scholarly journals Using O*NET Linkages to Advance Research: An Example Evaluating Cognitive Function and Work Transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 231-231
Author(s):  
Dawn Carr
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract The type of work older adults engage in has potential to play a key role in shaping health and wellbeing. In this presentation, using data drawn from an O*NET crosswalk linked with the Health and Retirement Study, I show how different types of transitions out of the workforce shapes cognitive function differently for individuals retiring from different types of occupations. Based on a factor analysis of 36 job-related abilities, activities, and contexts, this paper shows that retirement has a more significant consequence for cognitive function for those who retire from jobs with low levels of cognitive complexity, but no significant consequences for those who retire from jobs with high levels of cognitive complexity. I discuss these results in the context of the ways in which O*NET classifications of jobs can provide critical insights into the potential influence of changing retirement trajectories on wellbeing in later life.

Cardiometabolic Risk and Cognitive Decline: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Childhood and Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Oi ◽  
Steven Haas
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Socioeconomic conditions in childhood predict cognitive functioning in later life. It is unclear whether poor childhood socioeconomic status (SES) also predicts the acceleration of cognitive decline. One proposed pathway is via cardiometabolic risk, which has been linked to both childhood SES and earlier onset of cognitive impairment. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examine the impact of childhood SES on cognitive trajectories over six years and test whether it operates through increased cardiometabolic risk and adult SES. We find that higher childhood SES leads to slower cognitive decline, partially due to lower levels of cardiometabolic risk. However, these pathways operate entirely through adult socioeconomic attainment. The results have important implications for future trends in cognitive population health within the context of growing social inequality and reduced social mobility.

scholarly journals Effects of the Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Tooth Loss on Cognitive Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
Chenxin Tan ◽  
Brenda Plassman ◽  
Frank Sloan ◽  
Mark Schwartz ◽  
Samrachana Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Additive Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Poor Cognition ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Using data from the 2006, 2012, and 2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, we estimated effects of co-occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and complete tooth loss (CTL), both self-reported, on cognitive function among 10,816 adults age 50+. Cognitive function was measured using a shortened version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Results from the fixed effects linear regression model show that in comparison to those with neither condition, adults having both DM and CTL had the worst cognitive function (b = 1.49, p < 0.001), followed by having CTL alone (b = 0.78, p < 0.001), and having DM alone (b = 0.42, p < 0.001). Our study suggests that CTL is a stronger risk factor for lower cognitive function than DM, and the co-occurrence of DM and CTL poses additive risk. Further research is needed to investigate the pathway from DM and CTL to poor cognition.

Driving and psychiatric illness in later life

2020 ◽  
pp. 893-906
Author(s):  
Desmond O’Neill ◽  
Mark J. Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Older People ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Road Testing

Access to transportation, and in particular to driving, is possibly more important in later life for the maintenance of health and wellbeing than at earlier stages of life. Those involved with the care of older people with psychiatric illness need to routinely inquire about driving and transportation, and to develop routines of assessment and care that appropriately balance transportation needs and public safety. The increasing research evidence base favours a functional approach with emphasis on behaviour and judgment, collateral history, a broad view of cognitive function, and a low-threshold for on-road testing for those with the early stages of dementia. In addition, initiating planning for transportation for when driving is no longer possible is recommended.

scholarly journals AGING-RELATED CHANGES IN MENTAL, PHYSICAL, AND COGNITIVE HEALTH: THE IMPACT OF THE RETIREMENT TRANSITION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S798-S798
Author(s):  
Robert S Stawski ◽  
Kelly D Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Retirement Transition ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Retirement is an important transition in later life, associated with changes in social roles. It is unclear, however, whether the retirement transition modifies aging-related changes in mental, physical, and cognitive health. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examined changes in depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and memory prior to, at, and after the retirement transition among 6,830 participants (Ages=50-97, 58% female) assessed biennially up to 10 times from 1992-2010. Preliminary results indicate a sudden and significant increase in depressive symptoms and decreases in self-rated health and memory at the transition to retirement (ps<.05). These effects increased among individuals retiring at older ages (ps<.01). Further, aging-related increases in depressive symptomatology became faster after retirement (p<.01). Aging-related decreases in self-rated health and memory were unchanged by the transition. Discussion will focus on the contribution of transitions to understanding trajectories of mental, physical, and cognitive health in later life.

