The Immunity Clock

Abstract The immune system has been for long considered a marker of health. The age-related decline in its function results in a greater incidence of infections, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Nevertheless, it is still not known if immune function can be used to accurately estimate the rate of aging of an individual. A set of 14 immune function variables were measured in 214 healthy individuals ranging from 19 to 88 years old. All immune variables were selected as independent variables for the prediction of age by multiple linear regression (MLR). The Immunity Clock was constructed including the following 5 immune variables: natural killer activity, phagocytosis and chemotaxis of neutrophils and chemotaxis and proliferative capacity of lymphocytes reaching an adjusted R 2 of 80.3% and a standard error of the estimate of 4.74 years. The Immunity Clock was validated in a different group of healthy individuals (N=106) obtaining a Pearson´s correlation coefficient of 0.898 (p < 0.001) between chronological age and the age estimated by the Immunity Clock, the ImmunolAge. Moreover, we demonstrate that women with anxiety (N=10) show a higher ImmunolAge than their chronological age whereas healthy centenarians (N=8) show a lower one. In addition, the Immunity Clock provided here proves to be useful for monitoring the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention lasting one month, by detecting a diminished ImmunolAge in the same individuals. Further research will be needed to ascertain if the Immunity Clock is a passive marker of the aging process or it plays an active role in it.

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Immune Function, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Markers in Centenarians as Potential Predictors of Survival and Indicators of Recovery After Hospital Admission

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glz250 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (10) ◽

pp. 1827-1833

Author(s):

Irene Martínez De Toda ◽

Carmen Vida ◽

Marta García-Salmones ◽

Patricia Alonso-Fernández ◽

Mónica De La Fuente

Keyword(s):

Immune Function ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Natural Killer Activity ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Killer Activity ◽

Inflammatory Parameters

Abstract Several parameters of immune function, oxidative, and inflammatory stresses have been proposed as markers of health and predictors of longevity and mortality. However, it is unknown if any of these parameters can be used as predictors of survival in centenarians. Therefore, in a group of 27 centenarians, at the time of admission to the Clinical Hospital of Madrid, a series of immune function, antioxidant, oxidant, and inflammatory parameters were studied. Some centenarians survived and others did not, thus establishing two groups, “survivors” (n = 9) and “nonsurvivors” (n = 18). The results show that surviving centenarians display higher neutrophil chemotaxis and microbicidal capacity, natural killer activity, lymphoproliferation, glutathione reductase activity, and basal interleukin-10 release. Moreover, lower neutrophil and lymphocyte adherence, superoxide anion and malondialdehyde concentrations, and basal release of tumor necrosis factor α are also reported. The odds ratios for survival for these parameters were also calculated, with the highest odds ratios being the lymphoproliferative capacity and the ex vivo basal and stimulated release of interleukin-6 from mononuclear cells (odds ratio = 136.00). Therefore, these parameters have the potential to be used in the clinical setting as predictors of survival in centenarians. In the survivors group, the same parameters were also analyzed after 3 months. Because survivors showed an increase in neutrophil and lymphocyte chemotaxis capacity during the recovery period, reaching similar values to those observed in healthy centenarians, these parameters could be proposed as indicators of recovery.

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Age-related expansion of functionally inefficient cells with markers of natural killer activity in Down's syndrome

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v77.6.1263.bloodjournal7761263 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1263-1270

Author(s):

A Cossarizza ◽

C Ortolani ◽

E Forti ◽

G Montagnani ◽

R Paganelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Killer ◽

Lymphocyte Subsets ◽

Down's Syndrome ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Down’S Syndrome ◽

Natural Killer Activity ◽

Nk Activity ◽

Killer Activity ◽

Age Related ◽

Major Alteration

Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of two groups of patients affected by Down's syndrome (DS), ie, 28 children and nine adults of relatively advanced age (greater than 34 years), were investigated and compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls (13 children and 20 adults). Particular attention was devoted to cells with markers of natural killer (NK) activity. Double- and triple-color cytofluorimetric analysis was used to better characterize the phenotypic features of the different subsets. Apart from a reduced number of T lymphocytes (CD3+) in DS children and of B lymphocytes (CD19+) in both DS groups, the major alteration we found was a marked age-related increase of the percentage of cells bearing markers associated with NK activity, such as CD16, CD56, and CD57. These DS cells were apparently severely defective as far as their function was concerned, because NK activity was significantly reduced in comparison with age-matched controls, but still capable of responding to cytokines such as interleukin-2, interferon-beta, and interferon-gamma, and to the modulation of lytic activity exerted by the anti-CD16 monoclonal antibody. On the whole, our data stress the importance of studying DS subjects of different ages to fully appreciate the immunologic derangement characteristic of this syndrome.

