for these factors, multivariable analysis showed that only BMI (OR 1.12 per BMI point, 95%CI [1.02;1.24], and having a diagnosis of dyslipidemia (OR 4.0, 95%CI [1.45;12.05]), were independently associated with CVD incidence. Conclusions In a cohort study with Berliners of Turkish descent, CVD incidence was associated with increasing BMI and dyslipidemia, but not with own migration experience. Future migration-related public health research needs to focus on the prevention of harmful health behaviours to avoid the progression of overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia. Key messages CVD incidence is higher in persons with migration experience compared to those without. Migration experience is not associated with CVD incidence after adjusting for confounders (e.g. age, BMI).

scholarly journals Physical Activity Trajectories among Persons of Turkish Descent Living in Germany—A Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6349
Author(s):  
Lilian Krist ◽  
Christina Dornquast ◽  
Thomas Reinhold ◽  
Heiko Becher ◽  
Katja Icke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Using Data

Physical activity (PA) behavior is increasingly described as trajectories taking changes over a longer period into account. Little is known, however, about predictors of those trajectories among migrant populations. Therefore, the aim of the present cohort study was to describe changes of PA over six years and to explore migration-related and other predictors for different PA trajectories in adults of Turkish descent living in Berlin. At baseline (2011/2012) and after six years, sociodemographics, health behavior, and medical information were assessed. Four PA trajectories were defined using data of weekly PA from baseline and follow-up: “inactive”, “decreasing”, “increasing”, and “stable active”. Multivariable regression analyses were performed in order to determine predictors for the “stable active” trajectory, and results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In this analysis, 197 people (60.9% women, mean age ± standard deviation 49.9 ± 12.8 years) were included. A total of 77.7% were first-generation migrants, and 50.5% had Turkish citizenship. The four PA trajectories differed regarding citizenship, preferred questionnaire language, and marital status. “Stable active” trajectory membership was predicted by educational level (high vs. low: aOR 4.20, 95%CI [1.10; 16.00]), citizenship (German or dual vs. Turkish only: 3.60 [1.20; 10.86]), preferred questionnaire language (German vs. Turkish: 3.35 [1.05; 10.66]), and BMI (overweight vs. normal weight: 0.28 [0.08; 0.99]). In our study, migration-related factors only partially predicted trajectory membership, however, persons with citizenship of their country of origin and/or with poor language skills should be particularly considered when planning PA prevention programs.

scholarly journals Association between mortality and age among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: a Japanese nationwide COVID-19 database study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chie Tanaka ◽  
Takashi Tagami ◽  
Fumihiko Nakayama ◽  
Saori Kudo ◽  
Akiko Takehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Multivariable Regression

Abstract Background Only a few studies have reported the association between age and mortality in COVID-19 patients who require invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to evaluate the effect of age on COVID-19-related mortality among patients undergoing IMV therapy. Methods This cohort study was conducted using the COVID-19 Registry Japan database, a nationwide multi-centre study of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Of all 33,808 cases registered between 1 January 2020 to 28 February 2021, we analysed 1555 patients who had undergone IMV. We evaluated mortality rates between age groups using multivariable regression analysis after adjusting for known potential components, such as within-hospital clustering, comorbidities, steroid use, medication for COVID-19, and vital signs on admission, using generalized estimation equation. Results By age group, the mortality rates in the IMV group were 8.6%, 20.7%, 34.9%, 49.7% and 83.3% for patients in their 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s, and 90s, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that compared with those for patients aged < 60 years, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of death were 2.6 (1.6–4.1), 6.9 (4.2–11.3), 13.2 (7.2–24.1), 92.6 (16.7–515.0) for patients in their 60s, 70s, 80s, and 90s, respectively. Conclusions In this cohort study, age had a great effect on mortality in COVID-19 patients undergoing IMV, after adjusting for variables independently associated with mortality. This study suggested that age was associated with higher mortality and that preventing progression to severe COVID-19 in elderly patients may be a great public health issue.

