scholarly journals Building and Using Data Resources for Research on Job Characteristics, Health, and Retirement

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 231-231
Author(s):  
Amanda Sonnega ◽  
Gwen Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Job Complexity ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Longitudinal Measurement ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Occupational Information Network ◽  
Using Data

Abstract A growing literature seeks to understand the relationship between the experience of work and important later-life outcomes. Rich longitudinal measurement of both sides of this equation in datasets such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) have made this research possible. These data take the form of self-reported experiences of work (such as physical demands, job flexibility, job satisfaction etc.). Increasingly, researchers are looking to add potentially complementary information on the work environment available in the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database through a linkage using occupation and industry codes in the survey data. The session talks will describe research conducted using O*NET linked with HRS data as well as ongoing work to create a new data resource that will allow other researchers to undertake research with O*NET-HRS linked data. Each presentation will include some discussion of both the value and limits of using the linkage to O*NET. Carpenter will provide a detailed description a new project linking the 2019 O*NET data to the HRS for public use.This presentation explains the types of variables that will be made available in the O*NET-HRS occupation project and will provide examples for how the measures can be used in longitudinal HRS studies. Using O*NET-HRS linked data, Carr will present on work examining the role of preretirement job complexity in alternative retirement paths and cognitive performance. Helppie-McFall will used the linked data to discuss the role of mismatch between demands of work and workers’ ability to meet those demands in retirement decisions.

The Importance of School Attendance: Findings From the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development on the Life-Course Effects of Truancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rocque ◽  
Wesley G. Jennings ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Turgut Ozkan ◽  
David P. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Childhood Risk Factors ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

School dropout has been extensively studied in the literature as a correlate of negative life outcomes. A precursor to school dropout is truancy, the unexcused or illegitimate student absence from school. Few studies have examined the relationship between truancy and involvement in crime and adjustment more generally over the life-course. This study extends previous work by exploring whether truancy at age 12 to 14 is related to later life outcomes such as crime, aggression, and adjustment using data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. Results indicate that truancy has long-lasting associations with negative life outcomes, especially for non-violent crime and problem drinking. Importantly, these findings hold for certain outcomes controlling for a comprehensive host of environmental and individual childhood risk factors.

Cardiometabolic Risk and Cognitive Decline: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Childhood and Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Oi ◽  
Steven Haas
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Socioeconomic conditions in childhood predict cognitive functioning in later life. It is unclear whether poor childhood socioeconomic status (SES) also predicts the acceleration of cognitive decline. One proposed pathway is via cardiometabolic risk, which has been linked to both childhood SES and earlier onset of cognitive impairment. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examine the impact of childhood SES on cognitive trajectories over six years and test whether it operates through increased cardiometabolic risk and adult SES. We find that higher childhood SES leads to slower cognitive decline, partially due to lower levels of cardiometabolic risk. However, these pathways operate entirely through adult socioeconomic attainment. The results have important implications for future trends in cognitive population health within the context of growing social inequality and reduced social mobility.

Later Life Outcomes, Turning Points, and Desistance

2019 ◽  
pp. 204-244
Author(s):  
David M. Day ◽  
Margit Wiesner
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Science Models ◽  
Desistance From Crime ◽  
Key Terms

Prior reviews of the criminal trajectory literature mostly excluded findings on the relation of criminal trajectory groups to later life outcomes, turning points, and desistance. To set the stage for the review of this literature, the chapter first draws on the broader literature to define key terms, such as desistance and turning points, and to describe influential theories of desistance from crime and empirical findings. It is argued that criminal trajectory research needs to better integrate with these independent strands of research to advance the understanding of desisting offender trajectory groups. The chapter also details how emerging, innovative methodological approaches for the examination of turning point effects can help strengthen future criminal trajectory research on these issues. Next, the findings of criminal trajectory studies on later life outcomes and desistance are reviewed. Future research needs are identified to move the field forward. Last, the chapter seeks to make the case for a programmatic agenda that ties criminal trajectory research to developmental science models of intentional self-regulation across the life span, such as tripartite Selection, Optimization, and Compensation theory from Paul Baltes, to help explore the role of human agency in the development of crime.

