scholarly journals Unmet Needs and Behavioral Expressions: The Perspective of Individuals with Mild to Moderate Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 881-881
Author(s):  
Morgan Minyo ◽  
Katherine Judge
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Daily Living Activities ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Behavioral Expressions

Abstract Research examining the illness experience from the perspective of individuals with dementia (IWDs) has gained increased attention. Previous studies suggest many IWDs experience unmet needs and behaviors that can impact their well-being. Most research has assessed these constructs using caregiver proxy-reports, resulting in underestimation of the amount and type of unmet needs. Additionally, no published studies have assessed self-reported behavioral expressions. As part of a larger study conducted in a memory care unit, the current pilot study examined the reliability of these measures along with examining how IWD’s experienced unmet needs, behaviors, and behavioral distress. Results found that individuals with mild to moderate dementia (n=12) were able to provide reliable self-report data about their own unmet needs (∝=.96), unmet need-related distress (∝=.98), and behavioral expressions (∝=.91). Nearly all participants identified at least one unmet need (74.8%). The highest reported unmet needs concerned health information (75.0%) and findings/arranging services (41.7%). The least reported unmet needs concerned daily living activities (16.7%) and legal/financial services (33.2%). The highest unmet needs related-distress concerned emotional support (41.7%) and the least distressing concerned daily living activities (16.7%). The most frequently reported behaviors included agitation (66.7%) and complaining/criticizing things (58.3%) while the least reported behaviors were refusing to be left alone (8.3%) and yelling/swearing (8.3%). The highest behavioral distress reported was agitation (58.3%) while the least was wandering (8.3%). Discussion will highlight how these results fit within current literature, recommendations for future research in exploring these constructs using self-report methodology, and how well-being outcomes may be impacted.

Achieving Financial Inclusion for Persons With Disabilities: Exploring Preparedness and Accessibility of Financial Services for Persons With Disabilities in Malawi

2021 ◽  
pp. 104420732110275
Author(s):  
Alex Nester Jiya ◽  
Maxwell Peprah Opoku ◽  
William Nketsia ◽  
Joslin Alexei Dogbe ◽  
Josephine Nkrumah Adusei
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Persons With Disabilities

Deplorable living conditions among persons with disabilities and the need to improve their living conditions cannot be overemphasized. This has triggered international discussion on the need for deliberate social policies to bridge the poverty gap between persons with and without disabilities. In Malawi, expansion of financial services has been identified as an essential tool to accelerate economic and inclusive development. However, empirical studies are yet to explore the preparedness of financial institutions to extend their services to persons with disabilities. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers from commercial banks in Malawi to understand their perspectives on extending financial services to persons with disabilities. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and a descriptive thematic analysis was performed. Although participants reiterated the need to provide persons with disabilities with financial services to improve their well-being, few initiatives have been undertaken to improve their participation. Particularly, participants stated that barriers, such as a lack of financial literacy and adaptive technologies, communication barriers, and high rates of unemployment, explained the reluctance of commercial banks to extend financial services to persons with disabilities. The limitations, recommendations for future research, and implications of the study for policymaking have been highlighted.

Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in Dementia: construct and concurrent validity in patients with mild to moderate dementia

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Voigt-Radloff ◽  
Rainer Leonhart ◽  
Matthias Schützwohl ◽  
Luisa Jurjanz ◽  
Thomas Reuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Daily Living Activities ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACTBackground: The purpose of the study was to translate the Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in Dementia (IDDD) into German and to evaluate the construct and concurrent validity in people with mild to moderate dementia.Methods: IDDD data of two pooled samples (n = 301) were analyzed regarding ceiling and bottom effects, internal consistency, factor reliability and correlations with corresponding scales on cognition and activities of daily living.Results: We found minimal bottom (< 5%) and ceiling (≤ 2%) effects, good internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.7) and moderate to good factor reliability (0.66–0.87). Low correlations with cognition (Pearson coefficient: < 0.17) confirmed the differences between cognitive testing and activities of daily living (ADL). Minor correlations with other ADL scores (r < 0.2) indicated that different scores cover a different range of ADLs. The original two factor model could not be confirmed. A suggested four factor model distinguishing initiative and performance of basic and instrumental ADL demonstrated better indices of fit and higher correlations with corresponding scales.Conclusion: A four factor model of the IDDD can be used in dementia research for assessing initiative in and performance of basic and household activities of daily living. The findings suggest that ADL scales correlate only poorly and that further development of the IDDD is needed to cover a broader range of ADLs.

scholarly journals Screening Using the SDQ Total Difficulties Scale: An Analog Test of Three Cutoff Values

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L Renshaw
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Analog Test ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

