Inter- and Intra-racial Differences in Pain and Performance-Based Function in Older Adults With Osteoarthritis

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) contributes to movement-evoked pain, impaired function and mobility, and reduced quality of life among older adults. Assessment of pain has not traditionally considered the dynamic changes that occur with gross motor movement, and thus self-reports of pain often reflect static or resting pain. This case-control pilot study examined inter- and intra-racial differences in movement-evoked pain and performance-based function in older adults (N= 28) with knee OA. Cases consisted of Blacks and Whites with OA; controls included Blacks without OA. The Biodex Pro System 4, an isokinetic and isometric dynamometer commonly used in rehabilitative medicine, measured knee muscle function. Pain intensity was assessed pre-, ante-, and post- completion of 2 repetition sets of five alternating knee flexion and extension maximum voluntary contractions at angular velocities of 90° (greater resistance) and 180° (lower resistance). Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance with Bonferroni correction identified statistically significant differences in pain for within- and between-subjects at 90° and 180°. Pain increased during the repetitions and decreased after completion of both repetition sets; this non-linear relationship was significant (p= .004). One-way ANOVA demonstrated peak torque (extension), a muscle’s maximum strength capability, was significantly higher in White cases and Blacks controls compared to Blacks cases. Novel findings revealed that baseline pain is much higher and functional performance is significantly lower in Blacks with OA compared to White cases and Black controls. This research advances precision pain measurement and our understanding of the biological mechanisms uniquely involved in the experience of knee OA and mobility.

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Abstract 15980: Effects of a Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training Program in Diabetes Patients a Randomized Controlled Trial

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.15980 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Bassi ◽

Vivian M Arakelian ◽

Renata G Mendes ◽

Flavia C Caruso ◽

José C Bonjorno Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

The Impact

Background: The prevalence of diabetes have increased globally to epidemic proportions; glycemic control and treatment remains a challenge. Concurrent aerobic and resistance training programs (CART) have been widely recommended as an important strategy to improve physiologic and functional performance. Objective: The impact of CART programs on metabolic profile, glycemic control and exercise capacity status in patients with diabetes requires additional study, which is the primary aim of the current study. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 41 patients (15 female and 19 male, 50.8±7 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes. The subjects were randomized in two groups: sedentary group (SG) and CART group (CART-G). CART was performed 12 weeks, 3 times a week for approximately 1 hour per session (30 minutes aerobic and 30 minutes resistance). Body habitus was assessed by body mass index, waist circumference, and skinfolds. Peripheral muscular strength was evaluated by an isokinetic dynamometer and pulmonary gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath, using a portable telemetric system during maximal incremental exercise testing on a cycle ergometer. Statistical analysis included Shapiro-Wilk test follow by ANOVA two way repeated measures. Results: We observed a decrease in HbA1c (8.1±1.6 to 7.3±1.2%), cholesterol (198.38.1±50.3 to 186.8±35.1 mg/dL) and HOMA IR (6.4±6.8 to 5.0±1.4) in the CART-G compared to the SG. There was no significant difference in fasting plasma glucose. Although body weight did not significantly change after training, skinfold measurements indicated decreased body fat in the CART-G only. CART significantly enhanced muscle strength (p<0.05) (peak torque: 135.5±4 to 159.7±47.7 N.m) compared to the SG (Peak torque: 145.3±47.9 to 143±42.2 N.m). CART was also associated with a significant increase in peak oxygen consumption, from 22.9±6.1 to 27.2±4.7 ml•kg –1 •min –1 compared to the SG, from 21.7±4.5 to 21±3.3 ml•kg –1 •min –1 as well as the maximal workload (124.6±29.1 to 149.9±29 watts) compared to the SG (123.6±36.9 to 122.1±32.9 watts). Conclusion: We concluded that CART is an important intervention strategy, producing both physiologic and functional improvements, in patients with diabetes.