Does adolescent self-esteem predict later life outcomes? A test of the causal role of self-esteem

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Boden ◽  
David M. Fergusson ◽  
L. John Horwood
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Relationship Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between self-esteem in adolescence and later mental health, substance use, and life and relationship outcomes in adulthood. The investigation analyzed data from a birth cohort of approximately 1,000 New Zealand young adults studied to the age of 25. Lower levels of self-esteem at age 15 were associated with greater risks of mental health problems, substance dependence, and lower levels of life and relationship satisfaction at ages 18, 21, and 25. Adjustment for potentially confounding factors reduced the strength of these associations to either moderate or statistically nonsignificant levels. It was concluded that the effects of self-esteem during adolescence on later developmental outcomes were weak, and largely explained by the psychosocial context within which self-esteem develops.

scholarly journals Coping Mechanisms and Resilience in Later Life: The Role of Family and Friendship Ties in Diverse Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 579-579
Author(s):  
Feinian Chen ◽  
Rashmi Gupta ◽  
Zhenmei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Using Data

Abstract The papers in this symposium explore different aspects of social ties and how they act as critical coping mechanisms in the face of negative circumstances in later life. Using data from diverse settings, including China, Singapore, and the U.S., these papers underscore the importance of strong family and friendship ties, as they offer older adults with strong protection against social isolation and adverse health outcomes. Gupta and Pilai explore the similarity and differences in coping strategies/resilience among a diverse group of 30 U.S. older adults. Results point to the saliency of support from friends, regardless of race/ethnicity. Visaria addresses the relationship between the expression of loneliness and objective measures of social networks among older adults in Singapore. The findings shed light on how meaningful companionship and desired social connection offer powerful buffers against isolation in later life. Ruan and Chen explore which types of social ties offer the strongest protection when Chinese older adults are coping with the aftermath of negative life events. Findings point to the need to look beyond filial obligations and to consider the interplay among various forms of social support, including family, friends and the broader community. Zhang et al. examine the role of family and friendship ties in a rural Chinese community where many older adults were left behind by migrant children. The results suggest that those who are isolated from friends experience more depressive symptoms while those with close-knit friendship ties are the most resilient.

Mapping Conceptual Variation through A Thesaurus of Old English and Evoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 442-456
Author(s):  
Fahad Khan ◽  
Javier E. Díaz-Vera ◽  
Francisco Javier Minaya Gómez ◽  
Rafael Cruz González ◽  
Monica Monachini
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Semantic Description ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Conceptual Variation

Abstract The topic of figurative language in Old English (OE) has recently become the focus of substantial research. In this article, the authors will describe work on the semantic description of the lexicon of shame words in OE and in particular the taxonomical organisation of this lexicon on the basis of different kinds of semantic mappings (metonymic, metaphorical). Next, they will explore the use of the Evoke platform as a means of visualising and navigating this lexicon and show how it can be used to enrich A Thesaurus of Old English (TOE). The authors also describe ongoing work on the modelling and publication of this data as a linked data resource consisting of a lexicon and a taxonomy in SKOS of different kinds of metaphoric/metonymic sense shifts.

scholarly journals Household changes and diversity in housing consumption at older ages in Scotland

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCESCA FIORI ◽  
ELSPETH GRAHAM ◽  
ZHIQIANG FENG
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Housing Consumption ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Scottish Population ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Union Transitions ◽  
Household Changes

