scholarly journals Distribution patterns of polyphenols and alkaloids in instant coffee, soft and energy drinks, and tea

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 483-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Manchón ◽  
L. Mateo-Vivaracho ◽  
D. Arrigo M ◽  
A. García-Lafuente ◽  
E. Guillamón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Tea ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Instant Coffee ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

A previously developed method of HPLC-DAD-Fl has been used for the determination of phytochemical profiles in different types of drinks: instant coffee, soft drinks, energy drinks, and different types of tea (green, white, black, and red tea). Using data on the concentrations of 20 main phytochemicals (phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavones, and alkaloids) it was possible to identify most of the sample types. Chlorogenic and caffeic acids, and caffeine are the main target compounds in instant coffee; in soft and energy drinks, only caffeine was found. Tea has a more complex phytochemical composition. Unfermented tea is mainly composed of flavan-3-ols and alkaloids, with a high caffeine concentration. Black tea is composed of alkaloids and low levels of flavan-3-ols, which are affected by oxidative reactions during the fermentation. Flavonols are present in lower concentrations in all kinds of teas. The identified phytochemical distribution patterns were used to correctly differentiate instant coffee, soft drinks, energy drinks, unfermented tea and fermented tea (within fermented tea, black tea from red tea can also be differentiated).

scholarly journals Distribution Patterns of Grasshoppers and Their Kin in the Boreal Zone

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Boreal Zone ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain Steppes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
North Western

The distribution patterns of Orthoptera are described for the boreal zone. The boreal fauna of Eurasia includes more than 81 species. Many of them are widely distributed. The monotypic genusParacyphoderrisStorozhenko and at least 13 species are endemics or subendemics. About 50 species are known from boreal North America. Four endemic species are distributed very locally. Relationships between the faunas of the Eurasian and North American parts of the boreal zone are relatively weak. The boreal assemblages are usually characterized by the low levels of species diversity and abundance. Grasshoppers and their relatives occupy almost exclusively open habitats, such as different types of meadows, mountain steppes and tundras, clearings, openings, bogs, and stony flood plains. The local endemics and subendemics are found only in some habitats of the eastern part of Eurasia and the north-western part of North America. Retrospective and prospective of the boreal fauna of Orthoptera are also discussed.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric determining of caffeine content in the selection of teas, soft and energy drinks available on the Croatian market

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
N. Vuletic ◽  
L. Bardic ◽  
R. Odzak
Keyword(s):  
Black Tea ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Caffeine Concentration ◽  
Beverage Samples ◽  
Caffeine Content ◽  
Carbonated Soft Drinks ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed to determine concentrations of caffeine in the samples of the selected brands of teas, soft carbonated and energy drinks that are commercially available on the Croatian market. Quantitative analysis of caffeine content in the chosen beverage samples was done with UV/Vis spectrophotometric method. Chloroform was used as the solvent and concentrations of caffeine were measured at the wavelength of 274 nm for three samples of each of the selected beverages. Among the analyzed tea samples the highest caffeine concentration was found in Franck's Black Tea (1471.021 ppm) and the lowest in Naturavita's Green Tea with Ginger (588.138 ppm). Between the analyzed carbonated soft drinks, the highest caffeine concentration was measured in Fresh Cola (136.036 ppm) and the lowest in Sky Cola (48.198 ppm). The highest caffeine concentration in the analyzed energy drink samples was measured in Hell energy drink (394.670 ppm) while the lowest was in Coca Cola Energy drink (173.574 ppm). The results of this study gave preliminary information about caffeine levels in often consumed teas, carbonated soft drinks and energy drinks in Croatia. The caffeine content in the analyzed teas and drink samples in this study was under the allowed one except for Red Bull and Hell.

scholarly journals Quick and simultaneous determination of caffeine and taurine in beverages using UPLC-ESI-MS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Mohd Aftab Alam ◽  
Rayan Saud Al-Arifi ◽  
Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Qarni ◽  
Abdullah Shaya Al-Dosseri ◽  
Fahad Ibrahim Al-Jenoobi
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Cone Voltage ◽  
Esi Ms

A rapid UPLC-ESI-MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of caffeine and taurine in beverages (energy drinks and soft drinks). The molecular ions of caffeine and taurine were identified in single ion recording mode at m/z 194.98 and 125.86, respectively. The mass spectrometer parameters were optimized as: capillary voltage 3.0 kV, cone voltage 35 V, extractor 3 V, RF Lens 0.1 V, source temperature 150 °C, desolvation temperature 350 °C, nitrogen 600 L/h, LMR1 7.9, HMR1 15.2, IE1 0.30. The mobile phase comprising methanol (0.1% formic acid) (A) and water (5 mM ammonium acetate) (B) was used in gradient mode. The mobile phase components A and B were pumped in 80:20 (v:v) ratio from 0-0.44 min, and then 100% of component A was pumped between 0.45-0.68 min, and at 0.69 min the composition was returned to 80:20 (v:v) ratio of A and B till 2.0 min. Caffeine and taurine were eluted at 0.46 and 0.43 min, respectively. The samples of energy drinks and soft drinks were diluted in a solvent system comprising methanol and water in 80:20 (v:v) ratio. Our investigations showed that soft drinks SD1 and SD2 have 88.8±4.2% and 110.7±3.6% (w:w) caffeine of their labeled claim. The caffeine content in energy drink brands ED1, ED2, ED3, and ED4 was 76.9±2.5, 65.6±3.4, 88.1±12.6, and 89.1±2.8% (w:w) of labeled claims, respectively. While taurine content in ED1, ED2, ED3, and ED4 was 86.5±8.4, 81.3±27.5, 101.9±4.8, and 97.1±0.3% (w:w) of labeled claim, respectively.

