scholarly journals Intergenerational Contact Experiences and Their Relation to Ageism as a Multidimensional Construct

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
Tim Kuball ◽  
Georg Jahn ◽  
Claas Pollmanns
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Positive Contact ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

Abstract Research on intergroup contact suggests that negative contact experiences affect cognitive representations such as stereotypes more strongly than positive contact experiences. To comprehensively examine the full effect of intergroup contact, the valence of the contact experience as well as the affective and cognitive dimensions of prejudice should be assessed. In ageism research, previous studies typically focused only on contact of positive valence and were limited to the perspectives of younger individuals on older adults. Primary objective of this study is to examine both positive and negative contact frequency and their relation to affective and cognitive dimensions of ageism from the perspectives of younger adults between the age of 18 and 25 (study 1) and older adults between the age of 60 and 92 (study 2). Consistent with previous research on intergroup contact, our results confirm that both types of contact were similarly predictive of affective facets of prejudice. However, only in study 2 that assessed older adults’ agreement with contemporary stereotypes about young men and women, negative compared to positive contact frequency proved to be a stronger predictor of the cognitive dimension of ageism. Our findings emphasize the importance of focusing on all dimensions of prejudice and highlight the need to consider the perspectives of young and old in ageism research.

scholarly journals Positive Intergroup Contact, Negative Intergroup Contact, and Threat As Predictors of Cognitive and Affective Dimensions of Prejudice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Aberson
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Positive Contact ◽  
Affective Dimensions ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

Research on intergroup contact suggests that contact relates morestrongly to affective than cognitive dimensions of prejudice. However,work on these forms of prejudice focuses primarily on positive contactexperiences. One goal of this study is to examine whether positive andnegative contact experiences differentially predict affective andcognitive prejudice dimensions of prejudice. The second goal is toexamine intergroup threats as mediators of contact-prejudicerelationships. Results demonstrated that negative contact morestrongly predicted cognitive dimensions of prejudice such asstereotypes. Both types of contact were similarly predictive ofaffective dimensions of prejudice. The mediation of the negativecontact-prejudice relationship was stronger across all dependentmeasures than mediation of the positive contact-prejudicerelationship. Together these results suggest that either form ofcontact predicts affective prejudice but negative contact isparticularly important in explaining cognitive dimensions ofprejudice. Additionally, results suggest an important role forfeelings of threat in explaining contact-prejudice relationships.

scholarly journals Cross-Validation of a Scale to Measure Contact With Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
Robert Intrieri ◽  
Maria Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Student Subject ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract According to Allport (1954) intergroup contact would reduce prejudice that in-group members would experience toward out-group members. Allport also theorized that positive intergroup contact would follow after four conditions were met: (a) equal group status within the situation, (b) common goals, (c) intergroup cooperation, and (d) the support of authorities, law, or custom. While contact with older adults is a principal influence on attitudes toward older people, there is a paucity of adequate contact measures. This study assessed the cross-validity of the factor structure of an instrument to measure contact with older adults. The convenience sample consisted of 470 participants (61% male) from an undergraduate student subject pool (M = 20.67, SDtotal = 3.37). Participants were predominantly Caucasian (n=176, 48.9%), African American (n=103, 28.6%), and Hispanic/Latino/a (n=51, 14.2%). Results of a confirmatory factor analysis showed the three-factor model exhibited a reasonable fit to the data □□ (41, n = 360) = 191.797; p<.0001, CFI =.971; TLI =.961; RMSEA = .101 (90% CI, 0.087-0.116) SRMS = .042. An additional model examining the relationships between a single indicator of contact frequency and the three-factor COA scale revealed similar fit statistics □□ (41, n = 360) = 191.797; p<.0001, CFI =.967; TLI =.955; RMSEA = .092 (90% CI, 0.079-0.105) SRMS = .044. The findings provide clear and consistent evidence across independent samples that the covariances among the items are best explained through a latent structure that consists of three meaningful factors (“General Contact”, “Positive Experience, and “Negative Experience”).

Stereotypes in the face of reality: Intergroup contact inconsistent with group stereotypes changes attitudes more than stereotype-consistent contact

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843022094681
Author(s):  
Tibor Zingora ◽  
Loris Vezzali ◽  
Sylvie Graf
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
The Face ◽  
Positive Contact ◽  
Better Than

In a longitudinal two-wave study we examined the effects of positive and negative intergroup contact on outgroup attitudes in participants who perceived positive, negative, or ambivalent group stereotypes. We focused on stereotype-consistent contact, occurring when the valence of participants’ contact matches the valence of the perceived group stereotype (e.g., negative–negative), and on stereotype-inconsistent contact, occurring when the valence of contact contradicts the valence of the group stereotype (e.g., positive–negative). In relations of the Czech majority ( N = 890) with two distinctly stereotyped minorities, the Roma and the Vietnamese, stereotype-inconsistent contact predicted changes in attitudes better than stereotype-consistent contact. In the case of negatively stereotyped groups, positive intergroup contact is a viable way to improve attitudes. For positively stereotyped groups, negative contact can worsen attitudes, while positive contact does not have any attitude-improving effect. Interventions aimed at improving outgroup attitudes need to be applied with caution, considering the valence of group stereotypes.