U.S. Puerto Rican Literature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Puerto Rican Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Migration Experience ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Three Phases

This chapter discusses U.S. Puerto Rican literature, which can be divided into three phases, preceded by a kind of “pre-phase.” The pre-phase, extending from the last century, consists of exiles from the independence struggle against Spain. These include major intellectuals who mainly wrote about their Caribbean struggles and reflected critically on the New York experience of arriving Puerto Rican nationals. The first phase, extending from 1917 to 1945, is mainly of autobiographical and journalistic works expressing the efforts of first-generation migrants to adjust to U.S. life. The period of migration from 1945 to 1965 constitutes the second phase, when radical exile writers mainly wrote a literature of exile with hardly any bilingualisms and only limited reference to the migration experience. Lastly, the third phase “effectively draws together the firsthand testimonial of the ‘pioneer’ stage and the fictional, imaginative approach of the writers of the 1950s or 1960s.”

Profiles of Linguistic Multicompetence in Vietnamese–English Speakers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Cen Wang ◽  
Sarah Verdon ◽  
Sharynne McLeod ◽  
Van H. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
First Generation Migrants

Purpose Speech-language pathologists work with increasing numbers of multilingual speakers; however, even when the same languages are spoken, multilingual speakers are not homogeneous. Linguistic multicompetence (aka multi-competence) considers competency across all languages and is associated with multiple demographic, migration, linguistic, and cultural factors. Method This article examines the linguistic multicompetence of adults with Vietnamese heritage living in Australia ( n = 271) and factors associated with varying profiles of multilingualism. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire (available in English and Vietnamese) regarding their language proficiency and associated factors. Results Participants were largely (76.6%) first-generation migrants to Australia. Three distinct profiles of linguistic multicompetence were statistically identified using a cluster analysis: (a) Vietnamese proficient ( n = 81, 31%), (b) similar proficiency ( n = 135, 52%), and (c) English proficient ( n = 43, 17%); that is, half were proficient in both languages. Multinomial logistic regression analyses compared participants profiled as having similar proficiency with those who were more dominant in one language. Factors associated with the Vietnamese proficient group (compared with the similar proficiency group) were that the participants used Vietnamese much more than English with different people across different situations, were more likely to believe that maintaining Vietnamese helped them communicate in English, and earned less. Participants in the English proficient group used English more than Vietnamese with different people across different situations, were more likely to have lived in English-speaking countries longer, were younger in age, and were less likely to believe that maintaining Vietnamese helped improve academic study than those with similar proficiency. Conclusion Undertaking a comprehensive language profile is an important component of any multilingual assessment to enable speech-language pathologists to develop an understanding of different presentations of linguistic multicompetence, engage in culturally responsive practice, and acknowledge that high levels of competence can be achieved across multiple languages. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14781984

Ethnicity Versus Migration: Two Hypotheses about the Psychosocial Adjustment of Immigrant Adolescents

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vered Slonim-Nevo ◽  
Yana Sharaga ◽  
Julia Mirsky ◽  
Vadim Petrovsky ◽  
Marina Borodenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Immigrant Adolescents ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Migration Experience ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants

Study background and aims: This study investigates the psychosocial adjustment of immigrant adolescents and examines two hypotheses: the ethnicity hypothesis, which suggests that ethnic background determines the psychosocial reactions of immigrant adolescents; and the migration hypothesis, which suggests that the migration experience determines such reactions. Methods: The study compared four groups of respondents: first-generation immigrants ( N = 63) and second-generation immigrants ( N = 64) from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel; and Jewish ( N = 212) and non-Jewis ( N = 184) adolescents in the FSU. A self-report questionnaire administered to the respondents collected demographic, educational and psychological data using standardised scales. Results: Immigrant adolescents reported higher psychological distress, lower self-esteem and higher alchohol consumption than non-immigrant adolescents. Second-generation immigrants generally showed a higher level of functioning than first-generation immigrants. These findings favor the migration hypothesis. Conclusions: Our findings support the widely accepted view of migration as a potentially distress-provoking experience. They suggest that psychological reactions of immigrant adolescents, and in fact all immigrants, are best interpreted as reactive and are related to the universal stressful qualities of the migration experience. Further multiethnic comparative studies, however, are needed to confirm and refine these findings.

scholarly journals P075 IS INTER-RECTI DISTANCE (IRD) A RELIABLE PROXY FOR EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH DIASTASIS RECTI ABDOMINIS (DRA)?