scholarly journals Using O*NET Linkages to Advance Research: An Example Evaluating Cognitive Function and Work Transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 231-231
Author(s):  
Dawn Carr
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract The type of work older adults engage in has potential to play a key role in shaping health and wellbeing. In this presentation, using data drawn from an O*NET crosswalk linked with the Health and Retirement Study, I show how different types of transitions out of the workforce shapes cognitive function differently for individuals retiring from different types of occupations. Based on a factor analysis of 36 job-related abilities, activities, and contexts, this paper shows that retirement has a more significant consequence for cognitive function for those who retire from jobs with low levels of cognitive complexity, but no significant consequences for those who retire from jobs with high levels of cognitive complexity. I discuss these results in the context of the ways in which O*NET classifications of jobs can provide critical insights into the potential influence of changing retirement trajectories on wellbeing in later life.

scholarly journals Rapid High-Performance Liquide Chromatographic Method for Quantitative Determination of Caffeine in Different Soft and Energy Drinks Available in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1081-1089
Author(s):  
Juthi Mirza ◽  
Masuda Sultana ◽  
Md. Esrafil ◽  
Shamoli Akter ◽  
Md. Jahangir Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Caffeine Content ◽  
And Control

Caffeine is one of the commonly used food additives, which has unique flavor characteristics and bitter taste and used in soft drinks as flavor enhancer. An experimental study was designed to determine the concentration of caffeine in different brands of soft drinks and energy drinks available in Bangladesh by using HPLC. For chromatographic analysis, A Luna 5 C18 (2) 100A column (250×4.6 mm) was used at 37°C temperature at the wavelength of 272nm. Chromatographic separation was determined using buffer of sodium acetate and acetic acid with acetonitrile at a ratio of 80:20 (pH=4.0; flow rate of 1.0 ml/min). The results of this study showed that caffeine content in soft drinks ranged from 19.63 to 101.73 mg/100ml and highest concentration of caffeine found in brand 3 samples while lowest concentration found in brand 2 samples. Significantly higher concentration of caffeine (p<0.05) found in six soft drinks sample when compared to BSTI and FDA reference value except brand 2 sample (p>0.05). Quantification of caffeine in different brands of energy drink sample revealed that, four brand sample contained caffeine; among them brand 3 sample showed the highest levels of caffeine 295.86 mg/100ml and lowest amount found in brand 1 sample (101.74 mg/100ml). Concentration of Caffeine in soft and energy drinks exceeded the national and international standard recommended range hence this proposed HPLC method can be used for routine determination and control of caffeine content in different drinks.

scholarly journals Pulsation in pre-main sequence stars

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29B) ◽  
pp. 552-559
Author(s):  
Konstanze Zwintz
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
Using Data

AbstractAsteroseismology has been proven to be a successful tool to unravel details of the internal structure for different types of stars in various stages of evolution well after birth. We can now show that it has similar power for pre-main sequence (pre-MS) objects. Pre-MS stars with masses between ~1 and 6 solar masses that have recently been formed and gain their energy mainly from gravitational contraction can become vibrationally unstable during their evolution to the main sequence. Within the past ~15 years, several dozens of pulsating pre-MS stars were discovered using data obtained from ground and from space. Depending on their masses, pre-MS stars can show three different types of pulsations: (i) δ Scuti type p-mode pulsations, (ii) γ Doradus like g-mode oscillations and (iii) g-mode Slowly Pulsating B star pulsations.Our asteroseismic investigations yielded new insights into the connection between the pulsations and early stellar evolution: We revealed a relation between the stars' oscillatory behavior and their relative evolutionary stages that might lead us to a model-independent determination of the stars' fundamental parameters. With this we will be able to put constraints on theoretical models and help to answer some of the yet open questions in early stellar evolution.

scholarly journals Inorganic chemical analysis of plant tissue: possibilities and limitations.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456
Author(s):  
V.J.G. Houba ◽  
I. Novozamsky ◽  
J.J. van der Lee
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Inorganic Chemical ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Inorganic Components

The variability of analytical results for determination of 23 inorganic components in different plant materials was evaluated, using data obtained over the last 5 years of an extensive (on the average 120 participants) bimonthly collaborative interlaboratory study. In particular, the relation between content level and coefficient of variation (CV) was examined. Usually, a constant CV value was found at high content levels, with a sharp increase in CV at low levels. The precision found for N, P, K, Ca, Cl, Mg, Zn and nitrate was high enough (CV < 20%) to yield reasonably comparable content values. Comparison of analytical results for B, Cu, Fe, Cd, Mn and Na, may be difficult, since about 20% CV was already reached at the levels usually present in plant material. The analytical results for Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, S, Se and sulphate varied considerably, irrespective of the content level, which means that comparable results are very hard to produce with these components. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Determination of Caffeine in Beverages Found in Bangladeshi Market by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-666
Author(s):  
G. M. M. Anwarul Hasan ◽  
Anuj Kumer Das
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Caffeine Content

Caffeine, a phycostimulant is present in several foods and drinks.In the present study, beverages of different brands in Bangladeshi market were analyzed for caffeine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using methanol-water (40:60, v/v) as mobile phase. Caffeine content ranged from 16.33 -19.33 mg/can in soft drinks and 45.66-47.33 mg/can in energy drinks respectively. These data indicated that the levels of caffeine in Bangladeshi soft drinks and energy drinks are within the ranges reported from similar products in other countries.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

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