scholarly journals Tobacco smoking in pregnant women: fifty years of evolution in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Demiguel ◽  
B Blondel ◽  
C Bonnet ◽  
R Andler ◽  
M J Saurel-Cubizolles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking Trends ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background Smoking during pregnancy is a major modifiable risk factor for maternal and foetal morbidity. We aimed to describe 1/smoking trends in France between 1972 and 2016, 2/ the factors associated with smoking cessation and reduction during pregnancy in 2016. Methods French National Perinatal Surveys are routine surveys based on a representative sample of births (N = 11,733 in 2016). Data were collected in face-to-face interviews in postnatal wards and from the mother’s medical record. Smoking rates before pregnancy and during 3rd trimester were estimated for each study year and characteristics associated with smoking reduction (relative percent change in number of cigarettes smoked before and during pregnancy <50% or ≥ 50%) compared with smoking cessation were analysed using multinomial logistic regression. Results After significantly decreasing from 1995 onwards, smoking prevalence stagnates since 2010 both before pregnancy and in the 3rd trimester (30.1% and 16.2%, respectively in 2016). In 2016, 45.8% ceased smoking during pregnancy, 37.2% reduced by ≥ 50% their consumption and 16.9% reduced by < 50% or did not reduce at all. The more cigarettes women smoked before pregnancy, the greater this reduction was (p < 0,001). Moderate reduction (<50%) vs stopping was more frequent in multiparae compared to nulliparae (aOR=2,47 [IC95%:1,93-3,15]) and in women with low education (aOR(<High school vs university graduates)=7,20 [4,78-10,82]) and low income (aOR(<1500€per month/>3000€)=2,30 [1,51-3,50]). Conclusions Smoking rates were high before and during pregnancy in France in 2016. Socio-demographic factors should be considered when targeting women most at risk of continuing smoking during pregnancy. Key messages After significantly decreasing from 1995 onwards, smoking prevalence stagnates since 2010 both before pregnancy and in the 3rd trimester in France. Supporting female smokers of childbearing age in their attempts to quit and remain non-smokers even after pregnancy is crucial, especially in multiparae and women in poor social condition.

Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Social Control Correlates of Smoking among Pregnant Women Trying to Quit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fillo ◽  
Kimberly E. Kamper-DeMarco ◽  
Whitney C. Brown ◽  
Paul R. Stasiewicz ◽  
Clara M. Bradizza
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant Smokers

Approximately 15% of US women currently smoke during pregnancy. An important step toward providing effective smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy is to identify individuals who are more likely to encounter difficulty quitting. Pregnant smokers frequently report smoking in response to intrapersonal factors (e.g., negative emotions), but successful cessation attempts can also be influenced by interpersonal factors (i.e., influence from close others). This study examined the association between emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative social control (e.g., encouragement, criticism), and smoking cessation-related variables (i.e., smoking quantity, withdrawal symptoms) among pregnant smokers. Data were drawn from the pretreatment wave of a smoking cessation trial enrolling low-income pregnant women who self-reported smoking in response to negative affect (N = 73). Greater emotion regulation difficulties were related to greater smoking urges (b = 0.295, p = .042) and withdrawal symptoms (b = 0.085, p = .003). Additionally, more negative social control from close others was related to fewer smoking days (b = -0.614, p = .042) and higher smoking abstinence self-efficacy (b = 0.017, p = .002). More positive social control from close others interacted with negative affect smoking (b = -0.052, p = .043); the association between negative affect smoking and nicotine dependence (b = 0.812, p < .001) only occurred at low levels of positive social control. Findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may contribute to smoking during pregnancy by exacerbating women's negative experiences related to smoking cessation attempts. Negative social control was related to lower smoking frequency and greater confidence in quitting smoking, suggesting that it may assist pregnant smokers' cessation efforts. Positive social control buffered women from the effects of negative affect smoking on nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals Tobacco smoking prevalence in pregnant women: metanalysis of cross sectional studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Restivo ◽  
S Pizzo ◽  
A Marrella ◽  
F Caracci ◽  
F Vitale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
English Language ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Notwithstanding tobacco smoking during pregnancy is associated with negative health outcomes, its prevalence was not included by worldwide surveillance system. The main objective was to estimate the number of women who had smoked at least one cigarette during her pregnancy in comparison to not smoking women. Methods A systematic review and metanalysis was conducted searching on MEDLINE, Pubmed and Scopus on the 2 January 2020. Keywords were searched with English language limits from 2017 to 2019. Three authors independently screened all titles and abstracts applying the inclusion criteria, extracted the data, filled a database and two other authors assessed doubt eligibility. Quality was assessed by the NOS scale and the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy was assessed dividing the number of women smoking by the total number of pregnant women reported in the studies. Results A total of 1424 articles were screened and 726 were evaluated to be included in the final database of 234 articles. Of these, 85 were properly designed as cross-sectional, 85 were conducted as secondary analysis of cohort, and 64 were population-based studies. The overall smoking prevalence during pregnancy was 12% (95% CI 11%-13%) with an increase to 14% (95%CI 12%-15%) for studies that had smoking as the primary endpoint. In the metaregression analysis, the risk of smoking increased in South America (meta regression coefficent [MC]=0.46, p = 0.02). On the other hand, smoking prevalence decreased during time (studies conducted from 2000 to 2010 MC=-0.15, p = 0.008 and studies conducted after 2010 MC=-0.11, p = 0.04). Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of smoking during pregnancy worldwide with higher values than reported in another metanalysis conducted from 1985 to 2016. However, prevalence decreased during the three years considered and was higher in some countries that need more preventive interventions. Key messages Women of childbearing age need to be educated about the potential detrimental effects of tobacco use on the developing fetus and infant. Evidence-based smoking cessation interventions should be integrated into routine prenatal care.

