scholarly journals Derailed by the COVID-19 Economy? Older Adults' Paid Work by Intersections of Age, Gender, Race-Ethnicity, and Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 500-500
Author(s):  
Phyllis Moen ◽  
Joseph Pedtke ◽  
Sarah Flood
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Hispanic Men ◽  
Level Shifts ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract This paper addresses the uneven employment effects on older Americans (Boomers and Genxers, ages 50-75) of the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on monthly CPS data from January through December 2020 (IPUMS) with an intersectional approach, we first chart shifts in employment and non-employment for population subgroups defined by age, gender and race/ethnicity, including explanations for not working (unemployment, retired, disabled, not in the workforce for other reasons – NILF-other). We then examine uneven transitions --monthly individual-level shifts out of and into paid work for population subgroups, considering also disparities by educational level. We find increases in proportions unemployed, especially for women in their 50s, as well as increases in the proportions reporting they are NILF-Other, especially for Asian and Hispanic women, with small increases for Asian and Hispanic men as well. There is little change in age-graded reports of being retired, regardless of gender or race/ethnicity, though there are education-level effects.

Neighborhood Privilege, Preterm Delivery, and Related Racial/Ethnic Disparities: An Intergenerational Application of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bina Patel Shrimali ◽  
Michelle Pearl ◽  
Deborah Karasek ◽  
Carolina Reid ◽  
Barbara Abrams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
White Women ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract We assessed whether early childhood and adulthood experiences of neighborhood privilege, measured by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), were associated with preterm delivery and related racial/ethnic disparities using intergenerationally linked birth records of 379,794 California-born primiparous mothers (born 1982–1997) and their infants (born 1997–2011). ICE measures during early childhood and adulthood approximated racial/ethnic and economic dimensions of neighborhood privilege and disadvantage separately (ICE-income, ICE-race/ethnicity) and in combination (ICE–income + race/ethnicity). Results of our generalized estimating equation models with robust standard errors showed associations for ICE-income and ICE–income + race/ethnicity. For example, ICE–income + race/ethnicity was associated with preterm delivery in both early childhood (relative risk (RR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.17) and adulthood (RR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.11). Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women had higher risk of preterm delivery than white women (RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.37; and RR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.14, respectively, adjusting for individual-level confounders). Adjustment for ICE–income + race/ethnicity at both time periods yielded the greatest declines in disparities (for non-Hispanic black women, RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.28; for Hispanic women, RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.09). Findings support independent effects of early childhood and adulthood neighborhood privilege on preterm delivery and related disparities.

State-Level Sexism and Women’s Health Care Access in the United States: Differences by Race/Ethnicity, 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e10
Author(s):  
Kristen Schorpp Rapp ◽  
Vanessa V. Volpe ◽  
Hannah Neukrug
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barriers To Health Care ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Barriers To Health

Objectives. To quantify racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between state-level sexism and barriers to health care access among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women in the United States. Methods. We merged a multidimensional state-level sexism index compiled from administrative data with the national Consumer Survey of Health Care Access (2014–2019; n = 10 898) to test associations between exposure to state-level sexism and barriers to access, availability, and affordability of health care. Results. Greater exposure to state-level sexism was associated with more barriers to health care access among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women, but not non-Hispanic White women. Affordability barriers (cost of medical bills, health insurance, prescriptions, and tests) appeared to drive these associations. More frequent need for care exacerbated the relationship between state-level sexism and barriers to care for Hispanic women. Conclusions. The relationship between state-level sexism and women’s barriers to health care access differs by race/ethnicity and frequency of needing care. Public Health Implications. State-level policies may be used strategically to promote health care equity at the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 2, 2021: e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306455 )

scholarly journals Factors Determining Income among Real Estate Salespersons: The Impacts of Individual Conditions, Franchises, and Regular Chains

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Chun-Chang Lee ◽  
Cheng-Huang Tung ◽  
Yu-Heng Lee ◽  
Shu-Man You
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Regular Chains

<p>This study explores the factors that affect the incomes of real estate salespersons by applying hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to investigate the incomes of real estate salespersons in Kaohsiung. A total of 510 questionnaires were distributed to large chain housing agencies, of which a total of 319 effective samples were retrieved from 54 branch stores, for an effective return rate of 62.55%. The empirical results showed that individual incomes vary significantly from store to store. About 4.8% of the variation in individual incomes was due to differences among different branch stores. The individual income of a real estate salesperson is also significantly affected by individual-level factors such as age, working hours, and working experience. The marginal impact of education level, age, working hours, and working experience on real estate salesperson income is moderated by the type of store at which the given salesperson works. In addition, a branch store’s location has a direct, significant, and positive impact on a real estate salesperson’s income.</p>

scholarly journals Externalities of home-ownership on entrepreneurship: empirical evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani-Petri Laamanen
Keyword(s):  
Home Ownership ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Rental Housing Market

