scholarly journals Is the Optimal Level of Protein Intake for Older Adults Greater Than the Recommended Dietary Allowance?

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Volpi ◽  
W. W. Campbell ◽  
J. T. Dwyer ◽  
M. A. Johnson ◽  
G. L. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Recommended Dietary Allowance ◽  
Dietary Allowance

scholarly journals Dietary Variety Predicts Low Body Mass Indexand Inadequate Macronutrient and MicronutrientIntakes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Roberts ◽  
Cheryl L. Hajduk ◽  
Nancy C. Howarth ◽  
Robert Russell ◽  
Megan A. McCrory
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Recommended Dietary Allowance ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Dietary Variety ◽  
Dietary Allowance ◽  
Low Bmi

Abstract Background. Low body mass index (BMI) and micronutrient deficiencies are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in old age. Whether adverse patterns of dietary variety predict both low BMI and low micronutrient intakes in older adults was investigated. Methods. A cross-sectional analysis of national survey data was conducted in 1174 healthy adult men and women (ages 21 to 90 years) who provided physiologically plausible dietary data in the 1994–1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. Measurements included reported energy intake, protein intake (percentage meeting Recommended Dietary Allowance), micronutrient intakes (percentage meeting Estimated Average Requirements for 14 micronutrients), and BMI. Results. Adults who were 61 years or older consumed a greater total variety of foods, chose foods from a wider range of food groups, had a greater variety of micronutrient-dense foods and energy-weak foods, and had a lower variety of micronutrient-weak foods compared with adults ages 21 to 60 years (p <.05 to.001). However, older adults with low BMIs (<22 kg/m2) consumed a lower variety of energy-dense foods compared with older adults with higher BMIs (p <.05). The variety of energy-dense foods predicted both energy intake and BMI at all ages in multiple regression models controlling for confounding variables (R2 =.124 for energy, R2 =.574 for BMI, p <.001). A higher percentage of older persons had inadequate micronutrient intakes compared with younger persons (p <.05), especially vitamin E, calcium, and magnesium, but consumption of a particularly wide variety of micronutrient-rich foods helped counterbalance these trends (p <.05). Older adults who had a low BMI and consumed a low variety of micronutrient-dense foods were particularly at nutritional risk, with only 65.4% consuming the Recommended Dietary Allowance for protein and none meeting the Estimated Average Requirements for all 14 micronutrients. Conclusions. In contrast to previous suggestions that older persons consume a monotonous diet, this study showed that adults who were 61 years or older consumed a greater total food variety, and a greater variety of micronutrient-dense and energy-weak foods, compared with adults who were 60 years or younger. Although consumption of a low variety of energy-dense foods may contribute to reduced energy intake and body weight at any age, the variety of micronutrient-dense foods consumed needs to increase in old age to prevent micronutrient deficiencies. These findings suggest that all adults need advice on the changing needs for dietary variety with aging to maintain health, and that older persons with low BMI are particularly vulnerable to dietary shortfalls.

scholarly journals Protein Intakes Above the Recommended Dietary Allowance Reduce Fat Mass Irrespective of Energy Balance and Resistance Training Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (P08-056-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bergia ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Joshua Hudson ◽  
Wayne Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Recommended Dietary Allowance ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Dietary Allowance

Abstract Objectives The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein of 0.8 g/kg/d is the current standard of dietary adequacy. Research assessing the effects of higher protein intakes on body composition often focus on changes in lean mass and use the RDA as the reference protein intake. However, it is important to also assess the importance of protein intake on fat mass, which relates to cardiometabolic health indices. Therefore, we sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of protein intakes greater than versus at the RDA on changes in whole body fat mass. Methods Three researchers independently screened 1531 articles published through August 2018 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases, with additional articles identified through previously published review articles. Randomized-controlled, parallel studies at least 6 weeks long on apparently healthy adults (> = 19 years old) were eligible for data extraction. Results Data from 16 randomized-controlled, parallel studies resulting in 20 comparisons of fat mass changes were included in the final analysis. This abstract presents sub-analyses for comparisons with catabolic and anabolic stimuli, specifically energy restriction (ER) and/or resistance training (RT), respectively. Among all comparisons, consuming greater than the protein RDA resulted in greater fat mass change [–0.81 kg (–1.25, –0.37); WMD (95% CI), n = 20 comparisons]. The beneficial effect of greater protein intake on adiposity was apparent irrespective of energy or training status. Groups consuming greater than the RDA with ER lost more fat mass [–0.91 kg (–1.55, –0.28), n = 13], and groups consuming greater than the RDA without ER lost fat mass, while there was no reduction in groups consuming the RDA [–0.65 kg (–1.29, –0.05), n = 7]. Greater protein intake promoted fat mass loss with RT [–0.91 kg (–1.55, –0.28), n = 2] and without RT [–0.65 kg (–1.29, –0.05), n = 18]. Conclusions These results support protein intakes greater than the RDA to reduce fat mass, irrespective of energy balance and resistance training status. Funding Sources No external funding was provided.