This brief report presents an analog test of the relative classification validity of three cutoff values (CVs; 16, 18, and 20) derived from responses to the self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Total Difficulties Scale. Results from Bayesian t-tests, using several school-specific subjective well-being indicators as dependent variables, yielded evidence suggesting all CV models effectively differentiated between students with lower and higher levels of risk. Evidence also indicated that the lowest CV (16) was more effective than the higher CVs (18, 20) at identifying students with greater levels of risk, and that the higher CVs functioned comparably well. Implications for future research and practice are noted.

scholarly journals The newly revised interview for deteriorations in daily living activities in dementia (R-IDDD2): distinguishing initiative from performance at assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa M. Giebel ◽  
David Challis ◽  
Daniela Montaldi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Daily Living Activities ◽  
Mild Dementia ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACTBackground:Minimal evidence exists on the detailed deficits in complex instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in mild dementia. The aim of this study was twofold, to validate a revised questionnaire focusing measuring the initiative and performance of IADLs in mild dementia and to explore the relationship between individual IADLs and patient and carer well-being.Methods:A total of 183 carers of people with mild dementia completed a further modified Revised Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities 2 (R-IDDD2), which comprised new activities such as computer use, as well as sub-activities on the performance scale. Carers also completed questionnaires assessing patient quality of life (QoL-AD), carer quality of life (AC-QoL), and burden (GHQ-12).Results:Persons with dementia were significantly poorer initiating than performing cleaning, doing repair work, and preparing a hot or cold meal, whereas being poorer at performing dressing and following current affairs. Using the computer, preparing a hot meal, finance, and medication management were most impaired, whereas more basic activities of dressing, washing oneself, brushing hair or teeth, and preparing a hot drink were most preserved. Poor initiative and performance on nearly all activities were significantly related to reduced carer and patient well-being.Conclusions:The R-IDDD2 offers a platform to comprehensively assess everyday functioning. Deteriorations in initiative and performance need to be targeted separately in interventions, as the former requires effective triggering and the latter structured training and support. Most activities were significantly associated with well-being, particularly patient quality of life so that improving any activity should improve well-being.

scholarly journals Retirement Confidence: Development of an Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110357
Author(s):  
Eraj Ghafoori ◽  
Fernanda Mata ◽  
Kim Borg ◽  
Liam Smith ◽  
Debora Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Aggregation ◽  
Confidence Index ◽  
Financial Awareness

Older workers who are confident about the changes accompanying retirement report higher well-being. We have developed an index to measure retirement confidence – the Retirement Confidence Index (RCI). A six-stage approach was used to develop the index items, including (i) a literature review to catalogue retirement confidence components; (ii) a consultation with a panel of experts to review the proposed indicators and combine components according to their meaning; (iii) normalisation of the selected components to make them comparable; (iv) weighting of the top-level dimensions using experts’ judgement; (v) linear aggregation of the dimension scores according to their corresponding relative weight; and (vi) correlation of the composite score with a self-report measure of retirement confidence. Based on the review of the literature, a list of nine sub-components (financial literacy, financial attitude and behaviour, financial control, financial anxiety, physical health, mental health, social connectedness, goal setting for retirement and future uncertainties) was compiled. Subsequently, these components were grouped into four broad dimensions. Correlations between these dimensions (social, financial awareness and skills, health and well-being, and retirement awareness and planning dimensions) and the corresponding self-reported measures were as high as r = 0.555, r = 0.603, r = 0.591 and r = 0.569, reflecting 30.8%, 36.3%, 34.9% and 32.3% shared variance with the corresponding self-reported indices, respectively. The Retirement Confidence Index provides the foundation for future research to measure retirement confidence, with the aim of identifying deficient RCI dimensions and directing efforts to targeted policies to ensure older workers are confident about retirement.

scholarly journals The Effects of Group Music Therapy on Levels of Anxiety, Depression, Well-Being, Functional Disability, and Distress in Adult Congolese Refugees

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (Spring 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Group Music Therapy ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Refugees have a variety of mental health needs due to their experiences, including trauma, anxiety, and depression. Psychotherapy, one of the main modalities for treatment, presents limitations including language barriers and negative stigmas. Music therapy might help to overcome these limitations due to its reliance upon music, rather than verbal language, as the therapeutic medium, and due to music’s ubiquitous cultural prevalence. Music therapy has been shown to have positive effects on sleep quality, well- being, trauma symptoms, social function, and mood. Music therapy training and research results have demonstrated ways to connect with clients through music and overcome cross-cultural barriers. The objective of this case study was to determine the effects of group music therapy on levels of anxiety, depression, well-being, functional disability, and distress in two adult Congolese refugees. Further, the study explored the themes which the participants reported they preferred and were most likely to use on their own regarding the music interventions. A mixed-methods approach was used to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. The study involved eight weekly, one hour-long music therapy sessions following a protocol that included four themes: socialization, emotional expression, English-learning, and personalized use of music. Levels of anxiety, depression, well-being, and functional disability were assessed using psychometric tests before the first session, after the fourth session, and after the eighth session. The data found overall decreased levels of anxiety, depression, and distress, increased levels of well-being, and little change in level of functional disability. Prevalent themes from the self-report questionnaire were instrument playing, singing, listening, and the hello song. Conclusions and recommendations for future research are included.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Psychological Well-being with the Moderating Effects of Mindfulness: A Study of International Students in Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Tzu-Ping ◽  
Chang Wei-Wen
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

