The Role of Socioeconomic Inequalities In Transitioning to Neurocognitive Disorders in English Population

Abstract The association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and dementia is well studied. However, scant attention has been given to the relationship with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), often considered a transient state between normal cognition and dementia. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of various SEP markers such as education and wealth on transitioning to MCI and dementia over a four-year period using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a national representative sample of the English population aged 50+. We ascertained MCI and dementia over four years, using a validated algorithm based on physician diagnosis and lower cognitive performance (1 standard deviation below the mean) on multiple standardised tests adjusted for age and education. A Multistate Markov survival model was utilised to investigate whether different SEP markers increased the risk of specific transitions between normal cognitive performance and MCI or dementia, with the latter being considered an absorbing state. During the study period, a quarter of participants progressed to MCI from the normal state. Being in the lowest quintile of wealth was associated with a lower probability of transitioning back to a normal cognitive state from MCI, compared with those in the highest quintile. Greater wealth was weakly associated with a lower risk of transitioning from normal cognitive state to MCI and from MCI to dementia. The overall results imply that socioeconomic advantage might be protective against rapid progression from mild to more severe neurocognitive disorders such as dementia in later life.

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Cardiometabolic Risk and Cognitive Decline: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Childhood and Adulthood

Journal of Health and Social Behavior ◽

10.1177/0022146519867924 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 326-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Katsuya Oi ◽

Steven Haas

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Later Life ◽

Socioeconomic Attainment ◽

Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Retirement Study

Socioeconomic conditions in childhood predict cognitive functioning in later life. It is unclear whether poor childhood socioeconomic status (SES) also predicts the acceleration of cognitive decline. One proposed pathway is via cardiometabolic risk, which has been linked to both childhood SES and earlier onset of cognitive impairment. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examine the impact of childhood SES on cognitive trajectories over six years and test whether it operates through increased cardiometabolic risk and adult SES. We find that higher childhood SES leads to slower cognitive decline, partially due to lower levels of cardiometabolic risk. However, these pathways operate entirely through adult socioeconomic attainment. The results have important implications for future trends in cognitive population health within the context of growing social inequality and reduced social mobility.

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Coping Mechanisms and Resilience in Later Life: The Role of Family and Friendship Ties in Diverse Settings

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1928 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 579-579

Author(s):

Feinian Chen ◽

Rashmi Gupta ◽

Zhenmei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Social Ties ◽

Later Life ◽

Coping Mechanisms ◽

Migrant Children ◽

Chinese Older Adults ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes ◽

The Face ◽

Using Data

Abstract The papers in this symposium explore different aspects of social ties and how they act as critical coping mechanisms in the face of negative circumstances in later life. Using data from diverse settings, including China, Singapore, and the U.S., these papers underscore the importance of strong family and friendship ties, as they offer older adults with strong protection against social isolation and adverse health outcomes. Gupta and Pilai explore the similarity and differences in coping strategies/resilience among a diverse group of 30 U.S. older adults. Results point to the saliency of support from friends, regardless of race/ethnicity. Visaria addresses the relationship between the expression of loneliness and objective measures of social networks among older adults in Singapore. The findings shed light on how meaningful companionship and desired social connection offer powerful buffers against isolation in later life. Ruan and Chen explore which types of social ties offer the strongest protection when Chinese older adults are coping with the aftermath of negative life events. Findings point to the need to look beyond filial obligations and to consider the interplay among various forms of social support, including family, friends and the broader community. Zhang et al. examine the role of family and friendship ties in a rural Chinese community where many older adults were left behind by migrant children. The results suggest that those who are isolated from friends experience more depressive symptoms while those with close-knit friendship ties are the most resilient.