Low intake of vegetable protein is associated with altered ovulatory function among healthy women of reproductive age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keewan Kim ◽  
Samrawit F Yisahak ◽  
Carrie J Nobles ◽  
Victoria C Andriessen ◽  
Elizabeth A DeVilbiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Recommended Dietary Allowance ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Allowance ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women

Abstract Context Diets high in plant-based protein have gained popularity due to increasing health concerns regarding consumption of animal products. Though links between intakes of certain protein-rich foods and reproductive disorders have been suggested, the relationship of overall animal and vegetable proteins with reproductive hormones among reproductive-aged women is unknown. Objective To evaluate associations between intake of dietary protein with reproductive hormones and sporadic anovulation among reproductive-aged women. Design A prospective cohort study, 2005-2007. Setting University at Buffalo, western New York, USA. Participants 259 premenopausal women (18-44 years) without dietary restrictions. Main Outcome Measure(s) Serum reproductive hormones were determined up to 8 times per cycle for 2 cycles. Protein intake was assessed the day prior to hormone assessment at 4 visits/cycle using 24-hour recalls. Results Overall, 84% of participants met the recommended dietary allowance for total protein set for reproductive-aged women. Neither total nor animal protein intake were associated with reproductive hormones or anovulation. However, vegetable protein intake in the lowest tertile was associated with lower luteal phase progesterone (-18.0%, 95% CI -30.2, -3.6), higher follicle-stimulating hormone (3.8%, 95% CI 0.2, 7.6), and a higher risk of anovulation (risk ratio [RR] 2.53, 95% CI 1.21, 5.26), compared to the middle tertile. Nuts and seeds were the only protein-rich foods associated with an elevated risk of anovulation (RR 2.12, 95% CI 1.17, 3.85). Conclusions Findings suggest that among women who meet the recommended dietary allowance for total protein, low intake of vegetable, but not animal, protein may disturb normal ovulatory function.

Animal protein intake is inversely associated with mortality in older adults: the InCHIANTI study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Meroño ◽  
Raúl Zamora-Ros ◽  
Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona ◽  
Montserrat Rabassa ◽  
Stefania Bandinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein

Abstract Background In general, plant protein intake was inversely associated with mortality in studies in middle-aged adults. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term associations of animal and plant protein intake with mortality in older adults. Methods A prospective cohort study including 1,139 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 75 years, 56% women) living in Tuscany, Italy, followed for 20 years (InCHIANTI study) was analyzed. Dietary intake by food frequency questionnaires and clinical information were assessed five times during the follow-up. Protein intakes were expressed as percentages of total energy. Time-dependent Cox regression models adjusted for confounders were used to assess the association between plant and animal protein intake, and mortality. Results During the 20-years of follow up (mean: 12y), 811 deaths occurred (292 of cardiovascular- and 151 of cancer-related causes). Animal protein intake was inversely associated with all-cause (HR per 1% of total energy from protein increase, 95%CI: 0.96, 0.93-0.99) and cardiovascular mortality (HR per 1% of total energy from protein increase, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.87-0.98). Plant protein intake showed no association with any of the mortality outcomes, but an interaction with baseline hypertension was found for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions Animal protein was inversely associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults. Further studies are needed to provide recommendations on dietary protein intake for older adults.

scholarly journals A 12-week intervention with protein-enriched foods and drinks improved protein intake but not physical performance of older patients during the first 6 months after hospital release: a randomised controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 1541-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Beelen ◽  
Nicole M. de Roos ◽  
Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Chair Rise ◽  
Physical Recovery

AbstractDuring and after hospitalisation, older adults are recommended to consume 1·2–1·5 g of protein/kg body weight per d (g/kg per d) to improve recovery. This randomised controlled trial studied the effectiveness of a 12-week intervention with protein-enriched foods and drinks by following-up seventy-five older patients (mean age: 76·8 (sd 6·9) years) during their first 6 months after hospital discharge. Primary outcomes were protein intake and physical performance (measured with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)). Secondary outcomes for physical recovery were gait speed, chair-rise time, leg-extension strength, hand-grip strength, body weight, nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment), independence in activities of daily living (ADL) and physical activity. The intervention group consumed more protein during the 12-week intervention period compared with the control group (P<0·01): 112 (sd 34) g/d (1·5 (sd 0·6) g/kg per d) v. 78 (sd 18) g/d (1·0 (sd 0·4) g/kg per d). SPPB total score, gait speed, chair-rise time, body weight and nutritional status improved at week 12 compared with baseline (time effect P<0·05), but were not different between groups. Leg-extension strength, hand-grip strength and independence in ADL did not change. In conclusion, protein-enriched products enabled older adults to increase their protein intake to levels that are higher than their required intake. In these older adults with already adequate protein intakes and limited physical activity, protein enrichment did not enhance physical recovery in the first 6 months after hospital discharge.

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