Social Contact Frequency and Pain among Older Adults with HIV: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Matthew Herbert ◽  
Jennalee Wooldridge ◽  
Emily Paolillo ◽  
Colin Depp ◽  
Raeanne Moore
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

scholarly journals Associations Between Subjective Age, Contact With Older Adults, and Age Stereotypes Among Younger Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
Maria Kurth ◽  
Robert Intrieri
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health

Abstract Subjective aging (SA) has generally focused on middle-age and older adults in relation to physical and psychological health for the last 70 years (see Barak & Stern, 1986). Kornadt et al. (2019) recently called for more research examining: co-development of age stereotypes and SA, and this association across the lifespan. Literature examining SA and age stereotypes among younger adults is limited and suggests that age stereotypes are not directly associated with SA (Packer & Chasteen, 2006). Increased contact with older adults, however, is associated with less ageist attitudes (Bousfield & Hutchinson, 2010). This study examined SA and the associations between contact frequency and ageism. The sample consisted of 467 undergraduate students (Mage = 21.48, SDage = 2.63). Subjective age was assessed by asking How old do you feel compared with others your age?, and was scored on a 5-point scale from younger all the time (5) to older all the time (1). Ageism was assessed with the Aging Semantic Differential (ASD), which contains four factors. Results showed significant effects across felt age for contact frequency (F(4, 406) = 3.841, p = .004). Results for the ASD factors were mixed with Autonomy and Integrity showing significant effects for SA (F(4, 405) = 2.763, p = .027; F(4, 405) = 2.773, p = .027 respectively). Instrumentality and Acceptance were nonsignificant. Results suggested feeling older all the time is related to more contact, but more negative attitudes- this increased contact might providing priming for more ageist attitudes (Eibach et al., 2010).

scholarly journals Team approach to polypharmacy evaluation and reduction: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dee Mangin ◽  
Larkin Lamarche ◽  
Gina Agarwal ◽  
Hoan Linh Banh ◽  
Naomi Dore Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Pathway ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Polypharmacy in older adults can be associated with negative outcomes including falls, impaired cognition, reduced quality of life, and general and functional decline. It is not clear to what extent these are reversible if the number of medications is reduced. Primary care does not have a systematic approach for reducing inappropriate polypharmacy, and there are few, if any, approaches that account for the patient’s priorities and preferences. The primary objective of this study is to test the effect of TAPER (Team Approach to Polypharmacy Evaluation and Reduction), a structured operationalized clinical pathway focused on reducing inappropriate polypharmacy. TAPER integrates evidence tools for identifying potentially inappropriate medications, tapering, and monitoring guidance and explicit elicitation of patient priorities and preferences. We aim to determine the effect of TAPER on the number of medications (primary outcome) and health-related outcomes associated with polypharmacy in older adults. Methods We designed a multi-center randomized controlled trial, with the lead implementation site in Hamilton, Ontario. Older adults aged 70 years or older who are on five or more medications will be eligible to participate. A total of 360 participants will be recruited. Participants will be assigned to either the control or intervention arm. The intervention involves a comprehensive multidisciplinary medication review by pharmacists and physicians in partnership with patients. This review will be focused on reducing medication burden, with the assumption that this will reduce the risks and harms of polypharmacy. The control group is a wait list, and control patients will be given appointments for the TAPER intervention at a date after the final outcome assessment. All patients will be followed up and outcomes measured in both groups at baseline and 6 months. Discussion Our trial is unique in its design in that it aims to introduce an operationalized structured clinical pathway aimed to reduce polypharmacy in a primary care setting while at the same time recording patient’s goals and priorities for treatment. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT02942927. First registered on October 24, 2016.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ISI BUKU MATEMATIKA KURIKULUM 2013 SMP KELAS VIII SEMESTER 1 BERDASARKAN TAKSONOMI TIMSS

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Yuyun Evi Mawarni
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Curriculum ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Cognitive Reasoning ◽  
Content Domain ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Practice Questions ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

