scholarly journals Cross-Validation of a Scale to Measure Contact With Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
Robert Intrieri ◽  
Maria Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Student Subject ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract According to Allport (1954) intergroup contact would reduce prejudice that in-group members would experience toward out-group members. Allport also theorized that positive intergroup contact would follow after four conditions were met: (a) equal group status within the situation, (b) common goals, (c) intergroup cooperation, and (d) the support of authorities, law, or custom. While contact with older adults is a principal influence on attitudes toward older people, there is a paucity of adequate contact measures. This study assessed the cross-validity of the factor structure of an instrument to measure contact with older adults. The convenience sample consisted of 470 participants (61% male) from an undergraduate student subject pool (M = 20.67, SDtotal = 3.37). Participants were predominantly Caucasian (n=176, 48.9%), African American (n=103, 28.6%), and Hispanic/Latino/a (n=51, 14.2%). Results of a confirmatory factor analysis showed the three-factor model exhibited a reasonable fit to the data □□ (41, n = 360) = 191.797; p<.0001, CFI =.971; TLI =.961; RMSEA = .101 (90% CI, 0.087-0.116) SRMS = .042. An additional model examining the relationships between a single indicator of contact frequency and the three-factor COA scale revealed similar fit statistics □□ (41, n = 360) = 191.797; p<.0001, CFI =.967; TLI =.955; RMSEA = .092 (90% CI, 0.079-0.105) SRMS = .044. The findings provide clear and consistent evidence across independent samples that the covariances among the items are best explained through a latent structure that consists of three meaningful factors (“General Contact”, “Positive Experience, and “Negative Experience”).

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A SCALE TO MEASURE CONTACT WITH OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S81-S81
Author(s):  
Robert C Intrieri ◽  
Maria Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Group Member ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract Allport (1954) hypothesized that intergroup contact would reduce prejudice that an in-group member would experience toward an out-group member. Allport held that positive effects of intergroup contact would occur when four conditions were met: (a) equal group status within the situation, (b) common goals, (c) intergroup cooperation, and (d) the support of authorities, law, or custom. Although contact with older adults is an important influence on attitudes toward older people, no psychometrically adequate measures of contact exist. Specifically, this study examined the factor structure of an instrument to measure contact with older adults. The convenience sample consisted of 188 women and 282 men (n = 470). Mean ages for men and women were 21.06 (SD = 2.28) and 20.88 (SD = 3.09), respectively (Mtotal = 20.99, SDtotal = 2.63). Participants were predominantly Caucasian (n=295, 62.6%), African American (n=67, 14.2%), Hispanic/Latino/a (n=63, 13.4%), and other minorities comprising the remaining 9.8%. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis showed the three factor model exhibited a reasonable fit to the data X2 (41, N = 471) = 281.81; p<.0001, CFI =.954; TLI =.938; RMSEA =. 000 (90% CI, 0.100-0.124) SRMS = .054. Results and further adjustments to the model will be discussed.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Contact Experiences and Their Relation to Ageism as a Multidimensional Construct

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
Tim Kuball ◽  
Georg Jahn ◽  
Claas Pollmanns
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Positive Contact ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

Abstract Research on intergroup contact suggests that negative contact experiences affect cognitive representations such as stereotypes more strongly than positive contact experiences. To comprehensively examine the full effect of intergroup contact, the valence of the contact experience as well as the affective and cognitive dimensions of prejudice should be assessed. In ageism research, previous studies typically focused only on contact of positive valence and were limited to the perspectives of younger individuals on older adults. Primary objective of this study is to examine both positive and negative contact frequency and their relation to affective and cognitive dimensions of ageism from the perspectives of younger adults between the age of 18 and 25 (study 1) and older adults between the age of 60 and 92 (study 2). Consistent with previous research on intergroup contact, our results confirm that both types of contact were similarly predictive of affective facets of prejudice. However, only in study 2 that assessed older adults’ agreement with contemporary stereotypes about young men and women, negative compared to positive contact frequency proved to be a stronger predictor of the cognitive dimension of ageism. Our findings emphasize the importance of focusing on all dimensions of prejudice and highlight the need to consider the perspectives of young and old in ageism research.

