scholarly journals COVID-19 and their outcomes: how personality, place, and sex of people play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Brito-Costa ◽  
Peter K Jonason ◽  
Michele Tosi ◽  
Rui Antunes ◽  
Sofia Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Facebook Advertising

Abstract Background There is considerable variation in people’s attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic. One way to understand why people differ in their attitudes is to examine how personality traits predict the degree to which people hold different attitudes. Methods We collected data (N = 1420) from Portugal and Spain using Facebook advertising. We measured the Dark Triad and Big Five traits, and negative affect, along with ad hoc items for religiousness, and attitudes towards and fear of COVID. Results Neuroticism and Negative affect was linked to various domains of insecurity or fear and provides insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Religious people were less trusting in science, thought prayer was answer, and attributed the existence of the virus to an act of God. Women reported more fear of COVID-19 than men did, and this was enabled by women’s greater tendency to have Negative Affect and higher Neuroticism than men. Conclusions Neurotic people and those with more Negative Affect appear to be more fearful, more trusting in others and systems likely to protect them (e.g., scientists), and less likely to trust in systems shown to not help them (e.g., prayer). We found other effects for the Dark Triad traits and the Big Five traits. In total, we highlight some of the reasons that people may be in such disagreements about what to do about the virus at the individual and institutional levels. Personality, place, and participant’s sex all appear to play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs.

scholarly journals All the Dark Triad and Some of the Big Five Traits are Visible in the Face

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Alper ◽  
Fatih Bayrak ◽  
Onurcan Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Adaptive Trait ◽  
Aggregate Analysis ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Face ◽  
Source Of Information

Some of the recent studies suggested that people can make accurate inferences about the level of the Big Five and the Dark Triad personality traits in strangers by only looking at their faces. However, later findings provided only partial support and the evidence is mixed regarding which traits can be accurately inferred from faces. In the current research, to provide further evidence on whether the Big Five and the Dark Triad traits are visible in the face, we report three studies, two of which were preregistered, conducted on both WEIRD (the US American) and non-WEIRD (Turkish) samples (N = 880). The participants in both US American and Turkish samples were successful in predicting all Dark Triad personality traits by looking at a stranger’s face. However, there were mixed results regarding the Big Five traits. An aggregate analysis of the combined dataset demonstrated that extraversion (only female), agreeableness, and conscientiousness were accurately inferred by the participants in addition to the Dark Triad traits. Overall, the results suggest that inferring personality from faces without any concrete source of information would be an evolutionarily adaptive trait.

The Relationship Between Personality and Schadenfreude in Hypothetical Versus Live Situations

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keegan D. Greenier
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Just World ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
The Relationship

This study sought to investigate how individual differences are related to schadenfreude (pleasure derived from another’s misfortune) by replicating past findings and extending them to additional personality traits. Because most past research on schadenfreude has relied heavily on the use of reactions to hypothetical scenarios, an attempt was made to demonstrate external validity by also including a reaction to a live event (confederate misfortune). For the scenarios, schadenfreude was positively correlated with the Dark Triad and just world beliefs; negatively correlated with empathy and agreeableness; and uncorrelated with dispositional envy, self-esteem, or the remaining Big Five traits. For the live event, no personality traits were correlated with schadenfreude, suggesting responses to hypothetical situations may not be representative of real-life schadenfreude events.

The Interdependence of Personality and Satisfaction in Couples

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Weidmann ◽  
Thomas Ledermann ◽  
Alexander Grob
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Personality Similarity ◽  
Interpersonal Effects

Abstract. Personality has been found to play an important role in predicting satisfaction in couples. This review presents dyadic research on the association between Big Five traits and both life and relationship satisfaction in couples focusing on self-reported personality, partner-perceived personality (how the partner rates one’s own personality), and personality similarity. Furthermore, special attention is given to possible gender effects. The findings indicate the importance of self-reported as well as partner-perceived reported personality for the satisfaction of both partners. Specifically, the majority of studies found intrapersonal and interpersonal effects for neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness on life or relationship satisfaction. For the partner-perceived personality, intrapersonal and interpersonal effects were present for all Big Five traits. Partners’ similarity in personality traits seems not to be related with their satisfaction when controlling for partners’ personality.

scholarly journals All the Dark Triad and some of the Big Five traits are visible in the face

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 110350
Author(s):  
Sinan Alper ◽  
Fatih Bayrak ◽  
Onurcan Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals Clarifying the two facets of Self-Oriented Perfectionism: influences on affect and the Big Five traits of personality in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-289
Author(s):  
María Vicent ◽  
Cándido J. Inglés ◽  
Ricardo Sanmartín ◽  
Carolina Gonzálvez ◽  
María del Pilar Aparicio-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Student’S T Test

This study analyses the relationship between the perfectionism dimensions, i.e. Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical (SOP-C) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Striving (SOP-S), and affect and the Big Five traits of personality in a sample of 804 Spanish students aged 8 to 11 (M  = 9.57; DE = 1.12). Student’s t test, Cohen’s d index and logistic regression analysis were used. The high SOP-C group scored significantly higher than their peers having low SOP-C on Negative Affect and Neuroticism, and lower on Positive Affect, Agreeableness, Consciousness and Openness to Experience. To the contrary, students with high SOP-S scored significantly higher on all adaptive dimensions (i.e. Positive Affect, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Consciousness and Openness to Experience), and lower on Negative Affect and Neuroticism. Effect sizes were small for most of statistically significant differences. These findings were also supported by regression analysis. Results are discussed in light of the debate on the adaptive or maladaptive nature of Self-Oriented Perfectionism.