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liv Bixo ◽  
Gabriel Sandblom ◽  
Otto Stackelberg ◽  
Anders Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Disability Rating ◽  
Diastasis Recti Abdominis

Abstract Aim Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) following pregnancy is associated with functional impairment such as back pain, abdominal core instability, urinary incontinence, and abdominal bulging. Several studies have reported functional improvements after surgical repair of the DRA. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the inter-recti distance (IRD) and self-reported functional disabilities measured with the Disability Rating Index questionnaire (DRI), with the hypothesis that inter-recti distance could serve as a proxy for core instability symptoms. Material and Methods A retrospective study based on a consecutive cohort of patients with core instability symptoms combined with DRA. The IRD was measured with ultrasonography among women with symptomatic post-partum DRA and functional impairments were registered with the self-report DRI questionnaire that covers twelve unspecific daily activities. IRD results were analysed against the DRI score with uni- and multivariable regression analyses. Results A total of 222 women were included in this study. Univariable regression analyses showed a significant positive correlation between the heavier activities running, heavy work, lifting heavy objects and exercise/sports and IRD, which failed to reach significance in the multivariable regression analysis with adjustments for length, weight, and BMI. Conclusions This study could not show any significant correlation between self-reported functional impairments and DRA isolated in the multivariable analysis, even though there is a tendency towards an association between DRA and heavy activities. The post-partum core instability situation is complex and probably origins from more components than solely the inter-recti distance.

Do remittances differ depending on migration pathway and length of stay?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Anita Pugliese ◽  
Julie Ray ◽  
Neli Esipova
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Second Generation Migrants

This paper reports the results from Gallup’s global analysis of the likelihood of first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and the native-born to send financial help in the form of money or goods to others inside or outside their respective country of residence. The findings in this paper are based on more than 450,000 interviews conducted through Gallup’s World Poll in 157 countries in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The sample includes more than 26,000 first-generation migrants and more than 20,000 second-generation migrants. The large sample enables Gallup to analyze first-generation migrants by the duration of their stay in their adopted country and compare their remittance behaviors with second-generation migrants and the native-born.

Test Anxiety in Potential First-Generation Students: A Longitudinal Examination of the Role of Psychological Needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Natalie Spadafora ◽  
Emily L. Murphy ◽  
Danielle S. Molnar ◽  
Dawn Zinga
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
First Generation Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Secondary

It is estimated that 15-22% of students have high levels of test anxiety (von der Embse, Jester, Roy, & Post, 2018), which can be associated with greater academic stress and poorer educational performance (e.g., Steinmayr, Crede, McElvany, & Withwein, 2016). First-generation students (where neither parent has completed post-secondary education) are a critical group to study given that they are at higher risk for poorer educational attainment and being unsuccessful at the post-secondary level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the link between basic psychological needs and test anxiety in a sample of first-generation Ontario high school students across two points in time (N = 147;  Mage = 14.82, SD = 1.28). Self-report data was collected as a part of an on-going longitudinal study focusing on students attending a high school with specialized programming to enhance the transition to post-secondary institutions. Results from cross-lagged path analyses indicated that being older, female, and having higher levels of needs frustration significantly predicted higher levels of test anxiety over time within this sample. Our results highlight important educational implications, emphasizing the importance of fostering classroom environments where students perceive their psychological needs to be met, particularly within this unique population of students.

scholarly journals Acute Dental Periapical Abscess and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2927
Author(s):  
Amaar Obaid Hassan ◽  
Gregory Y. H. Lip ◽  
Arnaud Bisson ◽  
Julien Herbert ◽  
Alexandre Bodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
National Database ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Periapical Abscess ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Onset Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
New Onset

There are limited data on the relationship of acute dental infections with hospitalisation and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to assess the relationship between acute periapical abscess and incident AF. This was a retrospective cohort study from a French national database of patients hospitalized in 2013 (3.4 million patients) with at least five years of follow up. In total, 3,056,291 adults (55.1% female) required hospital admission in French hospitals in 2013 while not having a history of AF. Of 4693 patients classified as having dental periapical abscess, 435 (9.27%) developed AF, compared to 326,241 (10.69%) without dental periapical abscess that developed AF over a mean follow-up of 4.8 ± 1.7 years. Multivariable analysis indicated that dental periapical abscess acted as an independent predictor for new onset AF (p < 0.01). The CHA2DS2VASc score in patients with acute dental periapical abscess had moderate predictive value for development of AF, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.73 (95% CI, 0.71–0.76). An increased risk of new onset AF was identified for individuals hospitalized with dental periapical abscess. Careful follow up of patients with severe, acute dental periapical infections is needed for incident AF, as well as investigations of possible mechanisms linking these conditions.

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