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The Effects of Training the Humeral Rotators on Arm Elevation in the Scapular Plane

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.10.2.79 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 79-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chris J Durall ◽

George J Davies ◽

Thomas W Kernozek ◽

Mark H Gibson ◽

Dennis CW Fater ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Control Group ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Angular Velocities ◽

Arm Elevation ◽

The Impact ◽

Scapular Plane

Context:It has been hypothesized that the fibers of the infraspinatus and subscapularis superior to the glenohumeral axis of rotation contribute directly to arm elevation.Objective:To test this hypothesis by assessing the impact of 5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training in a modified neutral position on scapular-plane arm-elevation peak torque.Design:Prospective, pretest/posttest with control group.Participants:24 female and 6 male noninjured college students (N = 30).Main Outcome Measures:Scapular-plane-elevation peak torque at 60, 180, and 300°/s.Results:Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated no difference in peak torque between groups at any of the angular velocities tested (P< .05)Conclusions:5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training did not significantly increase scapular-plane-elevation peak torque.

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Cognitive Correlates of Functional Performance in Older Adults: Comparison of Self-Report, Direct Observation, and Performance-Based Measures

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617711000865 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (05) ◽

pp. 853-864 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe ◽

Carolyn Parsey ◽

Diane J. Cook

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Direct Observation ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Self Report ◽

Cognitive Correlates ◽

And Performance

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Examination of a Clinical method of Assessing Postural Control during a Functional Performance Task

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.8.3.171 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 171-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Bryan L. Riemann ◽

Nancy A. Caggiano ◽

Scott M. Lephart

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Performance Task ◽

Clinical Method ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Group 2 ◽

And Performance ◽

Group 1

Postural control and functional performance tests are often used separately during orthopedic postinjury assessments. The purpose of this investigation was to examine a clinical method of assessing postural control during a functional performance task. Thirty participants were divided into two groups. The first group was tested three times, the second group only once. The same tester evaluated each participant's performance during all testing sessions, and during the first two testing sessions (Group 1) two additional testers evaluated each performance. Intraclass correlational coefficients between the three testers ranged from .70 to .92. Session 1 (Group 1) scores were pooled with Group 2 scores, and correlational analyses were conducted between participant height and performance; no significant relationships were revealed. The scores from Group 1 were analyzed using between-days repeated-measures ANOVAs. Results revealed significant improvement between Sessions 1 and 3 for the static portion of the test. The results suggest that the multiple single-leg hop-stabilization test offers a method of assessing postural control during a functional performance task.

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Bilateral torque asymmetry analysis of lower limbs of active and insufficiently active older adults

Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior ◽

10.20338/bjmb.v14i2.162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 62-72

Author(s):

Milena Razuk ◽

Juliana Canuto Lorete ◽

Leonardo Araujo Vieira ◽

Natalia Madalena Rinaldi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Angular Velocity ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Mean Power ◽

Ankle Joints ◽

Angular Velocities ◽

The Mean ◽

Hip Extension

BACKGROUND:Physical activity is an important tool for positively impacting physical, cognitive, and social aspects and is linked to the capacity to develop muscle strength and power. However, no studies have observed the effects of physical activity on the bilateral torque asymmetry at different movement velocities in older adults. AIM:Investigate the effects of different angular velocities on bilateral torque asymmetry for hip, knee, and ankle joints in active and insufficiently active older adults. METHOD:Forty-four older adults were distributed into two groups: active and insufficiently active. An isokinetic dynamometer was used. The tests consisted of maximal concentric contractions of hip, knee, and ankle flexors and extensors at velocities of 60º/s and 120º/s. The variables were asymmetry of peak torque and of mean power. RESULTS:Results showed greater asymmetry in hip extension and ankle flexion for peak torque and mean power, as well as increased asymmetry in flexion movement at the higher angular velocity compared with the lower angular velocity for the mean power. Furthermore, there were no differences in asymmetry between groups. CONCLUSION:The conclusion of the present study was that older adults showed similar behavior for bilateral torque asymmetry, regardless of the level of physical activity.