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The Mediating Role of SES on the Relationship between Pregnancy History and Later Life Cognition

10.1101/2021.09.29.21264303 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Averi J. Giudicessi ◽

Ursula G. Saelzler ◽

Aladdin H. Shadyab ◽

Alexander Ivan B. Posis ◽

Erin Sundermann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Large Population ◽

Later Life ◽

Learning Task ◽

Education Level ◽

Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe association of pregnancy with later life cognition is not well understood. Few studies address the potential confounding role of socioeconomic factors on this relationship. We examined whether pregnancy was associated with cognitive function in a large, population-based sample of post-menopausal women and the potential mediating effects of education level and federal income-to-poverty ratio (PIR) on this relationship.MethodsParticipants were 1,016 post-menopausal women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We utilized data from two study waves between years 2011-2014. Cognitive functioning was evaluated by: Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Animal Fluency (AF), Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease CERAD word learning task (CERAD-WL) and CERAD delayed recall (CERAD-DR). Lifetime education level and federal income-to-poverty ratio (PIR) were examined as mediating factors. Regression models were used to examine the relationship between number of term pregnancies and incomplete pregnancies and cognitive performance.ResultsA greater number of term pregnancies was related to worse performance on the DSST (p < .001), CERAD-DR (p < .007), and AF (p < .03). Conversely, greater incomplete pregnancies related to better CERAD-DR performance (p < .03). Significant associations between term pregnancies and cognitive scores were mediated by PIR but not education level.ConclusionsHigher number of term pregnancies was associated with worse cognitive performance, whereas higher number of incomplete pregnancies was associated with better cognitive performance. Results indicate the necessity to consider SES factors when studying the relationship between pregnancy and cognition.

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Building and Using Data Resources for Research on Job Characteristics, Health, and Retirement

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 231-231

Author(s):

Amanda Sonnega ◽

Gwen Fisher

Keyword(s):

Linked Data ◽

Later Life ◽

Life Outcomes ◽

Job Complexity ◽

Data Resource ◽

Longitudinal Measurement ◽

Ongoing Work ◽

Occupational Information Network ◽

Using Data

Abstract A growing literature seeks to understand the relationship between the experience of work and important later-life outcomes. Rich longitudinal measurement of both sides of this equation in datasets such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) have made this research possible. These data take the form of self-reported experiences of work (such as physical demands, job flexibility, job satisfaction etc.). Increasingly, researchers are looking to add potentially complementary information on the work environment available in the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database through a linkage using occupation and industry codes in the survey data. The session talks will describe research conducted using O*NET linked with HRS data as well as ongoing work to create a new data resource that will allow other researchers to undertake research with O*NET-HRS linked data. Each presentation will include some discussion of both the value and limits of using the linkage to O*NET. Carpenter will provide a detailed description a new project linking the 2019 O*NET data to the HRS for public use.This presentation explains the types of variables that will be made available in the O*NET-HRS occupation project and will provide examples for how the measures can be used in longitudinal HRS studies. Using O*NET-HRS linked data, Carr will present on work examining the role of preretirement job complexity in alternative retirement paths and cognitive performance. Helppie-McFall will used the linked data to discuss the role of mismatch between demands of work and workers’ ability to meet those demands in retirement decisions.

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Household changes and diversity in housing consumption at older ages in Scotland

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x17000873 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 161-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

FRANCESCA FIORI ◽

ELSPETH GRAHAM ◽

ZHIQIANG FENG

Keyword(s):

Adult Children ◽

Later Life ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Housing Consumption ◽

Older Parents ◽

Scottish Population ◽

Using Data ◽

Union Transitions ◽

Household Changes

ABSTRACTThis paper contributes to understanding housing adjustments in later life by investigating the role of four key lifecourse transitions experienced by older individuals and their households, namely changes in health, retirement, union transitions and adult children leaving the household. Using data from a representative sample of the Scottish population for the decade 2001–2011, the study examines who moves and, for movers, whether they adjust their housing size in response to changes in their personal and household circumstances. In particular, the study explores diversity in housing consumption at older ages by investigating whether the triggers of upsizing or downsizing differ across tenure groups. The majority of older adults in Scotland do not change their place of residence during the study decade. For the minority who do move, all four lifecourse transitions are significant triggers for residential relocation but there is considerable diversity across the two major tenure groups in the influence of household changes on their housing consumption adjustments. In both tenure groups, however, the presence of children in the household is associated with upsizing and is a significant impediment to downsizing. Given the relative rootedness of older parents with co-resident adult children and their propensity to upsize rather than downsize if they move, our findings raise concerns over the interdependencies between younger and older generations in the housing market.