scholarly journals Smoking amongst adults experiencing homelessness: a systematic review of prevalence rates, interventions and the barriers and facilitators to quitting and staying quit

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstie Soar ◽  
Lynne Dawkins ◽  
Deborah Robson ◽  
Sharon Cox
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
What Works ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractBackgroundTo date, there has been no review of the research evidence examining smoking cessation among homeless adults. The current review aimed to: (i) estimate smoking prevalence in homeless populations; (ii) explore the efficacy of smoking cessation and smoking reduction interventions for homeless individuals; and (iii) describe the barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation and smoking reduction.MethodSystematic review of peer-reviewed research. Data sources included electronic academic databases. Search terms: ‘smoking’ AND ‘homeless’ AND ‘tobacco’, including adult (18+ years) smokers accessing homeless support services.ResultsFifty-three studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 46 USA). Data could not be meta-analysed due to large methodological inconsistencies and the lack of randomised controlled trials. Smoking prevalence ranged from 57% to 82%. Although there was no clear evidence on which cessation methods work best, layered approaches with additions to usual care seemed to offer modest enhancements in quit rates. Key barriers to cessation exist around the priority of smoking, beliefs around negative impact on mental health and substance use, and environmental influences.ConclusionsHomeless smokers will benefit from layered interventions which support many of their competing needs. To best understand what works, future recommendations include the need for consensus on the reporting of cessation outcomes.

scholarly journals Disparities in Prevalence of Smoking and Smoking Cessation during Pregnancy: A Population-Based Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane L. Dias-Damé ◽  
Juraci A. Cesar
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Level Of Education

Objective. To examine time trends in prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation during pregnancy by family income, maternal level of education, skin color, and age.Methods. We conducted three population-based surveys in 2007, 2010, and 2013 with newly delivered mothers living in the municipality of Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Data were collected using questionnaires administered after delivery in all (two) maternity units in the city, at Dr. Miguel Riet Corrêa Júnior Hospital and at Santa Casa de Misericórdia. Time trends were analyzed using chi-square test for linear trend.Results. Data of 7,572 women showed that the prevalence of smoking before pregnancy decreased from 28% (26.2–29.7) in 2007 to 22% (20.8–24.0) in 2013 (P<0.001). Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy decreased from 22% (20.4–23.7) in 2007 to 18% (16.6–19.5) in 2013 (P<0.001). This reduction varied across income ranging from 17% (poorest) to 35% (richest) (P<0.001). The lower the income, the higher the smoking prevalence during pregnancy. Smoking cessation was more prevalent among women of higher level of education and income.Conclusions. Smoking before and during pregnancy is still highly prevalent and the prevalence of cessation is low pointing to a need to strengthen actions targeting low-income, less educated, black pregnant women.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the labour market insertion of undergraduate graduates from Peruvian universities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4740-4749
Author(s):  
Pedro Yvan Saenz Rivera, Judith Soledad Yangali Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
State Universities ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The University

The objective of the research was to propose that some socio-demographic factors: gender, economic level and parents' education; basic education factors such as the department and type of secondary education management and mainly undergraduate and postgraduate factors measured by the characteristics of the university-career explain the insertion of university graduates in the Peruvian labour market. The quantitative, theoretical and explanatory approach study consisted of the analysis of information received from the Ministry of Education, a sample of 8072 graduates from 2014-2017 from a total of 15 private universities and 35 state universities. We found 50% of graduates employed with adequate hours, wages and tasks, 21% with inadequate employment and the remaining 29% unemployed. Using the multinomial logistic regression model, it was shown that engineering degrees have 4 times the employment opportunity, while graduating from a university in the first places in the Research Ranking favours employment by around 50%, gender, department, family income and the mother's level of education are also factors that condition employment insertion.

