scholarly journals LOW-INCOME OLDER POPULATIONS OF CALIFORNIA AND TEXAS: GROWING CHALLENGES FOR STATE HEALTH POLICIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 855-855
Author(s):  
J.L. Angel ◽  
R.J. Angel ◽  
S. Caldera
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
State Health ◽  
Older Populations

State health policies and interest in PrEP: evidence from Google Trends

AIDS Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bita Fayaz Farkhad ◽  
Mohammadreza Nazari ◽  
Man-pui Sally Chan ◽  
Dolores Albarracín
Keyword(s):  
Google Trends ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
State Health

scholarly journals Maternal mode of living and child health

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane L.G. Dytz ◽  
Semíramis M. M. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
And Child Health

ln this article, maternal mode of living is investigated, examining both socioeconomic conditions and lifestyle factors, in order to identify to what extent health policies are tangibly meeting the needs of low income Brazilian mothers and children. Data are derived from unstructured interviews with 17 mothers with children underage 6, residing in the Federal District, Brazil. Their stories reveal a life marked by economic difficulties and inadequate living conditions, aggravated by early reproductive behavior, confinement to the home and no leisure. Although they have access to primary health care, the quality is inadequate. Increased awareness to the mother's situation is necessary in order to improve the health of young children.

scholarly journals Health Inequalities in Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Parish Level Study in the Northern Region of Portugal

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Leao ◽  
Julian Perelman ◽  
Manuela Felício ◽  
Vasco Machado ◽  
Graça Lima
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Ecological Correlation

Introduction: Diabetes and hypertension are highly prevalent conditions in Portugal. Little is known about the geographical and social patterning of these diseases, which precludes the design of targeted health policies. This study aimed to measure the geographical and socioeconomic distribution of type 2 diabetes and hypertension prevalence in the population resident in the Northern region of Portugal, for the year 2013.Material and Methods: An ecological correlation study analyzed the 2,028 parishes of the region. Prevalence data were obtained from the Regional Health Administration information system. Socioeconomic data were also obtained from this administrative database and from the 2011 national census. The association between each socioeconomic indicator and age-standardized prevalence was measured using the difference in prevalence, population attributable risk, relative inequality index, and regression coefficient.Results: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension was 6.16% and 19.35%, respectively, and varied across parishes. These prevalences were significantly associated with low educational level, low tertiary sector weight, unemployment, and low-income rate (with prevalence differences between the most and least advantaged deciles up to 1.3% and 5.3%, respectively). Socioeconomic factors accounted for up to 20% of prevalence.Discussion: This study design did not allow us to evaluate causality and it may underestimate these diseases prevalence or its association with socioeconomic factors, but its results are in line with the evidence from other countries.Conclusion: These results emphasize the socioeconomic and geographical patterning of major diseases associated with a high mortality, and the need of health policies targeting the most deprived parishes.

scholarly journals Oral Health Policy making Challenges in Iran: A Qualitative Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadtaghi Mohammadpour ◽  
Peivand Bastani ◽  
Arash Ghanbarzadegan ◽  
Jamshid Bahmaei
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Oral Health Policy

Abstract Background: As the strategies proposed for oral health improvement in developed countries do not adapt for the setting of the developing ones, this study aimed to identify the challenges of oral health policy implementation in Iran as a low-income developing country. Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted in 2019 in Iran as a middle-eastern developing country. The study population consisted of all the experts who had enough experience in the oral health and were willing to participate in the study. Snowball sampling was used to select 12 participants for semi-structured interviews and saturation was achieved after 16 interviews with them. Guba and Lincoln criteria including credibility, transferability, confirmability and dependability were used to determine the reliability and transparency, and finally five-step framework analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: The analysis of the interviews resulted in identification of 7 main themes that are categorized in 5 problems of policy implementation proposed by Matus framework. The main themes of executive and preventive challenges to implement oral health policies are categorized as organizational problem, the main themes of educational and resource challenges are situated as the material problems, and the present main themes of insurance, policy making and trusteeship challenges are considered as the legal, policymaking and perspective. Conclusion: According to the present results, the implementation of oral health policies has faced some challenges. It seems that the national coverage of oral health and integration of these services in prevention and serious attention to the private sector can be considered as the most important strategies for achieving improved oral health in Iran.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fiscal and Distributional Effects of VAT Exemptions in Korea and Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Sung Myung Jae
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Distributional Effects ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
Older Populations