ABSTRACTThis paper contributes to understanding housing adjustments in later life by investigating the role of four key lifecourse transitions experienced by older individuals and their households, namely changes in health, retirement, union transitions and adult children leaving the household. Using data from a representative sample of the Scottish population for the decade 2001–2011, the study examines who moves and, for movers, whether they adjust their housing size in response to changes in their personal and household circumstances. In particular, the study explores diversity in housing consumption at older ages by investigating whether the triggers of upsizing or downsizing differ across tenure groups. The majority of older adults in Scotland do not change their place of residence during the study decade. For the minority who do move, all four lifecourse transitions are significant triggers for residential relocation but there is considerable diversity across the two major tenure groups in the influence of household changes on their housing consumption adjustments. In both tenure groups, however, the presence of children in the household is associated with upsizing and is a significant impediment to downsizing. Given the relative rootedness of older parents with co-resident adult children and their propensity to upsize rather than downsize if they move, our findings raise concerns over the interdependencies between younger and older generations in the housing market.

Why Young Boys Stumble: Early Tracking, Age and Gender Bias in the German School System

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Jürges ◽  
Kerstin Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Grade Retention ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
German School ◽  
Actual Choice ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

AbstractAfter primary school, German pupils are given a secondary school track recommendation. This recommendation and the actual track choice are strongly associated with later life outcomes. Using data from the German PISA 2000 extension study, we analyze the effect of relative age on track recommendations and actual choice. Younger pupils and boys are less likely to be recommended to and enrolled in the academic track (Gymnasium), the most attractive track in terms of later life outcomes. Flexible enrollment and grade retention partly offset these effects. We find no convincing evidence that postponing the recommendation by lengthening primary school by 2 years reduces the age or gender bias.

scholarly journals REDUCING THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD MISFORTUNE: THE ROLE OF ADULT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON LATER OBESITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S57-S57
Author(s):  
Kenneth F Ferraro ◽  
Madison R Sauerteig ◽  
Monica M Williams-Farrelly
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Activity Frequency ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract This study investigates the effects of childhood misfortune and adult physical activity on later-life body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. We use ordinary least squares regression to examine the impact of childhood misfortune (30 indicators), and adult physical activity (frequency and intensity) on waist circumference and BMI (kg/m²) using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N=5,732). Results emphasize that experiencing childhood misfortune is associated with a larger waist circumference and BMI in later life, while adjusting for social status and lifestyle variables. Adjusting for adult physical activity decreases the effect of childhood misfortune on waist circumference, suggesting mediation. The analysis reveals that the effects of childhood misfortune on BMI and abdominal adiposity are remediable. Although childhood misfortune is associated with larger waist circumference and BMI in later life, regular physical activity reduces the risk on both indicators of obesity.

scholarly journals The Role of Socioeconomic Inequalities In Transitioning to Neurocognitive Disorders in English Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 719-720
Author(s):  
Aswathikutty Gireesh ◽  
Amanda Sacker ◽  
Anne McMunn ◽  
Dorina Cadar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
English Population ◽  
Using Data

Abstract The association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and dementia is well studied. However, scant attention has been given to the relationship with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), often considered a transient state between normal cognition and dementia. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of various SEP markers such as education and wealth on transitioning to MCI and dementia over a four-year period using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a national representative sample of the English population aged 50+. We ascertained MCI and dementia over four years, using a validated algorithm based on physician diagnosis and lower cognitive performance (1 standard deviation below the mean) on multiple standardised tests adjusted for age and education. A Multistate Markov survival model was utilised to investigate whether different SEP markers increased the risk of specific transitions between normal cognitive performance and MCI or dementia, with the latter being considered an absorbing state. During the study period, a quarter of participants progressed to MCI from the normal state. Being in the lowest quintile of wealth was associated with a lower probability of transitioning back to a normal cognitive state from MCI, compared with those in the highest quintile. Greater wealth was weakly associated with a lower risk of transitioning from normal cognitive state to MCI and from MCI to dementia. The overall results imply that socioeconomic advantage might be protective against rapid progression from mild to more severe neurocognitive disorders such as dementia in later life.

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