According to Ministry of Education of Taiwan, numbers of international students studying in Taiwan gradually increased. However, studies showed that their learning outcome is significantly influenced by their psychological well-being (PWB). Therefore, this study examines the factors affecting PWB. In this study, cultural intelligence (CQ) is seen as a potential predictor for PWB. CQ is defined as the ability to deal with different cultural context, and it includes four dimensions, namely cognitive CQ, metacognitive CQ, motivational CQ and behavioral CQ. Besides, as people pay more attention to unfamiliar exotic things when being abroad, their consciousness on the present moment, so-called mindfulness, plays an important role for their well-being. Therefore, mindfulness is examined as a moderator in the relationship between CQ and PWB. Quantitative approach is applied in this study. The samples are 110 international students studying in Taiwan. The self-report questionnaire composed by Ryff’s 18-item scale, Cultural Intelligence Scale and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale is distributed on-line. The collected data go through descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results show that metacognitive CQ and PWB has a significant relationship with an R2 of .231. Besides, motivational CQ is positive related to PWB with an R2 of .142. According to the statistic result of this study, future research can put efforts on how to enhance metacognitive and motivational CQ, like designing related cultural program courses before students’ departure, in order to better international students’ PWB.

scholarly journals Virtues, Resilience, and Well-Being of Indigenous Youth in Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abigail R. L. Bullock ◽  
B. Cameron Stumpf ◽  
Kelly B. T. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Citizenship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Indigenous Youth

Objectives: The objective of this study was to observe the relation of Values In Action (VIA) virtues, well-being, and resilience within a unique, non-Western population of Indigenous youth in the Peruvian Amazon. Methods: Data were collected from students (n = 172, age range: 11-16 years) attending a rural village school via self-report surveys to assess relationships using the VIA Youth-96 (VIA-Y-96) Assessment, Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI-A), and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28). Results: The factor analysis of the CYRM-28 yielded a 3-factor breakdown (Social Engagement, Cultural Citizenship, and Guidance) instead of eight. Different VIA virtues predicted each of the three factors of the revised 3-factor CYRM-21-Peru model (CYRM-21-P); Transcendence, Humanity, and Wisdom were predictors of well-being; and higher reported resilience leads to higher well-being. Most participants scored very high on the PWI-A. Implications: Research presented in this paper involved a unique population of Indigenous youth residing in the Peruvian Amazon, and found that (a) VIA virtues were differentially associated with well-being, (b) Humanity was a significant predictor across Cultural Citizenship and Social Engagement in the revised CYRM-21-P, and (c) higher resilience was correlated with higher well-being. Implications of this research can be used to inspire future research of Indigenous populations in a Latin American context to develop youth development programs that teach students from a strength-based perspective to improve vocational, academic, psychological, and social well-being.

Help me, I can’t afford it! Antecedents and consequence of risky indebtedness behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2223-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Diba M.A. Abrantes-Braga ◽  
Tânia Veludo-de-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Credit Access

Purpose This study aims to develop and test a parsimonious theoretical model of risky indebtedness behaviour, a facet of over-indebtedness that refers to the behavioural tendency of often assuming hazardous debt levels. Design/methodology/approach The authors administered an online survey to credit card owners (n = 1,288) in an emerging economy in which consumer credit is characterized by extremely high interest rates (i.e. Brazil). The authors used covariance-based structural equation modelling to analyse the data and test for mediation effects. Findings Individuals who inadvertently consider their credit limits a part of their current income or are typically anxious about money are prone to engage in impulsive buying and, consequently, risky indebtedness behaviour. By engaging in such indebtedness behaviour, individuals weaken their financial preparedness for emergencies, which potentially jeopardizes their overall financial well-being. Research limitations/implications As indebtedness is a highly sensitive issue, the self-report measures used may have produced social desirability bias. Practical implications This study discusses the responsibility of financial institutions to support consumers in building awareness on how to adequately use financial services and to provide credit access to high-risk consumers. Policymakers need to ensure that those in the private sector play fairly. Originality/value This study adds new knowledge about how destructive financial behaviours operate and impact marketing and consumers’ financial well-being. It theorizes about indebtedness by critically examining existing and newly developed concepts in the financial services marketing literature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document