This paper estimates and compares fiscal and distributional effects of Korean and Japanese VAT exemptions. VAT exemptions have two types of fiscal effects on revenue: they lead to reductions in VAT revenue via the output tax and revenue increases via the undeducted input tax through cascading effects. The results of input-output analyses for both countries indicate that the former effect outweighs the latter, reducing VAT revenue but that the exemptions mitigate the distributional regressivity of its incidence. In Korea in particular, the expansion of an aged population means there are more individuals affected by VAT regressivity, as most members of this population belong to low-income deciles, mainly because they are retirees. As is suggested by the life-cycle hypothesis, older populations are likely to have higher propensity to consume than younger ones. In Japan, the VAT was supposed to increase from 8% to 10% in October 2016, having already increased from 5% to 8% in April 2014. The additional increase was expected to exacerbate the negative impact of the VAT on income redistribution. For this reason, it has been repeatedly postponed, and now is not expected to take effect until October 2019. The growing socioeconomic resistance of the Japanese people to the VAT increase may require additional VAT reforms in Japan. It might, for example, need to increase tax revenue to cope with its growing national debt to GDP ratio as well as with its increasing welfare expenditure. The VAT is one of its key potential revenue sources. In addition, it might also need to broaden the scope of VAT exemptions to include more necessities at the expense of a little revenue so as to ease the potential increase in VAT regressivity expected to ensue from the October 2019 rate increase.

scholarly journals Weather, Social Distancing, and the Spread of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel John Wilson
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Using high-frequency panel data for U.S. counties, I estimate the full dynamic response of COVID-19 cases and deaths to exogenous movements in mobility and weather. I find several important results. First, holding mobility fixed, temperature is found to have a negative and significant effect on COVID-19 cases from 1 to 8 weeks ahead and on deaths from 2 to 8 weeks ahead. Second, holding weather fixed, mobility is found to have a large positive effect on subsequent growth in COVID-19 cases and deaths. The impact on cases becomes significant 3 to 4 weeks ahead and continues through 8 to 10 weeks ahead. The impact on deaths becomes significant around 4 weeks ahead and persists for at least 10 weeks. Third, I find that the deleterious effects of mobility on COVID-19 outcomes are far greater when the local virus transmission rate is above one -- evidence supportive of public health policies aiming to reduce mobility specifically in places experiencing high transmission rates while relaxing restrictions elsewhere. Fourth, I find that the dynamic effects of mobility on cases are generally similar across counties, but the effects on deaths are higher for counties with older populations and, surprisingly, counties with lower black or hispanic population shares. Lastly, I find that while the marginal impact of mobility changes has been stable over recent weeks for cases, it has come down for deaths.

scholarly journals Receipt of emotional support among rural South African adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse A. Jennings ◽  
Nolwazi Mkhwanazi ◽  
Lisa Berkman
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
South African ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Married People ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Older Populations

AbstractAs the world undergoes rapid ageing, informal support from friends and relatives is becoming especially important among older adults in middle- and low-income countries, where formalised social protections may be limited. We use new data from a cohort of adults aged 40 and older in rural South Africa to explore how receipt of emotional support differs by gender and marital status. Our findings suggest that women are more likely to get emotional support than men and have more sources of support. Moreover, women are more likely to get emotional support from relatives, whereas men are more likely to get support from friends. In regard to marital status, married people are more likely to get emotional support and have more sources of support than people who are not married. However, separated/divorced and widowed people are more likely to get emotional support from relatives and have more sources of non-spousal support than married people. These findings point towards gaps in informal systems of support, and the particular importance of considering men and unmarried (especially never-married) people when designing policies to offer social protections to older populations.

scholarly journals The Role of the Coronavirus Pandemic in State-Level Abortion Restrictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Husain
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
State Governments ◽  
State Health ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
Rhetorical Patterns ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Abortion Access

In response to COVID-19, many state governments chose to halt elective or nonessential procedures to free up personal protective equipment (PPE) for frontline medical workers. To help guide and inform state health policies, an emerging body of literature developed which contextualized the role of abortions as time-sensitive, essential medical procedures. Despite this, Texas, Indiana, and Iowa issued executive orders restricting elective or nonessential procedures, and included abortions among the medical services being banned. This content analysis analyzed executive orders and subsequent communications from officials in all three states to identify rhetorical patterns and the language that was used to connect the coronavirus pandemic to abortion care. The major themes that emerged were the expansion of gubernatorial powers due to the declaration of an emergency, connecting abortion services to PPE shortages, classifying abortions as “elective” procedures, differentiating medical and surgical abortions, and purposeful avoidance of the actual term “abortion.” The findings indicate that governors in each of these three states used COVID-19 to further restrict abortion access, and they were able to use rhetoric to create a distinct narrative and justify their policies.

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