scholarly journals DIMINISHED COMPLEXITY OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF AMONG DROPOUTS FROM A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF COPING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S458-S458
Author(s):  
Jordan A Anderson ◽  
Shaelyn M Harris ◽  
Erica L Nelson ◽  
Ingrid Teuber ◽  
Andrew Futterman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Religion And Health ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Seriously Ill ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract Selective attrition is a common problem in longitudinal studies of older adults. Dropout is due to many factors, but frequently health concerns figure prominently as a reason for attrition. In light of previous work that suggests health problems reduce complexity of religious and other social involvements, the current study examines complexity of religiousness among dropouts and continuers in a longitudinal study of religion and health in later life. A random sample of 287 older adults living in Worcester, MA was assessed at two times of measurement 12 months apart using interview-based measures of religious orientation (Batson, Schoenrade, and Ventis, 1993) and health (OARS). Of the 287 who began the study, 72 dropped out and were not available to be assessed at 12 month assessment. Using Mplus, a three-factor model of Ends, Means, and Quest orientations demonstrated a good fit to the data in both dropout and continuer subsamples (e.g., CFI’s equaled .959 and .966, respectively). Diminished correlations between Ends, Means, and Quest orientations in the dropout vs. continuer subsample suggests diminished complexity of religious orientation among dropouts. Dropouts were more seriously ill, had higher levels of functional impairment, and demonstrated lower SES, suggesting increased vulnerability and fewer resources may have been the reason for dropping from the study as well as one possible cause of their diminished religious complexity.

Leisure Activities and the Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults in Croatia

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kaliterna Lipovčan ◽  
Tihana Brkljačić ◽  
Zvjezdana Prizmić Larsen ◽  
Andreja Brajša-Žganec ◽  
Renata Franc
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Financial Status

Abstract. Research shows that engagement in leisure activities promotes well-being among older adults. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between subjective well-being (flourishing) and leisure activities (total number of different activities in the previous year) in a sample of older adults in Croatia, thereby considering the variables of sex, marital status, financial status, and self-perceived health. The differences in the examined variables between the groups of older adults who reported to be engaged in new activities with those who did not were also examined. The sample of N = 169 older adults aged 60 years and above was drawn from a convenience sample of adult internet users in Croatia. Participants reported their self-perceived health and the number of leisure activities they engaged in over the previous year as well as completing the Flourishing Scale. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that older adults who were engaged in more various leisure activities, who perceived better financial status, and who were married reported higher levels of flourishing. A comparison of the two groups of older adults with and without engagement in leisure activities showed that those engaged in at least one leisure activity were more likely to be women, reported higher levels of flourishing, and perceived their own financial status as better. This study indicated that engaging in leisure activities in later life might provide beneficial effects for the well-being of older adults.

Validation of the Short Dark Triad in a German Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Caroline Wehner ◽  
Ulrike Maaß ◽  
Marius Leckelt ◽  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Matthias Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Competitive Test ◽  
Three Factor ◽  
Behavioral Criteria

Abstract. The structure, correlates, and assessment of the Dark Triad are widely discussed in several fields of psychology. Based on the German version of the Short Dark Triad (SDT), we add to this by (a) providing a competitive test of existing structural models, (b) testing the nomological network, and (c) proposing an ultrashort 9-item version of the SDT (uSDT). A sample of N = 969 participants provided data on the SDT and a range of further measures. Our competitive test of five structural models revealed that fit indices and nomological network assumptions were best met in a three-factor model, with separate factors for psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. The results provided an extensive overview of the raw, unique, and shared associations of Dark Triad dimensions with narcissism facets, sadism, impulsivity, self-esteem, sensation seeking, the Big Five, maladaptive personality traits, sociosexual orientation, and behavioral criteria. Finally, the uSDT exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties. The highest overlap in expected relations between SDT and uSDT, and convergent and discriminant measures was also found for the three-factor model. Our study underlines the utility of a three-factor model of the Dark Triad, extends findings on its nomological network, and provides an ultrashort instrument.