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Effects of Aging on the Subcortical Encoding of Stop Consonants

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-19-00044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 391-403

Author(s):

Dania Rishiq ◽

Ashley Harkrider ◽

Cary Springer ◽

Mark Hedrick

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽

Aging Effects ◽

Formant Frequency ◽

Place Of Articulation ◽

Second Formant ◽

Effects Of Aging

Purpose The main purpose of this study was to evaluate aging effects on the predominantly subcortical (brainstem) encoding of the second-formant frequency transition, an essential acoustic cue for perceiving place of articulation. Method Synthetic consonant–vowel syllables varying in second-formant onset frequency (i.e., /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ stimuli) were used to elicit speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABRs) in 16 young adults ( M age = 21 years) and 11 older adults ( M age = 59 years). Repeated-measures mixed-model analyses of variance were performed on the latencies and amplitudes of the speech-ABR peaks. Fixed factors were phoneme (repeated measures on three levels: /b/ vs. /d/ vs. /g/) and age (two levels: young vs. older). Results Speech-ABR differences were observed between the two groups (young vs. older adults). Specifically, older listeners showed generalized amplitude reductions for onset and major peaks. Significant Phoneme × Group interactions were not observed. Conclusions Results showed aging effects in speech-ABR amplitudes that may reflect diminished subcortical encoding of consonants in older listeners. These aging effects were not phoneme dependent as observed using the statistical methods of this study.

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I Like Myself, I Really Do (at Least Right Now)

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 196-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Almut Rudolph ◽

Michela Schröder-Abé ◽

Astrid Schütz

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Performance Feedback ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Social Feedback ◽

Student Sample ◽

Empirically Supported ◽

Good Internal Consistency ◽

And Performance ◽

Induced Changes

Abstract. In five studies, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a revised German version of the State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES; Heatherton & Polivy, 1991 ). In Study 1, the results of a confirmatory factor analysis on the original scale revealed poor model fit and poor construct validity in a student sample that resembled those in the literature; thus, a revised 15-item version was developed (i.e., the SSES-R) and thoroughly validated. Study 2 showed a valid three-factor structure (Performance, Social, and Appearance) and good internal consistency of the SSES-R. Correlations between subscales of trait and state SE empirically supported the scale’s construct validity. Temporal stability and intrapersonal sensitivity of the scale to naturally occurring events were investigated in Study 3. Intrapersonal sensitivity of the scale to experimentally induced changes in state SE was uncovered in Study 4 via social feedback (acceptance vs. rejection) and performance feedback (positive vs. negative). In Study 5, the scale’s interpersonal sensitivity was confirmed by comparing depressed and healthy individuals. Finally, the usefulness of the SSES-R was demonstrated by assessing SE instability as calculated from repeated measures of state SE.

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Probability-Based and Measurement-Related Hypotheses With Full Restriction for Investigations by Means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Methodology ◽

10.1027/1614-2241/a000033 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 157-164

Author(s):

Karl Schweizer

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Latent Variable ◽

Model Fit ◽

Repeated Measures Data ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

And Performance

Probability-based and measurement-related hypotheses for confirmatory factor analysis of repeated-measures data are investigated. Such hypotheses comprise precise assumptions concerning the relationships among the true components associated with the levels of the design or the items of the measure. Measurement-related hypotheses concentrate on the assumed processes, as, for example, transformation and memory processes, and represent treatment-dependent differences in processing. In contrast, probability-based hypotheses provide the opportunity to consider probabilities as outcome predictions that summarize the effects of various influences. The prediction of performance guided by inexact cues serves as an example. In the empirical part of this paper probability-based and measurement-related hypotheses are applied to working-memory data. Latent variables according to both hypotheses contribute to a good model fit. The best model fit is achieved for the model including latent variables that represented serial cognitive processing and performance according to inexact cues in combination with a latent variable for subsidiary processes.

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