Problems Facing the Arab Pharmaceutical Industry: A Case Study from Yemen

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-241
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Shakka ◽  
Ebtesam Abood ◽  
Adel Al-Dhubhany ◽  
Sami Abdo Radman Aldubai ◽  
Khaled Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturer ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs

Because of the almost-instant connection with the welfare and well-being of individuals, pharmaceutical industry stands prominently as a very important factor for the improvement and progress of a healthy productive nation. These days, pharmaceutical industry thrives as one of the largest and exponentially expanding global industries. Nonetheless, millions of people in low income developing countries, have to suffer from the fatal consequences of the inaccessibility and non-availability of essential drugs. This is also happening in Yemen, where the pharmaceutical manufacturers sector have to face up to many challenges. The Yemen Drug Company (YEDCO) was founded in 1964 by the Yemeni government as it collaborated with private investors. It was endorsed as a company with the expertise in the medicinal drug marketing. YEDCO started its work by taking in drugs from foreign companies and then locally marketing and distributing them. In 1982, YEDCO built the first medicinal factory for drugs in Sana’a. Since then, seven companies were set up to manufacture medicines in Yemen. The expanding population has led to the need to have more pharmaceutical products. It may be understandable that pharmaceutical manufacturer companies are also hit by the political crisis in the country. Inadequate amount of fuel and raw material as well as low security status were some of the underlying factors behind these ill-effects in Yemen. Imported drugs make up about nearly 90% % of the pharmaceutical market compared to 10% drugs from the domestic market. This situation has led to an additional burden being shouldered by the national economy, where Yemen spends about US$263 million annually on pharmaceutical drugs, in reference to the national Supreme Drugs Authority. Although there is a very quick growth in the population and drugs consumption, the pharmaceutical industry has not been very active, where global pharmaceutical products play their role dominantly on the domestic market. The pharmaceutical production necessitates skilled human resources like university graduates. By contrast, the government and the private sector should also motivate the pharmaceutical industry and make use of the local employment

Efficacy of electronic cigarettes for tobacco smoking cessation: An adapted systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T O'Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Worldwide smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are increasingly used by tobacco smokers as an aid to smoking cessation; however, their efficacy remains uncertain. Methods Electronic databases, clinical trial registries and grey literature sources were searched. The aim was to examine randomised controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, published since the 2016 Cochrane review on this topic, that assessed the efficacy of ECs in achieving smoking cessation among current smokers. Results Two RCTs and five cohort studies, including a total of 16,460 participants, were eligible for inclusion. One RCT found sustained 1-year abstinence of 18.0% in the EC group versus 9.9% in the nicotine replacement therapy group (RR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.58; P &lt; 0.001). The second RCT did not find a statistically significant difference in abstinence rates between EC users and non-users (RR 0.71). Of the five included cohort studies, four reported statistically significant RRs. Two found a positive association (RRs of 1.45 and 1.84) between EC use and smoking cessation but two studies showed EC use was associated with reduced smoking cessation (RRs of 0.25 and 0.35). Due to significant heterogeneity between the studies the data were deemed unsuitable for pooling into a meta-analysis. All trials assessing smoking reduction reported higher rates of reduction among EC users. No serious adverse events were reported with EC use. Follow-up periods of included trials ranged from one to four years, with an average of 1.6 years. Conclusions There is limited, low-quality evidence that ECs are an effective intervention for smoking cessation and smoking reduction. The overall quality of evidence is low as it is based on a small number of studies with inconsistent and imprecise results. Due to the short follow-up periods of the included trials, the long-term safety of ECs is unclear from this review. Key messages Limited evidence that electronic cigarettes are an effective smoking cessation intervention. Further well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to investigate the efficacy of ECs for smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Correlates of Transitions in Food Insecurity Status during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Ethnically Diverse Households in Central Texas

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2597
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Janda ◽  
Nalini Ranjit ◽  
Deborah Salvo ◽  
Aida Nielsen ◽  
Pablo Lemoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
June July

Food insecurity increased substantially in the USA during the early stages of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to identify potential sociodemographic and food access-related factors that were associated with continuing or transitioning into food insecurity in a diverse population. An electronic survey was completed by 367 households living in low-income communities in Central Texas during June–July 2020. Multinomial logistic regression models were developed to examine the associations among food insecurity transitions during COVID-19 and various sociodemographic and food access-related factors, including race/ethnicity, children in the household, loss of employment/wages, language, and issues with food availability, accessibility, affordability, and stability during the pandemic. Sociodemographic and food access-related factors associated with staying or becoming newly food insecure were similar but not identical. Having children in the household, changes in employment/wages, changing shopping location due to food availability, accessibility and/or affordability issues, issues with food availability, and stability of food supply were associated with becoming newly food insecure and staying food insecure during the pandemic. Identifying as Latino and/or Black was associated with staying food insecure during COVID-19. These findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic did not create new food insecurity disparities. Rather, the pandemic exacerbated pre-existing disparities.