Working Memory, Mental Prospection, Time Orientation, and Cognitive Insight

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Cinan ◽  
Aslı Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Insight ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Three Factor

This research is new in its attempt to take future time orientation, morningness orientation, and prospective memory as measures of mental prospection, and to examine a three-factor model that assumes working memory, mental prospection, and cognitive insight are independent but related higher-order cognitive constructs by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The three-factor model produced a good fit to the data. An alternative one-factor model was tested and rejected. The results suggest that working memory and cognitive insight are distinguishable, related constructs, and that both are distinct from, but negatively associated with, mental prospection. In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that working memory had a strong positive effect on cognitive insight and a moderate negative effect on mental prospection.

The Structural Changes in the FF Three-Factor Model and its Robustness in the Bear-Bull Market Periods

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Lawrence ◽  
Gordon V. Karels ◽  
Suchi Mishra ◽  
Arun J. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Bull Market ◽  
Three Factor

scholarly journals 346 How Do we Increase Adherence to Home Exercise Programmes? Interviews with Older Adults and Physiotherapists

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii17-iii65
Author(s):  
Siti Khalijah ◽  
Suzanne Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Exercise Programmes ◽  
Purposive Sample

Abstract Background Regular exercise and physical activity can maintain function and cardiovascular health, and prevent cognitive decline, in older adults. However, studies show that there is often poor adherence to home exercise programmes (HEP). The purpose of this study was to explore how HEP are perceived by both older adults and physiotherapists. Methods A convenience sample of 28 older adults attending outpatient physiotherapy clinics were given an exercise journal to record their adherence to the HEP prescribed by their physiotherapists for six weeks. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample, and the corresponding prescribing physiotherapists, to achieve maximal variation in terms of HEP adherence, age and sex. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and simple content analysis performed. Results Fourteen participants returned their exercise journal. Median age was 80; half were female; median Berg Balance Score and Timed-up-and-Go-Test were 49 and 16 seconds respectively. Participants exercised a median 79.8% of the prescribed dose, or 5.6 days per week. Seven older adults were interviewed; about half had a positive attitude towards exercise. They were also moderately positive about their HEP (comments ranged from “doable” and “nothing bad about it” to “enjoyable”). Barriers included time, mood, boredom, remembering to do the HEP, and variable health status. Enablers included simple instructions and design, family encouragement, and sense of achievement. Physiotherapists (n=5) perceived that many older adults aren’t compliant with HEPs, but there was some therapeutic nihilism (“you can’t force them”). Their HEP instructions varied from verbal to written instructions/diagrams; one physiotherapist used individualised video content. Notably, participants with good adherence understood their HEP well in terms of content and purpose, although this may be cause or effect. Conclusion To improve compliance with HEP, healthcare professionals need to take time to motivate the recipient, simplify their instructions, and trouble-shoot potential barriers at the time of prescription.

scholarly journals Orthostatic Hypotension and Falls in Hospitalized Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382098668
Author(s):  
Kathleen Schell ◽  
Denise Lyons ◽  
Barry Bodt
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Hospitalized Older Adults

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) among a convenience sample of older adults on two Acute Care of the Elderly (ACE) units of the ChristianaCare™ in Delaware. Another aim was to determine if subjects with documented OH experienced falls. Retrospective de-identified data was obtained from electronic medical records for the years 2015 to 2018. Among all patients who had valid first orthostatic vital sign (OVS) readings ( n = 7,745), 39.2% had orthostatic hypotension on the first reading. Among the patients, 42.8% were found to be hypotensive during OVS. Thirty-one (0.9%) of those with OH fell at some point during their stay. The odds ratio for falls in the presence of OH was 1.34 with a 95% confidence interval (0.82, 2.21), but a chi-square test failed to find significance ( p = .2494). The results could not determine if OVS should be mandatory in fall prevention protocols.

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