Schizotypal Traits and the Dark Triad From an Ecological Perspective: A Nonclinical Sample Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Láng ◽  
Béla Birkás ◽  
László Martin ◽  
Tünde Nagy ◽  
János Kállai
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Success ◽  
Schizotypal Symptoms

The Dark Triad is a collection of socially aversive personality traits, namely subclinical psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and subclinical narcissism. These deviant traits, however, contribute to the success of individuals with dark personality traits. Therefore, Dark Triad traits can be conceived as pseudopathologies. Schizotypal traits have also been studies from the perspective of behavioral adaptations. In this study, we investigated whether schizotypal traits were associated with the Dark Triad traits and how schizotypal symptoms can be considered as parts of dark interpersonal strategies that contribute to the individual success of people with dark personality traits. A sample of 277 university students (198 females and 79 males; Mage = 20.64; SDage = 2.15) were recruited to fill out the Short Dark Triad and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Revised. Statistical analyses revealed that Machiavellianism was positively associated with restricted emotional and social life. Narcissism was negatively associated with interpersonal problems. Psychopathy was positively associated with distorted perceptions/cognitions and disorganization. Results of the study are discussed within a behavioral ecology framework. This perspective emphasizes the adaptive values connected to schizotypal personality traits. We further discuss how these adaptive traits fit into strategies of individuals with Dark Triad traits, and how these schizotypal traits might restrict or further promote their individual success.

scholarly journals A Study on the Impact of Big Five Personality Traits on Consciousness

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akriti Srivastava ◽  
Anamika Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Neo Five Factor Inventory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Personality is the set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organized and relatively enduring and that influence their interactions with, and adaptations to, the intra psychic, physical, and social environments. Personality is the factor which influences other functioning of the individuals, keeping this view in mind its relation with consciousness was thought to be explored, which is awareness, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. Hence, this study was designed to understand the relationship between big five personality traits and consciousness, for this, the data was collected from 200 working and non-working males and females in the age range of 22 to 30 years. Sample was chosen from Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk; Rajiv Gandhi Technical Institute, Raibarely; and Wipro Company, Bangalore. Measures used were self-consciousness scale (Fenigstein, Scheier &Buss 1975) which is a 23 item questionnaire and personality questionnaire: NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3). This questionnaire was developed by Paul T. Costa, Jr and Robert R. McCrae (1989). The result indicated that openness and conscientiousness are significantly positively related with consciousness and openness emerged out as the significant predictor of consciousness. Also the significant difference was found between males and females in terms of consciousness. This study is unique in its endeavor and creates scope for further exploration in this field.

scholarly journals Women's Race-and Sex-Based Social Attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Jonason ◽  
Ashley N. Lavertu
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Big Five Traits

How do individual differences in personality and sexuality relate to social attitudes? We contend that personality traits and sexual orientation are descriptions of underlying biases (e.g., perceptual) that exert top-down influences into all of life's domains including social attitudes. The present study (N=200 women) examined individual differences in sex-based and race-based social attitudes as a function of the Big Five traits, the Dark Triad traits, and sexual orientation. We found that affiliative-based motivations in the form of agreeableness, openness, and narcissism predicted the desire and tendency to affiliate with other women. We also found fear-based (i.e., neuroticism) and entitlement-based (i.e., narcissism) traits were associated with efforts towards political action for gender equality. We found a "go-along" disposition (i.e., agreeableness and openness) was associated with greater endorsement of traditional gender roles. We replicated associations between the Big Five traits (i.e., openness and agreeableness) and race-based social attitudes. Uniquely, Machiavellianism was associated with more race-based social attitudes but with diminished endorsement of traditional gender roles. And last, we suggest that experienced discrimination among bisexual women may lead them to be less likely to hold both undesirable race-based and sex-based social attitudes.

scholarly journals Dark Tetrad Personality Traits and the Propensity to Lie Across Multiple Contexts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loch Forsyth ◽  
Jeromy Anglim ◽  
Evita March ◽  
Barbara Bilobrk
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Multiple Contexts

The current study investigated the relationships between the Dark Tetrad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) and the propensity to lie in general and across the domain-specific contexts of academic, relationship, and professional scenarios. Participants (N = 615; 61% female: age M = 26.83, SD = 8.36) completed the Short Dark Triad and Short Sadistic Impulse Scale. They then read and responded to vignettes in three separate contexts (relationship, academic, and professional) and indicated their propensity to lie, lying efficacy, perceived cognitive load, and emotional response to lying. As hypothesized, individuals higher on the Dark Tetrad were found to report a higher propensity to lie. The Dark Tetrad traits were correlated with less cognitive load, more positive affect, and less negative affect while lying. Of the four traits that comprise the Dark Tetrad, Machiavellianism was the strongest predictor across each of the domain specific contexts. Sadism and narcissism both presented as significant and somewhat comparable predictors to deceive. The findings from the current study highlight the dangers of defaulting to truth-based judgements when engaging in interactions involving those high on the Dark Tetrad.

A Bright Side to Family Firms: How Socioemotional Wealth Importance Affects Dark Traits–Job Performance Relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-395
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. McLarty ◽  
Daniel T. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Socioemotional Wealth ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Examining socioemotional wealth’s influence at the individual level, an interactionist approach was used to test its moderation effect on the dark personality traits–job performance relationship, using supervisor-employee dyads in family firms. Termed the Dark Triad, dark personality traits include narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. Results showed that when supervisors in family firms prioritize socioemotional wealth, the expected relationships between the Dark Triad and employee job performance outcomes (task, citizenship, and counterproductive behaviors) is ameliorated. These findings demonstrate that family firms can create an environment that improves the otherwise negative impact that dark personality has on job performance.

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