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REDUCING THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD MISFORTUNE: THE ROLE OF ADULT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON LATER OBESITY

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S57-S57

Author(s):

Kenneth F Ferraro ◽

Madison R Sauerteig ◽

Monica M Williams-Farrelly

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Later Life ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Activity Frequency ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Retirement Study

Abstract This study investigates the effects of childhood misfortune and adult physical activity on later-life body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. We use ordinary least squares regression to examine the impact of childhood misfortune (30 indicators), and adult physical activity (frequency and intensity) on waist circumference and BMI (kg/m²) using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N=5,732). Results emphasize that experiencing childhood misfortune is associated with a larger waist circumference and BMI in later life, while adjusting for social status and lifestyle variables. Adjusting for adult physical activity decreases the effect of childhood misfortune on waist circumference, suggesting mediation. The analysis reveals that the effects of childhood misfortune on BMI and abdominal adiposity are remediable. Although childhood misfortune is associated with larger waist circumference and BMI in later life, regular physical activity reduces the risk on both indicators of obesity.

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Early Life Conditions, Adulthood Experiences, and Edentulism at Older Ages

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2900 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 800-800

Author(s):

Haena Lee ◽

Linda Waite

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Later Life ◽

Adult Health ◽

Growing Up ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Childhood Conditions ◽

Early Life Conditions ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

Abstract The role of childhood in shaping overall adult health has been well documented, especially for physical and mental health, but much less is known about the impact of early disadvantage on oral health in later life. Using data from the 2006 and 2012 Health and Retirement Study, we investigate the link between childhood financial and psychosocial adversity and edentulism over a six-year period among U.S. adults aged 51 and older. We find that those growing up with parents with fewer resources face higher risks of having lost all their tooth at baseline and during the follow-up. Adulthood socioeconomic status and health behaviors are strongly associated with the risk of edentulism, net of childhood conditions. However, the effect of low parental resources on the onset of edentulism persists when accounting for these life course factors. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Oral Health Interest Group.

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Investigating the Relationship Between IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 Concentrations and Later-Life Cognition and Brain Volume

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab121 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Antoine Salzmann ◽

Sarah-Naomi James ◽

Dylan M Williams ◽

Marcus Richards ◽

Dorina Cadar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Processing Speed ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Later Life ◽

Hippocampal Volume ◽

White Matter Hyperintensity ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Cognitive State ◽

Igf I ◽

Using Data ◽

Igfbp 3

Abstract Background The insulin/insulin-like signaling (IIS) pathways, including insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), vary with age. However, their association with late-life cognition and neuroimaging parameters is not well characterized. Methods Using data from the British 1946 birth cohort, we investigated associations of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3; measured at 53 and 60-64 years of age) with cognitive performance [word-learning test (WLT) and visual letter search (VLS) at 60-64 years and 69 years of age] and cognitive state [Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Exam III (ACE-III) at 69-71 years of age], and in a proportion, quantified neuroimaging measures [whole brain volume (WBV), white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), hippocampal volume (HV)]. Regression models included adjustments for demographic, lifestyle, and health factors. Results Higher IGF-I and IGF-II at 53 years of age was associated with higher ACE-III scores [ß 0.07 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.02, 0.12); scoreACE-III 89.48 (88.86, 90.1), respectively). IGF-II at 53 years of age was additionally associated with higher WLT scores [scoreWLT 20 (19.35, 20.65)]. IGFBP-3 at 60 to 64 years of age was associated with favorable VLS score at 60 to 64 and 69 years of age [ß 0.07 (0.01, 0.12); ß 0.07 (0.02, 0.12), respectively], higher memory and cognitive state at 69 years of age [ß 0.07 (0.01, 0.12); ß 0.07 (0.01, 0.13), respectively], and reduced WMHV [ß −0.1 (−0.21, −0.00)]. IGF-I/IGFBP-3 at 60 to 64 years of was associated with lower VLS scores at 69 years of age [ß −0.08 (−0.15, −0.02)]. Conclusions Increased measure in IIS parameters (IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3) relate to better cognitive state in later life. There were apparent associations with specific cognitive domains (IGF-II relating to memory; IGFBP-3 relating to memory, processing speed, and WMHV; and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio related to slower processing speed). IGFs and IGFBP-3 are associated with favorable cognitive function outcomes.