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Age-related clonal haemopoiesis is associated with increased epigenetic age

10.1101/600759 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Neil A. Robertson ◽

Ian J. Deary ◽

Kristina Kirschner ◽

Riccardo E. Marioni ◽

Tamir Chandra

Keyword(s):

Somatic Mutations ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Accelerated Ageing ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Main Risk Factor ◽

Cpg Sites ◽

Age Related ◽

Epigenetic Age ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure

Age-related clonal haemopoiesis (ARCH) in healthy individuals was initially observed through an increased skewing in X chromosome inactivation. More recently, several groups reported that ARCH is driven by somatic mutations. The most prevalent ARCH mutations are in the DNMT3A and TET2 genes, previously described as drivers of myeloid malignancies. ARCH is associated with an increased risk for haematological cancers. ARCH also confers an increased risk for non-haematological diseases such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and chronic ischemic heart failure, for which age is a main risk factor. Whether ARCH is linked to accelerated ageing has remained unexplored. The most accurate and commonly-used tools to measure age acceleration are epigenetic clocks. They are based on age-related methylation differences at specific CpG sites correlating chronological age accurately with epigenetic age. Deviations from chronological age towards an increased epigenetic age have been associated with increased risk of earlier mortality and age-related morbidities. Here we present evidence of accelerated epigenetic age in individuals with ARCH.

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Tumor Necrosis Factor, Natural Killer Activity and Other Measures of Immune Function and Inflammation in Elderly Men with Heart Failure

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000213661 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 45-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Genie Pritchett ◽

Harvey Jay Cohen ◽

M. Murali Krisha Rao ◽

Fred Cobb ◽

Martin Sullivan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Immune Function ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Natural Killer Activity ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Killer Activity ◽

Necrosis Factor

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Age-related expansion of functionally inefficient cells with markers of natural killer activity in Down's syndrome

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v77.6.1263.1263 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1263-1270 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

A Cossarizza ◽

C Ortolani ◽

E Forti ◽

G Montagnani ◽

R Paganelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Killer ◽

Lymphocyte Subsets ◽

Down's Syndrome ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Down’S Syndrome ◽

Natural Killer Activity ◽

Nk Activity ◽

Killer Activity ◽

Age Related ◽

Major Alteration

Abstract Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of two groups of patients affected by Down's syndrome (DS), ie, 28 children and nine adults of relatively advanced age (greater than 34 years), were investigated and compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls (13 children and 20 adults). Particular attention was devoted to cells with markers of natural killer (NK) activity. Double- and triple-color cytofluorimetric analysis was used to better characterize the phenotypic features of the different subsets. Apart from a reduced number of T lymphocytes (CD3+) in DS children and of B lymphocytes (CD19+) in both DS groups, the major alteration we found was a marked age-related increase of the percentage of cells bearing markers associated with NK activity, such as CD16, CD56, and CD57. These DS cells were apparently severely defective as far as their function was concerned, because NK activity was significantly reduced in comparison with age-matched controls, but still capable of responding to cytokines such as interleukin-2, interferon-beta, and interferon-gamma, and to the modulation of lytic activity exerted by the anti-CD16 monoclonal antibody. On the whole, our data stress the importance of studying DS subjects of different ages to fully appreciate the immunologic derangement characteristic of this syndrome.