The purpose of this research was to determine the composition of the material and practice questions in the mathematics curriculum guide 2013 junior class VIII Semester 1 in terms of content and cognitive domain taxonomy based on TIMSS. This study was a content analysis study (content analysis). The results showed that the analysis of the presentation of the material in terms of the proportion of each content domain, domain algebra occupied the highest proportion with a percentage of 50%, the domain geometry with 33.33% while the percentage of domain data and opportunities with a percentage of 16.67% and there are no material including in the domain of numbers. Judging from the cognitive dimensions, applying knowing domain is (68.42%) and knowing is (21.05%) while the reasoning domain has the 10.53% (the lowest). For analytical presentation of questions in terms of the proportion of each dimension of the content, the material has a percentage of 60.64% algebra, geometry material has persetase 32.13% while the material data and the opportunity have a percentage of 7.23%. From the cognitive dimension to training issues were gained 36 reached the level of cognitive domain knowing 16.98%, 114 reached the level of cognitive domain applying  with 53.77% and 62 about already reached a level of cognitive reasoning domain with  29.25%

scholarly journals Priming Younger and Older Adults’ Sentence Comprehension: Insights from Dynamic Emotional Facial Expressions and Pupil Size Measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nella Carminati ◽  
Pia Knoeferle
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Positivity Effect ◽  
Positive Valence

Background: Prior visual-world research has demonstrated that emotional priming of spoken sentence processing is rapidly modulated by age. Older and younger participants saw two photographs of a positive and of a negative event side-by-side and listened to a spoken sentence about one of these events. Older adults’ fixations to the mentioned (positive) event were enhanced when the still photograph of a previously-inspected positive-valence speaker face was (vs. wasn’t) emotionally congruent with the event/sentence. By contrast, the younger adults exhibited such an enhancement with negative stimuli only. Objective: The first aim of the current study was to assess the replicability of these findings with dynamic face stimuli (unfolding from neutral to happy or sad). A second goal was to assess a key prediction made by socio-emotional selectivity theory, viz. that the positivity effect (a preference for positive information) displayed by older adults involves cognitive effort. Method: We conducted an eye-tracking visual-world experiment. Results: Most priming and age effects, including the positivity effects, replicated. However, against our expectations, the positive gaze preference in older adults did not co-vary with a standard measure of cognitive effort - increased pupil dilation. Instead, pupil size was significantly bigger when (both younger and older) adults processed negative than positive stimuli. Conclusion: These findings are in line with previous research on the relationship between positive gaze preferences and pupil dilation. We discuss both theoretical and methodological implications of these results.

scholarly journals Contact frequency and cognitive health among older adults in Israel

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1008-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Schwartz ◽  
Rabia Khalaila ◽  
Howard Litwin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Contact Frequency

scholarly journals Factors associated with elevated consumption of alcohol in older adults—comparison between China and Norway: the CLHLS and the HUNT Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e028646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Bei Wu ◽  
Kjerstin Tevik ◽  
Steinar Krokstad ◽  
AS Helvik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectivesThe primary objective was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with elevated alcohol consumption among older adults 65 years and above in China and Norway. The secondary objective was to compare the prevalence and factors in the two countries.DesignA secondary data analysis was conducted using two large cross-sectional studies (Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey data in 2008–2009 and Nord-Trøndelag Health Study data in 2006–2008).ParticipantsA total of 3223 (weighted) Chinese older adults and 6210 Norwegian older adults who responded drinking alcohol were included in the analysis.Outcome measuresThe dependent variable was elevated alcohol consumption, which was calculated as a ratio of those with elevated drinking among current drinkers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the dependent variable.ResultsThe prevalence of elevated alcohol consumption among current drinkers for the Chinese and Norwegian samples were 78.3% (weighted) and 5.1%, respectively. Being male was related to a higher likelihood of elevated alcohol consumption in both Chinese and Norwegian samples (OR=2.729, 95% CI 2.124 to 3.506, OR=2.638, 95% CI 1.942 to 3.585). Being older, with higher levels of education and a living spouse or partner were less likely to have elevated drinking in the Chinese sample (OR=0.497, 95% CI 0.312 to 0.794, OR=0.411, 95% CI 0.260 to 0.649, OR=0.533, 95% CI 0.417 to 0.682, respectively). Among Norwegian older adults, a higher level of education was related to higher likelihood of elevated drinking (OR=1.503, 95% CI 1.092 to 2.069, OR=3.020, 95% CI 2.185 to 4.175). Living in rural areas and higher life satisfaction were related to lower likelihood of elevated drinking in the Norwegian sample (OR=0.739, 95% CI 0.554 to 0.984, OR=0.844, 95% CI 0.729 to 0.977, respectively).ConclusionsThe elevated alcohol consumption patterns were strikingly different between China and Norway in regards to prevalence and socioeconomic distribution. To develop and implement culturally appropriate public health policies regarding alcohol in the future, public health policy makers and professionals need to be aware of the cultural differences and consider the demographic, social and economic characteristics of their intended population.

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