scholarly journals Relationship of Homocysteine Levels to Quadriceps Strength, Gait Speed, and Late-Life Disability in Older Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-K. Kuo ◽  
K.-C. Liao ◽  
S. G. Leveille ◽  
J. F. Bean ◽  
C.-J. Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals NEUROMUSCULAR ATTRIBUTES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR MOBILITY IN OLDER ADULTS WITH VASCULAR RISK CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A.J. Jor’dan ◽  
M.E. Jacob ◽  
E. Leritz ◽  
J.F. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Life Function

Background: The mobility of older adults is limited by the compounding effects of vascular health conditions, or vascular risk burden. However, little is known about the role of neuromuscular attributes among those in which vascular risk burden contributes to mobility limitations. Objective: We investigated (1) the relationship between the absence/presence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and/or obesity and mobility measures and neuromuscular attributes, and (2) whether the association between vascular risk burden and mobility is mediated by lower limb neuromuscular attributes. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 430 older adults within the Boston RISE Study. Measurements: Measures of mobility were the Short Physical Performance Battery, habitual gait speed, and functional mobility as measured by the Late Life Function Instrument. We also evaluated lower limb neuromuscular attributes, namely leg strength, leg velocity, trunk extensor muscle endurance, knee and ankle range of motion, and sensory loss. Results: Participants self-reported the presence of None (n=93), One (n=179), Two (n=114), or Three (n=44) of the following conditions: diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Multivariable regression models indicated that those with a greater vascular risk burden had worse performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (p=0.01), slower gait speed (p=0.0003) and lower Basic and Advanced Late Life Function Instrument scores (p<0.003). These associations were independent of multiple covariates. Vascular risk burden was also found to be negatively associated with leg strength (p=0.0002) and knee flexion range of motion (p<0.0001) and an associated non-significant trend was observed with leg velocity (p=0.06). In addition, the association between vascular risk burden and mobility outcomes were found to be partially mediated by leg strength, leg velocity, and knee flexion range of motion. Conclusions: Among older adults with vascular risk burden and mobility problems, neuromuscular impairments in attributes such as leg strength, leg velocity, and knee range of motion may need to be treatment priorities.

scholarly journals Differential relationships between brain structure and dual task walking in young and older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Hupfeld ◽  
Justin Geraghty ◽  
Heather R McGregor ◽  
Chris J Hass ◽  
Ofer Pasternak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Sulcal Depth

Almost 25% of all older adults experience difficulty walking. Mobility difficulties for older adults are more pronounced when performing a simultaneous cognitive task while walking (i.e., dual task walking). Although it is known that aging results in widespread brain atrophy, few studies have integrated across more than one neuroimaging modality to comprehensively examine the structural neural correlates that may underly dual task walking in older age. We collected spatiotemporal gait data during single and dual task walking for 37 young (18-34 years) and 23 older adults (66-86 years). We also collected T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI scans to determine how brain structure differs in older age and relates to dual task walking. We addressed two aims: 1) to characterize age differences in brain structure across a range of metrics including volumetric, surface, and white matter microstructure; and 2) to test for age group differences in the relationship between brain structure and the dual task cost (DTcost) of gait speed and variability. Key findings included widespread brain atrophy for the older adults, with the most pronounced age differences in brain regions related to sensorimotor processing. We also found multiple associations between regional brain atrophy and greater DTcost of gait speed and variability for the older adults. The older adults showed a relationship of both thinner temporal cortex and shallower sulcal depth in the frontal, sensorimotor, and parietal cortices with greater DTcost of gait. Additionally, the older adults showed a relationship of ventricular volume and superior longitudinal fasciculus free-water corrected axial and radial diffusivity with greater DTcost of gait. These relationships were not present for the young adults. Stepwise multiple regression found sulcal depth in the left precentral gyrus, axial diffusivity in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and sex to best predict DTcost of gait speed, and cortical thickness in the superior temporal gyrus to best predict DTcost of gait variability for older adults. These results contribute to scientific understanding of how individual variations in brain structure are associated with mobility function in aging. This has implications for uncovering mechanisms of brain aging and for identifying target regions for mobility interventions for aging populations.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Bicarbonate Levels With Gait Speed and Quadriceps Strength in Older Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Abramowitz ◽  
Thomas H. Hostetter ◽  
Michal L. Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Serum Bicarbonate

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF MID-TO-LATE-LIFE BODY MASS INDEX TRAJECTORIES WITH LATE-LIFE GAIT SPEED

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
B. Windham ◽  
M.E. Griswold ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
A. Kucharska-Newton ◽  
L.A. Pompeii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Body Mass Index Trajectories

scholarly journals Cognition Moderates the Relationship Between Hearing and Mobility in Cognitively Normal Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
Brent Small ◽  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
Nicole Armstrong ◽  
Susan Resnick ◽  
Frank Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Sensorimotor Function ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Cognitive Measure ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Recent data has shown a consistent but modest association between hearing impairment and poor mobility; both are strongly associated with cognition. Cognitive function may moderate the relationship between hearing and mobility. We analyzed 601 cognitively normal older participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who had concurrent data on cognition (attention, executive function, sensorimotor function), hearing (pure-tone average, PTA), and mobility (6-meter gait speed, 400-meter time). We performed multivariable-adjusted linear regression to test two-way interactions between each cognitive measure and PTA. There were significant PTA interactions with all cognitive measures on 400-meter time. There was a significant interaction between PTA and sensorimotor function on 6-meter gait speed. Among cognitively normal older adults, poorer hearing is more strongly associated with poor mobility in those with low cognition, especially sensorimotor function. Future studies are needed to understand how cognition may moderate the relationship of hearing impairment with mobility decline over time.

Talk or Walk? Gait Speed over Self-Report in Association with Cognitive Speed in Healthy Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Costello ◽  
Shane J. Sizemore ◽  
Kimberly E. O’Brien ◽  
Lydia K. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Report ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Age Range

Abstract. This study explores the relative value of both subjectively reported cognitive speed and gait speed in association with objectively derived cognitive speed. It also explores how these factors are affected by psychological and physical well-being. A group of 90 cognitively healthy older adults ( M = 73.38, SD = 8.06 years, range = 60–89 years) were tested in a three-task cognitive battery to determine objective cognitive speed as well as measures of gait speed, well-being, and subjective cognitive speed. Analyses indicated that gait speed was associated with objective cognitive speed to a greater degree than was subjective report, the latter being more closely related to well-being than to objective cognitive speed. These results were largely invariant across the 30-year age range of our older adult sample.

Refining Evidence-Based Treatments for Late-Life Depression

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Grace C. Niu ◽  
Patricia A. Arean
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

The recent increase in the aging population, specifically in the United States, has raised concerns regarding treatment for mental illness among older adults. Late-life depression (LLD) is a complex condition that has become widespread among the aging population. Despite the availability of behavioral interventions and psychotherapies, few depressed older adults actually receive treatment. In this paper we review the research on refining treatments for LLD. We first identify evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for LLD and the problems associated with efficacy and dissemination, then review approaches to conceptualizing mental illness, specifically concepts related to brain plasticity and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoc). Finally, we introduce ENGAGE as a streamlined treatment for LLD and discuss implications for future research.

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