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Pengetahuan, Sikap dengan Partisipasi Pedagang Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Pasar

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan ◽

10.31964/jkl.v14i2.73 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 519

Author(s):

Muhammad Sufriannor ◽

Hardiono Hardiono ◽

Juanda A. Zuraini

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Active Role ◽

P Value ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Abstract Knowledge ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Abstract: Knowledge, Attitude with Merchants Participation In The Management of Market Waste. In Banjarbaru city waste volume transported by TPS officers per day about 90 tons / day to TPA. One of the source of waste is the market which is a big problem because most of the market waste is wet garbage. So these waste piles become flies nest, rats, insects.Waste management is also influenced by the participation of merchants that were still lacking awareness to play an active role in the implementation. The purpose of this study is to determine the relations of knowledge, attitude with the participation of merchants in waste management in the Bauntung market Banjarbaru. The type of this research is analytical survey research with Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study is all merchants in the Bauntung market Banjarbaru. The sample is 85 respondents, obtained by proportional sampling method. The research variables consist of independent variables, namely knowledge and attitude while the dependent variable is the participation of merchants in waste management. Data analysis used is univariat and bivariate (using Chi Square with α = 0,05). The result of the research stated that there is no correlation between knowledge level and participation (p-value 0,747> 0,05). There is a correlation between attitudes with participation (p-value 0.001

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A Biomarker-based Biological Age in UK Biobank: Composition and Prediction of Mortality and Hospital Admissions

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glab069 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mei Sum Chan ◽

Matthew Arnold ◽

Alison Offer ◽

Imen Hammami ◽

Marion Mafham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Components ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Later Life ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Prediction Of Mortality ◽

Age Related ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Models

Abstract Background Chronological age is the strongest risk factor for most chronic diseases. Developing a biomarker-based age and understanding its most important contributing biomarkers may shed light on the effects of age on later-life health and inform opportunities for disease prevention. Methods A subpopulation of 141 254 individuals healthy at baseline were studied, from among 480 019 UK Biobank participants aged 40–70 recruited in 2006–2010, and followed up for 6–12 years via linked death and secondary care records. Principal components of 72 biomarkers measured at baseline were characterized and used to construct sex-specific composite biomarker ages using the Klemera Doubal method, which derived a weighted sum of biomarker principal components based on their linear associations with chronological age. Biomarker importance in the biomarker ages was assessed by the proportion of the variation in the biomarker ages that each explained. The proportions of the overall biomarker and chronological age effects on mortality and age-related hospital admissions explained by the biomarker ages were compared using likelihoods in Cox proportional hazard models. Results Reduced lung function, kidney function, reaction time, insulin-like growth factor 1, hand grip strength, and higher blood pressure were key contributors to the derived biomarker age in both men and women. The biomarker ages accounted for >65% and >84% of the apparent effect of age on mortality and hospital admissions for the healthy and whole populations, respectively, and significantly improved prediction of mortality (p < .001) and hospital admissions (p < 1 × 10−10) over chronological age alone. Conclusions This study suggests that a broader, multisystem approach to research and prevention of diseases of aging warrants consideration.

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Scotopic thresholds on dark-adapted chromatic perimetry in healthy aging and age-related macular degeneration

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89677-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manjot Kaur Grewal ◽

Shruti Chandra ◽

Alan Bird ◽

Glen Jeffery ◽

Sobha Sivaprasad

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Age Related ◽

Rod Function ◽

The Mean ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Effect Of Age

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of aging, intra- and intersession repeatability and regional scotopic sensitivities in healthy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes. Intra- and intersession agreement and effect of age was measured in healthy individuals. The mean sensitivity (MS) and pointwise retinal sensitivities (PWS) within the central 24° with 505 nm (cyan) and 625 nm (red) stimuli were evaluated in 50 individuals (11 healthy and 39 AMD eyes). The overall intra- and intersession had excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC > 0.90) and tests were highly correlated (Spearman rs = 0.75–0.86). Eyes with subretinal drusenoid deposit (SDD) had reduced PWS centrally, particularly at inferior and nasal retinal locations compared with controls and intermediate AMD (iAMD) without SDD. There was no difference in MS or PWS at any retinal location between iAMD without SDD and healthy individuals nor between iAMD with SDD and non-foveal atrophic AMD groups. Eyes with SDD have reduced rod function compared to iAMD without SDD and healthy eyes, but similar to eyes with non-foveal atrophy. Our results highlight rod dysfunction is not directly correlated with drusen load and SDD location.

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