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Investigating the relationship between IGF-I, -II and IGFBP-3 concentrations and later-life cognition and brain volume

10.1101/2020.10.09.20209833 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Antoine Salzmann ◽

Sarah-Naomi James ◽

Dylan M. Williams ◽

Marcus Richards ◽

Dorina Cadar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Processing Speed ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Later Life ◽

Hippocampal Volume ◽

White Matter Hyperintensity ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Cognitive State ◽

Igf I ◽

Using Data ◽

Igfbp 3

AbstractBackgroundThe insulin/insulin-like signalling (IIS) pathways, including Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs), varies with age. However, their association with late-life cognition and neuroimaging parameters is not well characterised.MethodsUsing data from the British 1946 birth cohort we investigated associations of IGF-I, -II and IGFBP-3 (measured at 53 and 60-64 years) with cognitive performance (word learning test (WLT) and visual letter search (VLS) – at 60-64y and 69y) and cognitive state (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Exam-III (ACE-III) - at 69-71y), and in a proportion, quantified neuroimaging measures (whole brain volume (WBV); white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV); hippocampal volume (HV)). Regression models included adjustments for demographic, lifestyle and health factors.ResultsHigher IGF-I and IGF-II at 53y was associated with higher ACE-III scores (ß 0.07 95%CI [0.02,0.12]; scoreACE-III 89.48 [88.86,90.1], respectively). IGF-II at age 53y was additionally associated with higher WLT scores (scoreWLT 20 [19.35,20.65]). IGFBP-3 at 60-64y was associated with favourable VLS score at 60-64y and 69y (ß 0.07 [0.01,0.12]; ß 0.07 [0.02,0.12], respectively), higher memory and cognitive state at 69y (ß 0.07 [0.01,0.12]; ß 0.07 [0.01,0.13], respectively) and reduced WMHV (ß −0.1, [-0.21,-0.00]). IGF-I/IGFBP-3 at 60-64y was associated with slower VLS scores at 69y (ß −0.08, [-0.15,-0.02]).ConclusionsIncreased measure in IIS parameters (IGF-I, -II and IGFBP-3) relate to better cognitive state in later life. Furthermore, there were apparent associations with specific cognitive domains (IGF-II relating to memory; IGFBP-3 to memory, processing speed and WMHV; and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio with slower processing speed). IGFs and IGFBP-3 are associated with favourable cognitive function outcomes.

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INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK MENGGUNAKAN METODE ROLE PLAY DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA

EDURELIGIA; JURNAL PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM ◽

10.33650/edureligia.v2i1.234 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 52-63

Author(s):

Ansori Ansori

Keyword(s):

Data Reduction ◽

Role Play ◽

Learning Goals ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Learning Materials ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Flexible Schedule ◽

Using Data ◽

Real Action

The use of various methods will greatly help students in achieving learning goals. As role play method is one way mastery of learning materials through the development of imagination and appreciation of students on learning materials. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. To analyze the data in this research using data analysis technique of Miles and Huberman model that is data reduction (Data Reduction), data presentation (Data Display) and conclusion (Conclution Drawing / verification) The findings in this research is innovation of role play method can change paradigm to the new paradigm so that the role of the teacher is more as a facilitator, counselor, consultant, and comrade study Flexible schedule, open as needed Learning directed by students themselves Problem-based, project, real world, real action, and reflection Design and investigation. Computers as tools, and dynamic media presentations.

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