scholarly journals Building an Indigenous-Led Evidence Base for Smoking Cessation Care among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women during Pregnancy and Beyond: Research Protocol for the Which Way? Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Michelle Bovill ◽  
Catherine Chamberlain ◽  
Jessica Bennett ◽  
Hayley Longbottom ◽  
Shanell Bacon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Aboriginal Health ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Research Protocol ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Torres Strait

Strong and healthy futures for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people requires engagement in meaningful decision making which is supported by evidence-based approaches. While a significant number of research publications state the research is co-designed, few describe the research process in relation to Indigenous ethical values. Improving the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers and babies is crucial to the continuation of the oldest living culture in the world. Developing meaningful supports to empower Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers to quit smoking during pregnancy is paramount to addressing a range of health and wellbeing outcomes. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women have called for non-pharmacological approaches to smoking cessation during pregnancy. We describe a culturally responsive research protocol that has been co-designed and is co-owned with urban and regional Aboriginal communities in New South Wales. The project has been developed in line with the AH&MRC’s (Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council) updated guidelines for ethical research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Ethics approvals have been granted by AH&MRC #14541662 University of Newcastle HREC H-2020-0092 and the Local Health District ethics committee 2020/ETH02095. Results will be disseminated through peer reviewed articles, community reports, infographics, and online social media content.

scholarly journals AB0968 DIAGNOSIS OF INFLAMMATORY BACK PAIN (IBP) IN A LOW-INCOME POPULATION USING ASAS IBP DEFINITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1779.4-1779
Author(s):  
J. Oliveira ◽  
R. Nunes ◽  
G. Da Silva ◽  
I. Nogueira ◽  
A. Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Inflammatory Back Pain ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
First Report ◽  
Low Income Population

Background:Inflammatory back pain (IBP) is an important entry criterion for identifying patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Due to the very frequent prevalence of chronic non-inflammatory back pain (CBP), IBP is difficult to differentiate and recognize in many clinical practices. CBP is a frequent diagnosis in populations with low socioeconomic status.Objectives:To investigate whether IBP ASAS definition help discriminate from CBP in a low-income population.Methods:A total of 202 consecutive individuals were directly interviewed in Fortaleza/Brazil, for the prevalence of IBP (ASAS definition), monthly family income (US$), school education [>/≤ 8 school-years(SY)], and smoking habit (present/absent). People from all social levels were included.Results:Mean age was 38.9±12.9 years, 100 (49.5%) were male and 36 (17.8%) were smokers; 135 (66.8%) declared less than 730US$ family earnings per month and 71 (35.1%) had less than 8 SY. Although 122 (60.3%) declared lumbar pain, in comparison, 29 (14.3%), 22 (10.9%) and 59 (29.2%) fulfilled ASAS, Berlin, and Calin’s IBP criteria, respectively. There were 39 (58.02%) vs. 83 (61.5%) with vs. without CBP and 9 (13.4%) vs. 20 (14.8%) fulfilling vs. not fulfilling the ASAS IBP definition among those with more or less than 730US$ earnings (P>0.05), respectively.Conclusion:This is the first report on the prevalence of IBP in a very low-income population. Over one-third had less than 8SY, revealing very low literacy. Smoking prevalence was also low if compared to 28% smoking prevalence WHO estimates across Europe*. These IBP prevalence data are similar to those reported in wealthier populations, living in higher latitude. Data suggest that ASAS IBP definition may be used to discriminate patients with IBP from those with CBP, regardless of income and literacy.References:This is the first report on the prevalence of IBP in a very low-income population. Over one-third had less than 8SY, revealing very low literacy. Smoking prevalence (17.8%) was also low if compared to 28% smoking prevalence WHO estimates across Europe*. These IBP prevalence data are similar to those reported in wealthier populations, living in higher latitude. Data suggest that ASAS IBP definition may be used to discriminate patients with IBP from those with CBP, regardless of income and literacy.Disclosure of Interests:Jobson Oliveira: None declared, Rodolfo Nunes: None declared, Guilherme da Silva: None declared, Igor Nogueira: None declared, Artur Azevedo: None declared, Xenofon Baraliakos Grant/research support from: Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Airton Rocha Speakers bureau: Not related to the present work

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document