The Implications of Providing Grandchild Care for Grandparents’ Marital Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2476-2501
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Wang ◽  
Jan E. Mutchler
Keyword(s):  
Marital Quality ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Grandparent Caregivers ◽  
Grandchild Care ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Marital Strain ◽  
Retirement Study

This study distinguished among types of grandchild care (i.e., co-residence, high and low levels of babysitting, and no care), and examined their associations with grandparents’ marital quality. The sample consisted of 7,267 married grandparents aged 40 years and over from the 2008, 2010, and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Providing grandchild care generally undermined grandparents’ marital quality; however, different types of grandchild care affected different aspects of marital quality. The negative effects of providing grandchild care were more pronounced among grandmothers than grandfathers. Grandmothers providing high-level babysitting care were at especially higher risk of experiencing marital strain among the caregiver groups. Findings suggest that providing grandchild care appears to be more of a stressor than a source of reward with respect to shaping grandparents’ marital quality. Sensitivity to such impact on marital quality may be usefully incorporated into developing supports and services meant for grandparent caregivers.

scholarly journals Distribution patterns of polyphenols and alkaloids in instant coffee, soft and energy drinks, and tea

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 483-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Manchón ◽  
L. Mateo-Vivaracho ◽  
D. Arrigo M ◽  
A. García-Lafuente ◽  
E. Guillamón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Tea ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Instant Coffee ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

A previously developed method of HPLC-DAD-Fl has been used for the determination of phytochemical profiles in different types of drinks: instant coffee, soft drinks, energy drinks, and different types of tea (green, white, black, and red tea). Using data on the concentrations of 20 main phytochemicals (phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavones, and alkaloids) it was possible to identify most of the sample types. Chlorogenic and caffeic acids, and caffeine are the main target compounds in instant coffee; in soft and energy drinks, only caffeine was found. Tea has a more complex phytochemical composition. Unfermented tea is mainly composed of flavan-3-ols and alkaloids, with a high caffeine concentration. Black tea is composed of alkaloids and low levels of flavan-3-ols, which are affected by oxidative reactions during the fermentation. Flavonols are present in lower concentrations in all kinds of teas. The identified phytochemical distribution patterns were used to correctly differentiate instant coffee, soft drinks, energy drinks, unfermented tea and fermented tea (within fermented tea, black tea from red tea can also be differentiated).

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Attitudes Toward Aging and Its Longitudinal Impact on Psychological Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
Eun Young Choi ◽  
Yujin Franco ◽  
Elizabeth Zelinski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Individuals with negative attitudes towards own aging (ATOA) experience worse psychological health in later life. At the intersection of sexism and ageism, women are likely to have greater concerns about growing older and hold more negative views of aging than their men counterparts. However, the impact of gender on the relationship between ATOA and psychological health is unclear. Moving forward, the current study aims to examine 1) gender differences in longitudinal changes in ATOA and 2) whether gender moderates the association of ATOA with cognitive function and depressive symptoms. Using three waves (2008, 2012, and 2016) from the Health and Retirement Study, a total of 6,675 adults aged 50+ (60% female) were analyzed. A series of multilevel growth curve analyses were performed to investigate the 8-year changes in ATOA and within- and between-person effects of ATOA on cognitive function and depressive symptoms. The models controlled for demographic, socio-economic, and physical health characteristics. Women had more negative ATOA at baseline compared to men, but not in rates of change. When levels of ATOA were more negative, both cognitive performance and depressive symptoms were poorer over time between individuals as well as within-person. We found that the detrimental effects of negative ATOA on depressive symptoms were stronger for women, but there were no significant gender differences in relation to cognitive functioning. Our findings demonstrated that women view aging more unfavorably than men, and the effects of endorsing negative ATOA are more pronounced on women’s mental health.

scholarly journals REDUCING THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD MISFORTUNE: THE ROLE OF ADULT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON LATER OBESITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S57-S57
Author(s):  
Kenneth F Ferraro ◽  
Madison R Sauerteig ◽  
Monica M Williams-Farrelly
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Activity Frequency ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract This study investigates the effects of childhood misfortune and adult physical activity on later-life body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. We use ordinary least squares regression to examine the impact of childhood misfortune (30 indicators), and adult physical activity (frequency and intensity) on waist circumference and BMI (kg/m²) using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N=5,732). Results emphasize that experiencing childhood misfortune is associated with a larger waist circumference and BMI in later life, while adjusting for social status and lifestyle variables. Adjusting for adult physical activity decreases the effect of childhood misfortune on waist circumference, suggesting mediation. The analysis reveals that the effects of childhood misfortune on BMI and abdominal adiposity are remediable. Although childhood misfortune is associated with larger waist circumference and BMI in later life, regular physical activity reduces the risk on both indicators of obesity.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR CURRENT POLICIES TO EXTEND WORKING LIVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S820-S820
Author(s):  
Debra A Street ◽  
Debra A Street
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Political Landscapes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Life Work

Abstract Current policy debates fluctuate between “extending working life” and “delaying retirement”—assuming policies that reflect different conceptual approaches are identical. This presentation uses a different analytic strategy, conceptualizing later life work policies as representing distinctive approaches to consideration of work conditions/income security for older workers. Using data from over 30 countries, I discuss main trends in extended working life policies (mainly in the EU) and the gender and health implications for current and future workers. We find that policies committed to “extending working life”—supporting adequate/meaningful employment for later life work—are enacted rarely, but with potentially positive effects for the health and wellbeing of older workers of either gender. However, “delaying retirement” policies, which dominate the political landscapes of most of the country-specific policies we consider, reproduce or exacerbate gender inequalities and health risks for vulnerable older workers.

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