PurposeThis study aims to examine the externalities from regional home-ownership to individual-level entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThe paper links individual-level data from the Finnish Income Distribution Statistics for years 1990-1992 to regional home-ownership proportions. Probit models of entrepreneurship with regional home-ownership and appropriate control variables as regressors are estimated. A rental housing market deregulation experiment which caused exogenous variation in regions’ home-ownership is exploited to identify the causal effects on entrepreneurship.FindingsResults show that higher home-ownership in a region leads to greater entrepreneurship. Further analyses together with the fact that homeownership tends to have detrimental labour market effects suggest that homeownership encourages entrepreneurship by leading to less paid work opportunities. These results are in line with those of earlier literature that self-employment and entrepreneurship, especially during bad economic times, are partly motivated by bad employment opportunities.Originality/valueThis study presents novel results on the externalities that home-ownership has on entrepreneurship. These externalities are shown to be important enough that they need to be considered when assessing the economic effects of various policies that affect the prevalence of owner-occupied housing. The instrumental variables’ estimates are the first causal estimates in the literature and the bias resulting from assuming exogeneity is shown to be nonnegligible.

scholarly journals Intake of Seafood in the US Varies by Age, Income, and Education Level but Not by Race-Ethnicity

Nutrients ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 6060-6075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jahns ◽  
Susan Raatz ◽  
LuAnn Johnson ◽  
Sibylle Kranz ◽  
Jeffrey Silverstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Education Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER (PJK) DI DESA PANDES TASIKMADU KARANGNYAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diyono Diyono ◽  
Nisma Ayu Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Village

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is still the leading cause of death in Indonesia. The bestmanagement of CHD is primary prevention, but not many people who do well with a widevariety of factors that influence. Objective: (1) know the description of prevention ofcoronary heart disease (2) Analyze the factors that affect the prevention of coronary heartdisease, including age, education level, and the level of knowledge of the CHD disease.Method: analytical research correlational. Subjects 65 people in the village PandesTasikamadu Karanganyar. Samples taken purposive sampling. Data were analyzed withMultiple Linear Regression Test using SPSS 18.Results: (1) In general, respondents are already doing prevention of coronary heartdisease as well with an average value of 22.85. (2) Age (p = 0.474) and educational level(p = 498) did not significantly influence the prevention of coronary heart disease (3) Thelevel of knowledge and perception of coronary heart disease significantly influence theprevention of coronary heart disease (4) perceptions of coronary heart disease is themost influential factor towards the prevention of coronary heart disease (p = 0.001; β =0.665). Conclusions: factors that influence the prevention of coronary heart disease is thelevel of knowledge (p = 0.015) and perception (p = 0.001).Keywords: Coronary Heart Disease, Age, Education Level, Knowledge

scholarly journals Associations between individual and couple-level minority stressors and relationship stress in queer women’s interracial/interethnic couple relationships

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Veldhuis
Keyword(s):  
Couple Relationships ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Childhood Stress ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Relationship Outcomes ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Interethnic Relationships ◽  
Excess Stress

Intimate relationships provide protections against excess stress. Little research has investigated this in same-sex/gender couples, and particularly interracial/interethnic same-sex/gender couples. In a sample of N = 215 women in same-sex/gender couple relationships, 43% if whom were in interracial/interethnic relationships, we examined differences in general stressors and both individual- and couple-level minority stressors. Women in interracial/interethnic couple relationships reported higher levels of individual-level childhood stress, microaggressions, stress related to race/ethnicity, and couple-level expectations and stereotypes. We also examined the associations between stressors and relationship outcomes and whether these associations differed comparing women in monoracial and interracial/interethnic couple relationships. We found multiple sources of general stressors and individual- and couple-level stressors that were associated with poorer relationship outcomes but found few differences by whether couples were monoracial or interracial/interethnic. Our findings have implications for couple-level interventions and highlight the importance of taking intersectional approaches to research on same-sex couples, as well as the importance of examining multiple sources and levels of stress.

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